Ancient Italy Report

8/7/2019 Ancient Italy Report

1/47

Ancient ItalyGianan, Eleonor F. and Maglaqui, Ramon Joseph N.


2/47

Facts

Historical

BackgroundCity of Rome

Government

Famous PlacesItaly

Italian Deities

Roman Empire

Rome Vs Greece

Great Leaders

Eras and Timelines

Wars and Battles

I.T.A.L.Y.


3/47

Official Name Italia

The name Italy comes from the Latin word Italia thatreferred to a territory owned by Rome, but was later

applied to the Italic peninsula. Capital Rome

Official Language Italian

Total Land Area - 301,338 km2 (71st)116,346 sq mi

Total Water Surface 2.4%

Currency - Euro ()2 (EUR)

Facts about Ancient

Italy

Back


4/47

A. MapB. Location

C. Flags and symbols

D. EtymologyE. People

Historical Background of

AncientItaly

Back to main


5/47

Map of Italy

Back


6/47

Located in southern Europe.

Italy is a peninsula extending into the CentralMediterranean Sea.

It is shaped like a high-heeled boot kicking a"triangle"the island of Sicily.

Italy borders France to the west, Switzerlandand Austria to the north, and Slovenia to theeast.

Location

Back


7/47

Flag of Italy

Italy's flag is a tricolor featuring three equally sized

vertical bands of green, white and red, with the

green at the hoist side.

Meaning of National Italian Flag

Back


8/47

Italys Flag

Il Tricolore, is a vertical tricolour with from left to

right the colours green, white and red. When used for

seafaring, the white bar in the Italy flag should have

added the combined weapons of four of the mostimportant seafaring republics of Italy.

The four most important seafaring republics in Italy

are Venica, Genua, Amalfi and Pisa. A lion represents

Pisa, Genua is represented by a red cross on a whitebackground, Amalfi and Pisa are also represented by

a cross, that of Amalfi being white on blue and Pisa

being a white cross on red background.


9/47

Kinds of

ItalianF

lagWar Flag Italian Emblem

The emblem comprises a white five-pointed

star, with a red border, superimposed on a

five-spoked cogwheel which stands between

an olive branch on its left and a branch of oak

on its right; the branches in turn are bound by

a red ribbon bearing the legend

"REPVBBLICA ITALIANA" (Italian Republic)

Back


10/47

Italian

National Anthem "Il Canto degli Italiani" (The Song of the Italians), was

written in 1847, with lyrics by Goffredo Mameli.

Subsequently, the song is often known as L'Inno diMameli (Mameli's Hymn). When Italy united as a

nation in 1861, the song was then known as the "March

of the House of Savoy" and it became the official

Anthem in 1947, one year after Italy was proclaimed aRepublic.

Back


11/47

Etymology

The term Italia was borrowed through greek from the oscan Vteli,

meaning "land of young cattle.

The bull was a symbol of the southern Italian tribes and was often

depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during

the Samnite Wars.

The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern

Italy: according to Antiochus of Syracuse, it defined the southern portion

of the Bruttium peninsula (modern Calabria). But by his

time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also

applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply

the name "Italia" to a larger region, but it was not until the time of theRoman conquests that the term was expanded to cover the entire

peninsula.

Back


12/47

City of Rome


13/47

Government


14/47

Ancient People of Italy

Back


15/47


1000 BC

most of the peoples in Italy were Indo-European, a term

that declares common origin (at least 10,000 years ago) of

people as different as Swedes and Iranians or Punjabis andSpaniards.

In Italy this meant that the speakers of Latin (hence Lazio,

the area around Rome) spoke a language like Oscan, the

language of their neighbors the Sabines, Samnites and

Campanians (Naples is in Campania).

Back


16/47


The Etruscans

Having mentioned Indo-European it is noteworthy that

this truly great ancient culture was not Indo-European.

Their language (written in an alphabet borrowed from theGreeks) has never been deciphered. At one time, scholars

thought they might have arrived in Italy long enough ago

to be called indigenous perhaps descendants of the

stone-age cave painters of 20,000 years ago

Back


17/47


The Greeks (Between 800 and 500 BC) The peoples of the Aegean peninsula and archipelago colonized portions

of Sicily and the southern Italian peninsula. Those settlements made up

Magna Grecia Greater Greece. There arose in Italy centers of Hellenic

culture, marketplaces for the ideas of Archimedes, Pythagoras andPlato, ideas that so influenced later Roman conquerors that today most

Europeans regard themselves as inheritors of a wondrous hybrid culture

called 'Greco-Roman'.

Back


18/47


Other peoples lived along the Tiber river; among

these were, of course, the Latini. There is confusing

historical overlap of Latini and Romans. Traditionally,

Rome is said to have been founded in 753 by

descendants of Aeneas, a refugee from the Trojan

War.

