Upload
worec-nepal
View
234
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Anbeshi is a year book on Violence Against Women published yearly by WOREC Nepal. Its analytical book on status and dimension of violence against women in Nepal. This year's Anbeshi presents analysis of 1581 VAW cases.
Citation preview
www.wore
cnep
al.org
www.wore
cnep
al.org
i
"cGj]ifL"dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf]
ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg
@)^(
cf]/]s g]kfn
afns'df/L, nlntk'/
www.wore
cnep
al.org
ii
"cGj]ifL"
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf]
ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg
@)^(© cf]/]s g]kfn
o; k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ePsf ljifoj:t'x¿ dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu ul/g] s'g} klg cleofgsf] k|of]hgsf] lglDt ;|f]t v'nfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
n]vs M ;+lhtf ltlD;gf;Nnfxsf/ M 8f= /]0f' /fhe08f/L;Dkfbg M 8f= ljgfos /fhe08f/LtYofÍ k|zf]wg M k|ljgf t08'sf/cfj/0f÷n]cfp6 M /d]z e08f/L÷ s[i0ff rf}w/Ld'b|0f M Soflk6n sDKo'6/ Nof08 k|f=ln= cfly{s ;xof]u M ldh]l/o/, hd{gL
k|sfzs M cf]/]s g]kfn kf]=a=g+= !#@##, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn Email: [email protected]
Website: www.worecnepal.org
ISBN: 9789937256728
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
ljifo;"rLcfef/ 12b'O{ zAb 14sfo{ut kl/efiff 17sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z 21
kl/R5]b !M kl/ro 27!=! k[i7e"ld 28!=@ cWoogsf] ;Ldf 38!=# cWoog ljlw 39
kl/R5]b @ M k|fKt kl/0ffdx¿ / ljZn]if0f 40@ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf cj:yf / ljZn]if0f 41@=! lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] If]qut l:ylt 41@=@ dlxnf lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ 43@=# dlxnf lx+;f / pd]/ 45@=$ dlxnf lx+;f / lzIff 47@=^ k|efljtsf] hflt 52@=& k|efljt / kL8saLrdf /x]sf] ;DaGw 53@=* k|efljtsf] k]zf 54@=( lx+;fsf sf/0f dlxnfx¿dfly k/]sf] c;/ 56
kl/R5]b # M 3/]n' lx+;f 58#=! dlxnf / 3/]n' lx+;f 59#=@ 3/]n' lx+;fleqsf :j¿kx¿ 60#=# 3/]n' lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ 62
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
#=$ 3/]n' lx+;fsf kL8ssf k|sf/ 62#=% k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 63#=^ k|efljtsf] pd]/ / 3/]n' lx+;f 64#=& k|efljtsf] lzIffsf] :t/ / 3/]n' lx+;f 64#=* k|efljtsf] hft / 3/]n' lx+;f 66#=( k|efljtsf] k]zf / 3/]n' lx+;f 67#=!) k|efljtnfO{ k/]sf] c;/ 67
kl/R5]b $ M ;fdflhs lx+;f 71$=! dlxnf / ;fdflhs lx+;f 72$=@ dlxnfdfly ;fdflhs ¿kdf ePsf lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿ 75$=# ;fdflhs lx+;fsf kL8ssf k|sf/x¿ 75$=$ k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 76$=% k|efljtsf] pd]/ / ;fdflhs lx+;f 76$=* k|efljtsf] k]zf / ;fdflhs lx+;f 79$=( ;fdflhs lx+;fsf sf/0f k|efljtdf k/]sf] c;/ 80
kl/R5]b % M anfTsf/ 84%=! anfTsf/ 85%=@ anfTsf/sf kL8ssf k|sf/ 87%=# k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 88%=$ anfTsf/af6 k|efljtsf] pd]/ 88%=% anfTsf/af6 k|efljtsf] z}lIfs cj:yf 89%=^ k|efljtsf] hflt 89%=& k|efljtsf] k]zf 91%=* anfTsf/af6 k|efljtdf k/]sf] c;/ 91
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
kl/R5]b ^ M of}lgs lx+;f 95^=! of}lgs lx+;f 96^=@ k|efljtsf] pd]/ / of}lgs lx+;f 97^=# of}lgs lx+;fsf kL8ssf k|sf/ 97^=$ k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 98^=% k|efljtsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf 99^=^ k|efljtsf] hflt 100^=& k|efljtsf] k]zf 101^=* k|efljtnfO{ k/]sf c;/x¿ 101
kl/R5]b & M xTof 104&=! xTof 105&=@ k|efljtsf] pd]/ / xTof 106&=$ k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 107&=% k|efljtsf] z}lIfs :t/ / xTof 108&=^ k|efljtsf] hftL / xTof 109&=& k|efljtsf] k]zf / xTof 110
kl/R5]b * M dfgj a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/ 112*=! dfgj a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/ 113*=@ k|efljtsf] pd]/ / a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/ 115*=# k|efljt / kL8ssf] ;DaGw 115*=$ k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 117*=% k|efljtsf] z}lIfs cj:yf 117*=^ k|efljtsf] hflt 119*=& k|efljtsf] k]zf 119*=* k|efljtnfO{ k/]sf] c;/x¿ 120
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
kl/R5]b ( M kL8ssf] k[i7e"ld 123(=! kL8ssf] k[i7e"ld 124(=@ kL8ssf] pd]/ 124(=# kL8ssf] n}lËs ljj/0f 126(=$ kL8ssf] z}lIfs cj:yf 127(=% kL8ssf] j}jflxs cj:yf 129(=^ kL8ssf] k]zf 130
