Ancient RomeAncient Rome

Rome took everything Greek Rome took everything Greek and made it their own!and made it their own!

Took Greek religion & changed the names

Built in similar architectural style

Also heavily influenced Roman art, literature and everything else

Time Line (before Time Line (before Christianity)Christianity)1500-1000 BCE-Latin peoples

move into Italy800 BCE-Etruscans & Greeks

move into Italy509 BCE-Romans overthrow

Etruscans and form republic264 BCE-Romans begin to

expand their empire129 BCE-Rome is master of the

Mediterranean

Rise of the RepublicRise of the Republic509 BCE Romans

set up a republicRepublic- form of

government in which leaders are elected by citizens

Who are Roman citizens?◦ Patricians (upper

class)◦ Plebians (lower

class)

Plebians vs. PatriciansPlebians vs. PatriciansBoth had right to

voteBoth paid taxesBoth served in

militaryOnly patricians

could serve in public office

System of law applied to both

How did the republic How did the republic work?work?

Consuls- elected each year to lead government/military

Praetors- ran civil law system

Senators- elected by all citizens

Tribunes- elected by plebians

Roman LawRoman LawOverseen by

government officials known as praetors

Developed a code of laws known as Law of Nations◦ Innocent until

proven guilty◦ Accused had right

to defend themselves in front of a judge

Compare & ContrastCompare & Contrast

Roman Republic American Republic

ConsulSenateTribunesPraetors

Government powers split between various elected & representative officials

PresidentSenateRepresentativesSupreme Court

Government powers split between various elected & representative officials

The Roman War MachineThe Roman War MachineConquered all of

Italian peninsula by 264 BCE

Highly organized, very disciplined

Legion- basis of Roman military

Also used as construction workers

Military structureMilitary structureLegion (5,500 men)Divided into 10

cohortsFirst cohort was

specialistsEach cohort led by

centurion

Early ConquestsEarly Conquests

Rome Takes ControlRome Takes ControlAfter conquering

all of Italy, Rome begins to expand

Both Carthage and Rome want control of Mediterranean◦ Why?

GeographyGeography

The Three Punic WarsThe Three Punic WarsRome vs. CarthageRome vs. Carthage

1st Punic War started in 264 BCE

2nd Punic War ended in 202 BCE

3rd Punic War Rome completely destroys Carthage in 146 BCE

Rome was also conquering areas to the east during this time (Hellenistic states)

HannibalHannibalHannibal-

Carthage’s greatest general, took elephants across the Alps to attack Rome, finally beaten in 202 BCE

How to run an empire?How to run an empire?Roman

Confederation:Some people allowed

full citizenshipSome conquered

peoples are allies*Some conquered

peoples became slaves

*They could run their own affairs and even become citizens if they helped Rome succeed

SlaverySlaveryWith conquest

came massive system of slavery that became backbone of Roman life◦ Tutors◦ Musicians◦ Doctors◦ Artists◦ Gladiators◦ Shop workers◦ House servants◦ Government

workers

Slave RevoltsSlave RevoltsPeriodic

uprisingsMost famous was

in 73 BCE◦ Led by gladiator

named Spartacus

Rulers of the RealmRulers of the RealmJulius CaesarAugustus Caesar

Pax Romana-◦ Period when

Rome ruled Mediterranean

◦ Increased trade & travel

◦ Spread of Greco-Roman culture

Pax RomanaPax Romana

Roman CultureRoman CultureRoman expansion

brought great wealth, but also corruption & growth of lower classes

Corruption & growth of landed estates led to rise of dictators (unlimited rule by one person)

Daily LifeDaily LifeIncreasing number

of landless poorGathered in citiesDirty, overcrowdedVoted for any

leader who promised reform

Free bread, free entertainment

Engineering an EmpireEngineering an EmpireConcreteAqueductRoadsPublic works &

defense projects

ReligionReligionRoman religion was

polytheisticThey took Greek

religion and renamed everyone

312 CE- Constantine converts to Christianity, it spreads around empire (more about that later)

ArtArtHad Greek

sculpture and art in their public buildings and homes

Copied their form, but were more realistic in portraying people

Greek Art Roman Art

Focused on humans Idealized portrayal

Copied Greek styleMore realistic

Literature & LanguageLiterature & LanguageVirgil

◦ The Aeneid (similar to Homer’s epic poems)

Latin◦ Forms base for ½

of English language

◦ Basis of all Romance languages

ContributionsContributionsRepublican form

of government (which is what the US is)

Separation of government powers (judges, leaders, senators)

ArchitectureSpread of

Christianity

Gladiator fightsMulticulturalEagle as national

symbolStrong militaryWorld-wide

trade/influenceSpread of Greco-

Roman culture