The Umbrians, too, have given their name to a

region of modern Italy. They fought and lostalongside of the Etruscans against the Greeks at the

famous battle of Cuma in the 6th century BC, a

defeat that marked the end of Etruscan power in

Italy. Back


19/47


Sabines

Various accounts of The Abduction of the Sabine

Women show just how dangerous it was to live next-door to

Romulus & Sons. The proximity of the Sabines to Rome hasmade it difficult to identify their ruins with certainty,

although there are some from as early as the 9th century

BC. The Sabines were related to the Samnites to the south,

and they adopted writing from the Etruscans.

Back


20/47


The Samnites were an important sister tribe of the

Latins. Their capital was modern Benevento in

the rugged terrain east of Naples. At the time of the

first contacts between Roman and Samnite (around

350 BC), Samnium was larger than any other

contemporary state in Italy.

The Opicians lived in ancient Campania, the region

in which Naples is located. The Greeks, themselves,

wrote of having founded Cuma in Opicia. Pre-

Greek Opician items have, in fact, been found at

Cuma. The Opicians were a farming people and had

early contact with the Etruscans.Back


21/47


The Siculians inhabited Sicily, migrating there from

Campania. Remains from 1000 BC have been found

that show the influence of the earlier great

Mycenaean culture of Crete. The Greeks later wrote

that they had received land from the Siculian King,Hyblon, to build a city. The ancient peoples of Sicily

were assimilated into Magna Grecia.

The Enotrians inhabited the Ionian and Tyrrhenian

coasts. The Greeks, upon their arrival in Italy,

regarded the Enotrians almost mythically, holding

them to be descended from the ancient pastoral

people of Arcadia Back


22/47

Famous Places

The Pantheon The Pantheon stands as the mostcomplete Roman structure on earth,

having survived 20 centuries of

plunder, pillage and invasion.

The original Pantheon was arectangular temple built by Marcus

Vipsanius Agrippa, son-in-law of

Augustus, the first Roman emperor,

as part of a district renewal plan in

27-25 BC.The Pantheon contains the tombs of

Rafael and of several Italian Kings.

Pantheon is a Greek word meaning

"to honor all Gods."


23/47

Famous Places

Roman Forum The Roman Forum (also

known as the Foro Romano, in

Italian, or just the Forum) is

one of the Top Ancient Sites inRome as well as one of the Top

Rome Attractions for visitors.

The Forum was the center of

political, religious, and

commercial life of ancient

Rome and provides insight into

the splendor that once was the

Roman Empire.


24/47

Famous Places

The Capitoline Hill The Capitoline Museums in

Rome, or Musei Capitolini, were

established by Pope Clement

XII in 1734, making them thefirst museums in the world

open to the public. Actually

one museum spread out in two

buildings the Palazzo dei

Conservatori and the PalazzoNuovo the Capitoline houses

numerous artistic and

archeological treasures that

help to tell the story of Rome.


25/47

Famous Places

Piazza Navona

It built as a stadium in the first

century for athletic contests

and chariot races, Piazza

Navona is lined with luxurious

cafes and Baroque palaces and

is the home to three lavish

fountains. It was laid out in the15th century on the ruins of the

stadium.


26/47

Famous Places

The Palantine Hill The area of the Palatine is about 25acres. It is the central hill of the

seven hills of Rome. It was the first

hill area to become a settlement.

Much of the Palatine has not beenexcavated, except for the area

nearest the Tiber. The residence of

Augustus (and Tiberius, and

Domitian), the Temple of Apollo

and temples of Victory and theGreat Mother are there. The exact

location on the Palatine of Romulus'

home and the Lupercal cave are

unknown.


27/47

Famous Places

Baths of Diocletian The Baths of Diocletian, oncecovering 32 acres, were the largest

public baths or thermae in ancient

Rome. Opened in 306 AD, the baths

were used for more than 200 yearsand accommodated up to 3000

bathers. Besides baths and pools,

there were two libraries, a garden,

and an exedra, probably used as a

theater, where Piazza dellaRepubblica is today. The baths were

richly decorated with marble,

sculptures, and floor mosaics.


28/47

Famous Places

Baths of CarcallaAt the foot of the Aventine

hill are the monumental ruins

of the Baths of Caracalla,

used from the Second to Sixth

century AD. Taking a bathwas a social event for the

people of ancient Rome and

the huge complex could hold

up to 1600 bathers! Besidesbaths, they held an array of

facilities such as a gym, art

galleries, gardens, and shops

selling food and drinks.


29/47

Famous Places

Trajans Market Trajan's Market are now believedby many to be administrative

offices for Emperor Trajan. The

shops and apartments were built in

a multi-level structure and you can

visit several of the levels. Highlights

inlcude delicate marble floors and

the remains of a library. The

new Museum of the Imperial

Forums houses a wealth of artifactsfrom all of ancient Rome's forums.

Trajan's Market is at Via Quattro

Novembre 94, closed on Mondays.


30/47

Famous Places

Castel Sant AngeloIt is known to be one of the

most marvelous monuments

over the entire Rome. Whats

more, it can give you the most

fantastic panoramic views ofTiber.