kl/R5]b !) M k|efljtnfO{ ul/Psf] ;xof]u 132!)=! k|efljtsf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f 133!)=@ k|efljtnfO{ ul/Psf] ;xof]usf] ljj/0f 134
kl/R5]b !! M ;~rf/ cg'udg 138;~rf/ cg'udgaf6 k|fKt dlxnf lx+;fsf] tYo 139
kl/R5]b !@ M lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿ 144
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
lrqx¿sf] ;"rL
rf6{ g+= ! dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx?sf] If]qut l:ylt 41 rf6{ g+= @ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf k|sf/x? 43
rf6{ g+= # dlxnfsf] pd]/ cg';f/ lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 45
rf6{ g++=$ dlxnfsf] z}lIfs cj:yfsf cfwf/df lx+;fsf kl/0fdx¿ 48
rf6{ g++=% dlxnfsf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yfsf cfwf/df lx+;fsf kl/0fdx¿ 48
rf6{ g+= ^ dlxnfsf] j} jflxs l:ylt / lx+;fsf] kl/ 0ffd 50
rf6{ g+= & dlxnfsf] hftLo ljj/0f / lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 52
rf6{ g+=* dlxnfsf] j}jflxs l:ylt / lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 53
rf6{ g+= ( dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / k]zf 54
rf6{ g+= !) dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/0f dlxnfdf k/]sf c;/x¿ 56
rf6{ g+= !! dlxnfdfly ePsf 3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ k|ltztdf 63
rf6{ g+= !@ 3/ ] n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿ / kL8ssf] ;DaGw 63
rf6{ g+= !# 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] j}jflxs cj:yf / lx+;fsf
kl/0ffdx¿ 64
rf6{ g+= !$ 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] pd]/sf cfwf/df lx+;fsf
kl/0ffdx¿ 65
rf6{ g+= !% 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] z}lIfs cj:yf / lx+;fsf
kl/0ffdx¿ 65
rf6{ g+= !^ 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf / lx+;fsf
kl/0ffdx¿ 66
rf6{ g+= !& 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] hfltut cj:yf / lx+;fsf
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
kl/0ffdx¿ 66
rf6{ g+= !* 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] k]zf / lx+;fsf] cj:yf 67
rf6{ g+= !( 3/]n' lx+;faf6 k|efljt dlxnfx¿df k/]sf] c;/x¿ k|ltztdf 68
rf6{ g+=@) dlxnfdfly x'g] ;fdflhs lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ 75
rf6{ g+= @! ;fdflhs lx+;fsf k|efljtx¿sf] kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 76
rf6{ g+= @@ ;fdflhs lx+;f k|efljtx¿sf] j}jflxs cj:yf 77
rf6{ g+= @# pd] / sf cfwf/ df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 77
rf6{ g+=@$ z}lIfs cj:yfsf cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;f 78
rf6{ g+=@% lzIffsf] :t/sf cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;f 78
rf6{ g+=@^ hfltut cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 79
rf6{ g+=@& dlxnfsf] k]zf / ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 80
rf6{ g+=@* ;fdflhs lx+;fsf sf/ 0f k|efljtdf k/ ] sf c;/ x¿ 81
rf6{ g+= @( anfTsf/ k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 87
rf6{ g+ #) anfTsf/ / k|efljtsf] j} jflxs cj:yf 88
rf6{ g+= #! anfTsf/ k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] pd]/sf cfwf/df lx+;fsf kl/0ffdx¿
89
rf6{ g+= #@ anfTsf/ k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] z}lIfs cj:yf / lx+;fsf kl/0ffdx¿
90
rf6{ g+= ## anfTsf/ k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf / lx+;fsf
kl/0ffdx¿ 90
rf6{ g+= #$ hfltut cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 91
rf6{ g+= #% k|efljtsf] k]zf / anfTsf/sf 36gfx?sf] cj:yf 92
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
rf6{ g+= #^ anfTsf/ af6 k|efljtdf k/ ] sf c;/ x? 92
rf6{ g+=#& pd] / sf cfwf/ df dlxnfdfly ePsf] of} lgs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 98
rf6{ g+= #* of} lgs lx+;faf6 k|efljtx¿sf] kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 98
rf6{ g+= #( k|efljtsf] j} jflxs cj:yf / of} lgs lx+;f 99
rf6{ g++=$) k|efljtsf] z} lIfs cj:yf / of} lgs lx+;fsf kl/ 0ffdx¿ 99
rf6{ g++=$! of} lgs lx+;faf6 k|efljtx¿ sf] ;fIf/ tfsf] cj:yf / of} lgs lx+;fsf
kl/ 0ffdx¿ 100
rf6{ g+= $@ k|efljtsf] hflt / of} lgs lx+;fsf kl/ 0ffx¿ 100
rf6{ g+= $# k|efljtsf] k] zf / of} lgs lx+;fsf kl/ 0ffdx¿ 101
rf6{ g+= $$ of} lgs lx+;faf6 k|efljtnfO} k/ ] sf c;/ x¿ 102
rf6{ g+= $% dlxnfsf] pd]/cg';f/ xTof cj:yf 106
rf6{ g+= $^ k|efljt / kL8ssf] lardf /x]sf] ;DaGw 107
rf6{ g+=$& k|efljtsf] j}jflxs l:yltsf cfwf/df xTof 108
rf6{ g+= $* k|efljtsf] z}lIfs cj:yfsf cfwf/df xTof 108
rf6{ g+= $( k|efljtsf] ;fIf/ tfsf] cj:yf / xTof 109
rf6{ g+= %) k|efljtsf] hfltut cj:yfsf cfwf/df xTof 109
rf6{ g+= %! k|efljtsf] k] zf / xTof 110
rf6{ g+= %@ a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/af6 k|efljtsf] pd]/ 116
rf6{ g+=%# a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 116
rf6{ g+= %$ a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] j} jflxs cj:yf 117
rf6{ g+= %% a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] z} lIfs cj:yf 118
rf6{ g+= %^ a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] ;fIf/ tfsf] :t/ 118
rf6{ g+=%& a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] hfltut ljj/ 0f 119
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
rf6{ g+= %* k|efljtsf] k] zf / a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ sf] cj:yf 120
rf6{ g+= %( dfgj a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtdf k/ ] sf] c;/ x¿ 120
rf6{ g+ ^) kL8ssf] pd]/ ;d"x 124
rf6{ g+ ^! kL8ssf] n}lËs ljj/0f 126
rf6{ g+ ^@ kL8ssf] z}lIfs cj:yf 128
rf6{ g+= ^# kL8ssf] ;fIf/ tfsf] cj:yf 128
rf6{ g+ ^$ kL8ssf] j}jflxs cj:yf 129
rf6{ g+ ^% kL8ssf] k]zfsf] ljj/0f 130
rf6{ g+=^^ lx+;f kZrft\ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f l:ylt 133
rf6{ g+= ^& lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿ sf nflu ;+:yfn] o; jif{ u/]sf ;xof]usf]
ljj/0f k|ltztdf 137
rf6{ ^* kfFr ljsfz If]q / lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 139
rf6{ g+ ^( dlxnf dfly ePsf lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ -k|ltztdf _ 140
rf6{ g+= &) kfFr ljsfz If]q / lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 140
rf6{ g+ &! dlxnf dfly ePsf ;fdflhs lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ 141
rf6{ g+ &@ lx+;fsf] k|sf/ / kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 141
rf6{ g+ &# pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ lx+;fsf] cj:yf 142
rf6{ g+ &$ kLl8tsf] hflt cg';f/ lx+;fsf] k|sf/ 142
rf6{ g+ &% k|efljtsf] a}jflxs cj:yf 143
www.wore
cnep
al.org
11
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
11
of] k':ts tof/ ug'{sf p2]Zox¿
cf] / ] s g] kfnn] ljut % jif{b] lv dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] clen] vLs/ 0fug{] sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] 5 . cf] / ] s g] kfnn] ljleGg / fli6«o b} lgs kqklqsfx¿df k|sflzt ePsf dlxnf lx+;f ;DalGw 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg u/ L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTosf nflu ;Dk'0f{ ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿nfO{ hjfkmb] lx / pQ/ bflo aGgsf nflu k} / jL ug{] p2] Zon] x/ ] s dlxgf dfl;s k|ltj] bg tof/ u/ L ;fj{hlgs ug{] sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} cf] / ] s g] kfnn] dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg tyf :ynut e|d0f u/ L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] oyfy{tfnfO{ ;~rf/ dfWoddf / cGtlqmof sfo{qmd dfkm{t ;do ;dodf ;fj{hlgs ub{} ;/ f] sf/ nfx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg] sfo{ ;d] t ub{} cfPsf] 5 .
o;/ L dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] clen] vLs/ 0fu/ L To;sf] ljZn] if0ffTds cWoog ;lxtsf] jif{ k':ts tof/ ug'{sf p2] Zox¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] l:yltsf] klxrfg u/ L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?å / fHonfO{ plrt sfg'g, lglt lgod, of] hgf lgdf{0f u/ L cfjZos ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug{ bafj lbg] tyf ;r] t u/ fpg] .
• lx+;faf6 k|efljtsf] Gofodf kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZos kg{] If] qx¿sf] klxrfg u/ L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;/ sf/ nfO{ clkn ug{] .
• lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] Gofodf kx'Fr a[l4 ug{sf nflu pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf klxrfg u/ L ;xof] uL ;+oGqsf] ljsf; / To;df k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ k} / jL ug{] .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
1212
cfef/
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGToljgf dlxnfclwsf/ sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g ;Qm} g . ;fdflhs Gofo, ;dfgtf / b] zdf lbuf] zflGtsf nflu dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo cfjZos 5 . o;y{ o; cj:Yffsf] cGTo ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf clwsf/ tyf dfgj clwsf/ sf If] qdf lqmofzLn JolQm, gful/ s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿, / fhgLltsdL{x¿, ;+:yf / ;d"x ;a} sf] ;xsfo{af6 dfq} ;Dej 5 .