Castel Sant Angelo has

become the haven of numerous

popes, as it contains apassageway going to the

Vatican, as well as Roman

emperors. This massive structure

also served as Roman fortress.


31/47

Famous Places

CatacombsCatacombs are interesting

burial places in Italy and

some of the best are in Rome.

Mazes of underground

tunnels were used to bury

thousands of bodies and

some of them are open to the

public for tours. Here are thebest places to visit catacombs

in Rome.


32/47

Italy

A. Culture

B. Daily Life

C. Cuisine

D. Latin Literature

E. Money

F. Religion


33/47

Culture

Identity

The Italians identify first with their village, this is

known as "Campanilismo" - that area visible from the

bell tower of the church in their village. "Campanile"meaning bell tower.

But first and foremost Italians give priority to

themselves, then their families, the village, province,

region, and finally the country.


34/47

Culture

Italian Family and Values

The family is the centre of the social structure and

provides a stabilizing influence for its members.

. In the north, generally only the nuclear family livestogether; while in the south, the extended family often

resides together in one house.

. The family provides both emotional and financial

support to its members.


35/47

Culture

Italian Style

- Appearances matter in Italy.

- The way you dress can indicate your social status,

your family's background, and your education level.- First impressions are lasting impressions in Italy. The

concept of 'bella figura' or good image is important to

Italians. They unconsciously assess another person's age

and social standing in the first few seconds of meetingthem, often before any words are exchanged.


36/47

Culture

Italian Style

- Clothes are important to Italians.

- They are extremely fashion conscious and judge

people on their appearance.- You will be judged on your clothes, shoes, accessories

and the way you carry yourself.

Bella figura is more than dressing well. It extends to

the aura your project too - i.e. confidence, style,demeanour, etc.


37/47

Culture

Catholicism

- The primary religion in Italy is Roman Catholic.

- There are more Catholic churches per capita in Italy

than in any other country.- Although church attendance is relatively low, the

influence of the church is still high.

- Many office buildings will have a cross or a religious

statue in the lobby.- Each day of the year has at least one patron saint

associated with it.


38/47

Culture

Catholicism

- Children are named for a particular saint and

celebrate their saint's day as if it were their own

birthday.

- Each trade and profession has a patron saint.

- The church promulgates hierarchy, which can be

seen in all Italian relationships.

- They respect and defer to those who are older, thosewho have achieved a level of business success, and

those who come from well-connected families


39/47

Daily Life


40/47

Money


41/47

Italian Deities

Anteros

Italian-Roman god of love

and passion. He was,specifically, the god of

mutual love and would

punish those who did not

return love.


42/47

Italian Deities

Aradia

Italian witch goddess. She

came to earth to teach hermother Diana's magic.

Symbolizes the air element,

the moon.


43/47

Italian Deities

Astraea

Italian goddess of truth andjustice. Also known as

Astria.


44/47

Italian Deities

Carmen

Italian goddess of spellcasting and

enchantments.

Cel

Italian god of death and the

underworld.

Comus

Italian god of revelry, drinking, and

feasting.

Copia

Italian goddess of wealth plenty.

Corvus

Italian messenger god.

Fauna

Italian goddess of the earth, wildlife,

forests, and fertility. Symbolizes

prosperity as well.

Faunus

Roman and Italian god of woodlands.Symbolizes love. Also known as

Pan [Greek].


45/47

Italian Deities

Frebruus

Italian god of purification,

initation, and of the dead.

Fortuna

Italian goddess of fortune, fate,

destiny, blessings, luck, and fertility.

Often invoked when one wants to

receive money by chance, like in a

lottery or contest.

Jana

Italian goddess of the moon.

Jove

Italian-Roman sky god.

Lethns

Italian earth and nature deity.

Invoke during sky, water, or

element of earth, or for divination.

Lucifer

Italian god of sun and light.Brother and soulmate of Diana,

father of Aradia.


46/47

Italian Deities

Lucina

Italian goddess of childbirth.

Lupercus

Italian god of agriculture, wolf-

god.

Marica

Italian goddess of agriculture.

NoxItalian goddess of the night.

Pertunda

Italian goddess of sexual love.

Umbria

Italian goddess of shadows and

things which are hidden or secret.

Uni

Italian goddess of witchcraft.

Vertumnus

Roman-Italian god of fruits.

VirbiusItalian god of outlaws and

outcasts; the guardian of

sanctuaries.


47/47

Famous Places

The Colosseum of Rome The Colosseum, sometimes

spelled "Coliseum", was built

between 70 and 82 AD in the

heart of Rome. It was called

the Amphitheatrum Flavium

or Flavian Amphitheater

because it was built by the

the Flavian emperors,

Vespasian and Titus. Some sayis was able to hold 87,000

spectators, but more likely it

was around 50,000, still

monumental for the time.

Documents

Ancient Italy Report