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] jf:tljs oyfy{tf ha;Dd aflx/ cfpFb} g ta;Dd o;sf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klxNofpg ufx|f] x'G5 / o;sf] cGTosf nflu ul/Psf k|of;x¿ k|of;df dfq ;Lldt x'g k'Ub5g\ . o;y{ dlxnfdfly ePsf] lx+;fsf] cj:yfnfO{ lrq0f ug{] p2] Zon] dlxnflx+;f lj?åsf] cleofgdf lg/ Gt/ nflu/ xg] w] / } ;ª\3;+:yf, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ sdL{x¿sf] ;+o'Qm k|of; xf] æcGj] ifLÆ sf] kfrf} + cª\s .
lkQ[;QfTds ;f] r xfaL / x] sf] ;dfhdf cfkm"dfly ePsf] lx+;flj?å af] Ng cem} klg dlxnfx¿nfO{ Tolt ;lhnf] 5} g . oBlk cfkm"dfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ cGo dlxnfx¿n] ef] Ug' gk/ f] ;\ eGg] cfsf+ªIffsf ;fy cfkm"dfly ePsf] lx+;fsf] hfgsf/ L u/ fpg] ;fx; a6'Ng'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ g] kfnL dlxnfx¿k|lt cf] / ] s g] kfn ljz] if s[t1tf JoQm ub{5 . dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ aflx/ NofpFbf dlxnfx¿n] ;'/ Iff / cGo hf] lvdx¿sf] ;d] t ;fdgf ug'{kg{] l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g] ub{5 . oBlk ;d'bfo:t/ df lqmofzLn dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿n] cfkm"dfly kg{] hf] lvd / r'gf} ltsf] k|jfxljgf cfˆgf 3/ , l5d] s / lhNnfdf 36] sf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg ug'{ePsf] ;fx;, w} o{ / sfdsf] pRr ;Ddfg ub{} cfkm"n] clen] vg u/ ] sf 36gfx¿ cf] / ] s g] kfnsf] tYofÍ zfvfdf k7fpg' x'g] ;Dk'0f{ dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿k|lt xfdL ljz] if cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5f} + .
cf] / ] s g] kfnsf lhNnf sfof{nox¿df / x] / ;d'bfo:t/ af6 k|fKt dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ b:tfj] hLs/ 0f ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg'x'g] df] / Ë zfvfsf zflGt bg'jf/ , pbok'/ zfvfsf / df du/ , l;/ xf zfvfsf x] df sfsL{, wg'iff zfvfsf k|d] z d08n, s} nfnL zfvfsf ljg' / f0ff, /
www.wore
cnep
al.org
13
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
13
bfË zfvfsf lx/ fdl0f rf} w/ LnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f} + .
o; k|ltj] bg tof/ ug{sf nflu tYofÍnfO{ ;dfof] hg, ljZn] if0f tyf lrqx¿sf] tof/ L / k|ltj] bg n] vg u/ L dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{] cf] / ] s g] kfnsL sfo{qmd ;+of] hs ;+lhtf ltlD;gfnfO{ cf] / ] s g] kfn cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} o; sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg' x'g] tYofÍ zfvfsf k|lagf t08'sf/ nfO{ klg cf] / ] s g] kfn ljz] if wGojfb JoQm ub{5 . 36gf ;+sngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] cf]/]s g]kfnsf snf /fO{, lglndf /fO{, lbkf l3ld/] tyf ljg' e'h]nnfO{ ;d]t wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ . ;xof]uo;} u/ L o; k':ts tof/ Lsf qmddf ;xof] u ug'{x'g] cf] / ] s g] kfnsf sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ clwjQmf bnaxfb'/ wfdLnfO{ klg ljz] if wGojfb lbg rfxG5f} + .
cf] / ] s g] kfnsf ;+:Yffks cWoIf 8f=/ ] 0f' / fhe08f/ LnfO{ o; k':tsnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbgsf nflu pxfFn] k|bfg ug'{ePsf] ;'emfj, lgb{] zg tyf ;xof] uk|lt ;+:yf cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 .
cf] / ] s g] kfnsf k|fljlws ;Nnfxsf/ 8f= ljgfos / fhe08f/ LnfO{ cToGt} sd ;dodf klg ;Nnfx, ;'emfj / ;Dkfbg u/ L o; k':tssf] k|sfzgsf nflu dxTjk'0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ePsf] df ljz] if cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f} + . cfj/ 0f tyf ;fh;Hhf u/ L of] k|ltj] bgnfO{ cfsif{s agfpg ;xof] u ug'{ x'g] cf] / ]s g] kfnsf k|sfzg zfvfsf / d] z e08f/ L / s[i0ff rf} w/ LnfO{ ljz] if wGojfb glbO / xg ;lsb} g . ;fy} cGj]ifL d'b|0f ug'{ x'g] ljsf; Jof~h' tyf Soflk6n sDKo'6/ Nof08 k|f=ln=, eQmk'/ k|lt xfdL cfef/L 5f}+ .
dfly pNn] v ul/ Psf JolQmx¿afx] s klg cGo ljleGg JolQmx¿sf] ;xof] un] dfq of] k|ltj] bg tof/ ePsf] xf] . o; k':ts tof/ Lsf nflu k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ¿kn] ;3fpg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx¿nfO{ cf] / ] s g] kfn wGojfb lbb} xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5 .
afa'/ fd uf} tdsfo{sf/ L lgb{] zs
cf] / ] s g] kfn
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
1414
b'O{ zAb
dlxnfdfly ePsf] lx+;fsf] jf:tljstf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbg] p2] Zn] tof/ kfl/ Psf] of] jif{ k':ts ÆcGj] ifLædlxnf cfGbf] ngsf nflu Ps dxTjk"0f{ k|sfzg xf] .
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ;dfhsf x/ ] s ;+/ rgfdf h/ f] uf8] / / x] sf] lkQ[;QfTds d"NodfGotf / ;f] rsf] kl/ 0ffd xf] . To;sf] kmn:j¿k jif{} lg xhf/ f} + g] kfnL dlxnfx¿ ljleGg lsl;dsf zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs / cfly{s ¿kdf lx+;f vKg afWo agfO{Psf 5g\ . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / ltgsf cfofd / kl/ df0fx¿n] clxn] dlxnfx¿ cfqmfGt ePsf 5g\ . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fn] dlxnfsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ , ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/ , oftgfd'Qm eO{ hLjg hLpg kfpg] clwsf/ , :jtGq / ;'/ lIft ¿kdf hLjg ofkg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ , :j:y jftfj/ 0fsf] clwsf/ h:tf cfwf/ e"t dfgj clwsf/ sf] xgg\ u/ ] sf] 5 . 3/ b] lv ;fj{hlgs :yn;Dd ljleGg lx+;fx¿ a9\bf] s|ddf / x] sf] o; jif{ k':ts æcGj] ifLÆ n] b] vfPsf] 5 . o;n] dlxnfsf] zf/ Ll/ s / dfgl;s :Jff:Yodf, JolQmTjdf, cfTd;Ddfgdf, pTkfbgdf / kl/ jf/ df k|ToIf c;/ kf/ ] sf] 5 eg] b] zsf] ljsf;, pTkfbg / eljiosf ;Gtltx¿df ;d] t k|efj kfb{5 .
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo lagf b] zdf ;fdflhs Gofo / lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkg x'g ;Qm} g . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo lagf b] zdf g t lbuf] zflGtsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsG5 g t nf] stflGqs u0ftGq g} lbuf] x'g ;Qm5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] x/ ] s k|sf/ sf lx+;fx¿ ck/ fw xf] / of] dfgj clwsf/ sf] xgg\ xf] . JolQmut txb] lv gLltut tx;Dd / x] sf] lje] bk"0f{ Pjd\ lkQ[;QfTds d"NodfGotf, ;f] r / wf/ 0ff dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] sf/ s tTj xf] . jt{dfg ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts d"No / dfGotfsf] cf8df dlxnfdfly x'g] h:tf] ;'s} cdfgjLo / lje] bk"0f{ Jojxf/ nfO{ klg 9fs5f] k ug] { ul/ G5 . kmn:j¿k dlxnfsf] cfˆgf] z/ L/ dfly cfˆgf] lgoGq0f 5} g . of} g tyf k|hgg\ clwsf/ dlxnfnfO{ k|fKt x'g ;s] sf] 5} g .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
15
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
15
^$ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ cfˆgf] 3/ leq cfkmGt} af6 kLl8t ePsf] o; jif{sf] cWoogn] b] vfPsf] 5 . cGt/ f{li6«o:t/ df dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf af/ ] df rrf{ ug{ yflnPsf] nfdf] ;do ePsf] ePtf klg dlxnf lx+;f cGTo ug{sf nflu ;/ sf/ nfO{ lhDd] jf/ agfpg] sfo{ eg] Tolt ;kmn b] lvGg . ;/ sf/ cGt/ f{li6«o:t/ df k|lta4 b] lvP klg b] zdf tL k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ Jojxf/ df ptfg{ c;kmn / x] sf] o; k':tsdf k|sflzt dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] ljZn] if0fn] b] vfpF5 . oBlk s] xL ;sf/ fTds sfdx¿ eg] gePsf xf] Ogg\ . 3/ ] n' lx+;f lj?4sf] P] g -@)^^_ / 3/ ] n' lx+;f lgodfjnL -@)^&_ tyf @)^& ;fnnfO{ æn} +lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] jif{Æ egL ul/ Psf] 3f] if0ffnfO{ log} pknlJwsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . g] kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] lg/ Gt/ bafj / k} / jL tyf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifx¿sf] @$ lbg] ef] s x8tfn, æsfnf] k] l6sf] 6Æ k|bz{gL u/ L ul/ Psf] bafjd'ns sfo{qmdsf] pknlAwsf ¿kdf / x] sf oL sfg'g tyf gLltx¿ 3f] if0ff ePtf klg kLl8t dlxnfx¿n] ;xof] u / Gofo kfpg' cem} æcfsfz sf] kmn cfFvf t/ L d/ Æ ePsf] 5 . 3/ ] n' lx+;f lj?4sf] sfg'g cfPtf klg To;df ePsf q'l6x¿sf sf/ 0f To;nfO{ k|of] u u/ L Gofok|fKt ug] { cfwf/ lkmtnf] 5 . 3/ ] n' lx+;f lj?4sf] -ck'/ f] _ sfg'g tyf cGo sfg'gx¿sf] k|of] u u/ L ck/ fwLnfO{ s] xL xb;Dd ;hfo lbg ;lsg] cj:yf ePtf klg sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug] { lgsfoleq / x] sf] lkt[;QfTds d'No / dfGotfsf sf/ 0f w] / } dlxnfx¿n] o;sf] pkof] u ul/ Gofo kfPsf 5} gg\ . sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug] { txdf / x] sf JolQmx¿sf] ;f] r / Jojxf/ sf sf/ 0f w] / } dlxnfx¿ cfkm"dfly ePsf] lx+;f btf{ ug{ ;Sb} gg\ . btf{ u/ ] kl5 cfjZos kg] { ;xof] u -;'/ lIft jf;, ufF; / ;'/ Iff_ sf] cefjn] btf{ ug] { sfo{ yk hl6n ag] sf] 5 . s] xL ;fx;L dlxnfx¿n] 36gf btf{ u/ L xfn] klg ax';+Vos d'2fx¿ cbfnt k'Ub} gg\ . k|foM h;f] 36gfdf dlxnfnfO{ g} bf] ifL b] vfpg] , dlxnf ePkl5 ;xg' kb{5 eGg] l;sfpg] ul/ G5 . kmn:j¿k dlxnfx¿df ædf} gtfsf] ;+:s[ltsfÆ ljsf; x'g] qmd a9\bf] 5 .
PstGqLo Joj:yfaf6 nf] stflGqs u0ftGqfTds Joj:yfdf k|j] z
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
1616
u/ ] sf] b] zdf dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttf cleofgdf ;+nUg b] zsf %! k|ltzt dlxnf gful/ sx¿ 3/ , kl/ jf/ / ;dfhaf6} lx+;fsf] hf] lvddf / x] sf 5g\ . b] z nf] stflGqs u0ftGqfTds kl/ kfl6df ¿kfGtl/ t ePsf] % jif{ eO{;Sbf klg dlxnfx¿n] nf] stGqsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfPsf 5} gg\ . b] zdf zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmof w] / } cufl8 uPsf] elgPtf klg zflGtsf] nfef+z kfpg' kg{] x¿ cfˆgf] clwsf/ af6 al~rt g} 5g\ . / fhgLlts kl/ jt{g kZrft cfˆgf] cj:yfdf kl/ jt{g cfpF5 / cfˆgf clwsf/ x¿ ;'lglZrt x'G5g\ eGg] df ljZjf; lnPsf dlxnfx¿ cem klg cfˆgf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g] kvf{O{df g} 5g\ . o;y{ o; k|ltj] bgn] Psk6s km] l/ kl/ jt{gk|lt k|lta4 ;+j] bgzLn / fhg} lts kf6L{x¿ / ;/ sf/ nfO{ cfkm"n] u/ ] sf sfo{x¿sf] ;dLIff ug{ / dfgj clwsf/ nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{] k|lta4tf cg'¿ksf] Jojxf/ ug{ 3R3Rofpg] 5 .
o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf] ljZn] if0fn] dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fk|lt ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿nfO{ hjfkmb] xL / pQ/ bfoL aGgsf nflu k|] l/ t ub{5 . o; cWoog k|ltj] bgn] xfn ;Dd g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / n} lËs ;dfgtfsf nflu u/ ] sf sfo{x¿sf] ;dLIff ug{ / cfufdL lbgdf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f lj?4 plrt sfg'g, gLlt lgod, of] hgf lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu cfjZos kxnx¿sf af/ ] df uDeL/ eP/ ;f] Rgsf nflu ;d] t d2t ub{5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; nfu] s] f 5 .
cGTodf, o; cWoog k|ltj] bgdf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;faf/ ] hfgsf/ L lbO{ dlxnf cfGbf] ngnfO{ ;zQm kfg{ phf{ yKg'x'g] ;a} df d xflb{s awfO{ tyf s[t1tf 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' .
8f= / ] 0f' / fhe08f/ L;+:yfks cWoIf, cf] / ] s g] kfn
www.wore
cnep
al.org
17
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
17
sfo{ut kl/efiff
dlxnfdfly x'g] u/ ] sf lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿ ljleGg 5g\ . lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿nfO{ & efudf juL{s/ 0f u/ L ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] 5 .
s_ lx+;fsf k|sf/
3/]n' lx+;f 3/ leq kl/ jf/ sf Ps ;b:oaf6 cGo ;b:odfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfnfO{ 3/ ] n' lx+;fleq ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . >Ldfg\ tyf kl/ jf/ sf cGo ;b:ox¿af6 ePsf zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s / cfly{s ¿kdf……. . o:tf] lx+;fleq s'6lk6, ax'ljjfx, 3/ lgsfnf, uflnunf} h, efjgfTds rf] 6 k'¥ofpg] sfo{ tyf ljleGg 8/ , qf; b] vfO{ ePsf dfgl;s lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .
;fdflhs lx+;fdlxnf a;] s] f ;dfhsf JolQmx¿af6 ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs lx+;fleq ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . ;fdflhs lx+;fleq ljz] ifu/ L af] S;Lsf] cf/ f] kdf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿, 5'jf5't, afnljjfx, bfO{hf] sf sf/ 0fn] ePsf lx+;fx¿, dlxnfdfly ;dfhsf JolQmx¿af6 ;fdflhs / dfgl;s c;/ kf/ ] sf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .
of}lgs l+x;fdlxnfsf] O{R5f ljk/ Lt ha/ h:tL of} g cª\ux¿ tyf ;+j] bglzn cx¿df 5'g] , ;'D;'Dofpg] , cZnLn zAbx¿sf] k|of] u ug{] , lh:sfpg] , cZnLn lrq, b[Zo jf lkmNdx¿ b] vfpg] h:tf 36gfx¿nfO{o; k|ltj] bgdf of} lgs lx+;fleq / flvPsf 5g\ .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
1818
anfTsf/anfTsf/ , ;fd"lxs anfTsf/ / anfTsf/ sf] k|of;nfO{ anfTsf/ sf] kl/ efiffleq ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . o;df dlxnfnfO{ nnfO{kmsfO{ jf ha/ h:tL zlQm k|of] u u/ L ePsf anfTsf/ sf 36gfx¿nfO{ o;df ;dfj] z ul/ Psf 5g\ .
a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/bf;tf, afWofTds >d -aFw'jf dhb'/ L jf C0fL agfOPsf JolQmx¿sf] >dnufot_ / bf;tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ sf nflu s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ 8/ , wfs b] vfO{, hfnem] n u/ L jf zlQm/kbsf] b'¿kof] u u/ L sfddf nufpg'÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ ug'{÷Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{] 7fpFdf n} hfg' jf n} hfgsf nflu ;xof] u ug'{ jf cf>o lbg' jf c?åf/ f To:tf] sfdsf] lglDt ;xof] u k|fKt ug'{ a] rlavg xf] . a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ tyf a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ sf] nflu k|of; ePsf 36gfx¿nfO{ o;df ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .
xTofxTofleq dlxnfnfO{ dg;fok"j{s ljleGg tj/ af6 dfl/ Psf tyf dfg{] k|of; ul/ Psf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;d] l6Psf] 5 .
cGockx/ 0f, cnkq÷ j] kQf, cfTdxTofsf 36gfx¿nfO{ o;df / flvPsf] 5 .
v_ k|efljt÷kL8ssf] j}jflxs l:ylt o; cGtu{t ljjflxt, cljjflxt, Psn, 5'l§P/ a;] sf] , ;Fu} a;] s] f / kf/ kfr's] nfO{ ;d] l6Psf] 5 .
u_ k|efljt÷kL8ssf ;d"xx¿ lognfO{ lgDglnlvt ;d"xx¿df afFl8Psf] 5 .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
19
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
19
kxf8] hghflt M hghflt u'?Ë, du/ , / fO{, lnDa', ls/ fFt, yfdL, 5gTofn, tfdfË, z] kf{, nfdf, ef] 6] , g] jf/ , lh/ ] n, ysfnL, / fp6] , r] kfª, s';'G8f, bg'jf/ , cflb .
t/fO{ hghflt M yf?, / fhj+zL, tfhk'l/ of, u+ufO{, l;+x, wfg's, lwdfn, ;Gyfn, d'G8f, ;tf/ , emfFu8, bg'jf/ , ls;fg, sf] r] cflb .
t/fO{ blnt M rdf/ , xl/ hg, / fd, d';x/ , b';fw, kf;jfg, kf;L, tTdf, vTj] , wf] aL, ;/ bf/ , lrldbf/ , 8f] d, xNvf] / , s';jflbof, sn/ , vflts, sf] O/ L cflb .
kxf8] blnt M bdfO{, sfdL, ;fsL{, 9f] nL, ufO{g] , jfbL cflb .
t/fO{ u}/ blnt M ofbj, t] nL, u'Ktf, sfdt, dnfxf, dxtf] , ;fx, 7fs'/ , / fhe/ , dfnL, s'dL{, xnjfO{, s] jt, g'lgof, sx/ , w] l8of/ , wlgof, nf] wf, xhfd, cflb .
a|fXd0f
If]qL
3_ k|efljt÷kL8ssf] k]zfx¿ s[lif, 3/ fo;L sfd, dhb'/ L, Joj;fo, cgf} krfl/ s If] qdf sfo{/ t, u} / ;/ sf/ L hflu/ , ;/ sf/ L hflu/ , ;fdflhs ;] jf, j} b] lzs / f] huf/
ª_ k|efljtnfO{ k/]sf] c;/x¿zf/ Ll/ s c;/ , dfgl;s c;/ , cfly{s c;/ , ;fdflhs c;/
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
2020
r_ k|efljt÷kL8ssf] pd]/!^ jif{eGbf d'lg!^ b] lv @% jif{;Dd@^ b] lv #% jif{;Dd#^ b] lv $% jif{;Dd$^ b] lv %% jif{;Dd%^ jif{eGbf dfly
www.wore
cnep
al.org
21
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
21
sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z
kl/ro“cGj]ifL”sf] of] cÍ dlxnf k'gM:yf{kgf s] Gb| -cf] / ] s g] kfnn] _ @))* ;fnb] lv x/ ] s ;fn "dlxnf lx+;f lj?4sf] jif{ k':ts" k|sfzg ug{] qmdsf] lg/ Gt/ tf xf] . dlxnfdfly eO{/ x] s] f lx+;fsf] l:ylt;DaGwL oyf{ytfnfO{ k|:t't ug{] d'Vo p2] Zon] o; k':ts tof/ ul/ Psf] 5 .
o; k':tsdf h'nfO{ @)!! b] lv h'g @)!@ ;Dd cf] / ] s g] kfndfclen] vLs/ 0f -;Íng_ ul/ Psf hDdf !%*! j6f dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] lj:t[t ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] 5 . To;} u/ L / fli6«o kqklqsfx¿df k|sflzt ePsf hDdf #(* j6f1 dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] 5'§} ljZn] if0f klg o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .
o; k':tsn] ;du| dlxnfdflyeO/ x] sf] lx+;fsf] :j¿kx¿, lx+;fn] dlxnfsf] hLjgdf kf/ ] sf k|efjx¿sf] oyfy{tfnfO{ k|:t't ug] { hdsf] { u/ ] sf] 5 . o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z u/ LPsf dlxnf lj?4 eO/ x] sf lx+;fsf ljZn] if0fn] ;/ f] sf/ jfnx¿ / xfdL;a} nfO{ dlxnflj?4 x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTosfnflu cfjZos kxnx¿ tyf sfo{x¿sf af/ ] df uDeL/ eP/ ;f] Rg / To;nfO{ Jojxf/ df nfu" ug{ k|] l/ t ug] {5 eGg] cf] / ] s g] kfnsf] ck] Iff 5 .
36gf ;Íng ul/Psf If]qx¿
o; k':tsdf h'nfO{ @)!! b] lv h'g @)!@ ;Dd dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifs -d=df=c=/ _ / clen] vgstf{x¿af6 36gfsf] clen] vLs/ 0f u/ L cf] / ] s g] kfnsf] tYofÍ zfvfdf cfPsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . g] kfnsf % j6} ljsf; If] qdf
1 sflGtk'/ b}lgs, cGgk"0f{ kf]i6, uf]/vfkq, g]kfn ;dfrf/ kq, gful/s The Himalayan Times, The Kathmandu Post, Republica gf]6 M ;+:yfn] k|ToIf ¿df clen]vLs/0f u/]sf 36gfx?nfO{ ;+rf/ cg'udgdf
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
2222
dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] clen] vLs/ 0f tyf ljZn] if0f u/ L o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .
cWoogaf6 k|fKt glthfx¿ ;ª\If]kdf
!= ljsf; If]qdfdlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf] cj:yf;+:yfn] clen] vLs/ 0f u/ ] sf] hDdf !%*! j6f 36gfx¿sf] ljZn] if0f ubf{ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ ;a} eGbf a9L k"jf{~rnaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o; jif{ k"jf{~rnaf6 ^$Ü, dWodf~rnaf6 !*Ü, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn / dWoklZrdf~rnaf6 (÷(Ü / klZrdf~rnaf6 ! k|ltzt dlxndfly ePsf] lx+;fsf 36gfx¿;Íng ul/ Psf] 5 .
To;} u/ L ;+rf/ dfWodsf cg';f/ o; jif{ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿df k"jf{~rnaf6 @*Ü, dWoklZrdf~rnaf6 !^Ü, klZrdf~rnaf6 !@Ü, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnaf6 *Ü / k|efljtsf] :yfg v'Ng g;s] sf] % k|ltzt 36gfx¿ ;+rf/ dfWodn] k|zf;g u/ ] s] f 5g\ .
@= lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿
s_ 3/]n' lx+;f o; jif{ k|fKt hDdf !%*! j6f 36gfx¿nfO{ ljZn] if0f ubf{
;a} eGbf a9L dlxnfx¿ 3/ ] n' lx+;faf6 k|efljt ePsf] k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKttYofÍsf cfwf/ df o; jif{ ̂ $ k|ltzt -!%*! hgf lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿dWo] !)!( hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly 3/ ] n' lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . xfd|f] ;fdflhs ;+/ rgf, ljBdfg\ c;dfg zlQm ;DaGw / sltko ?9LjfbL ;f] rsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿ lbgx'F cfkm\gf elgg] JolQmx¿af6} lx+;fsf] rk] 6fdf kb} {5g\ . dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ug{] kL8sx¿dWo] ;a} eGbf a9L lx+;f ug{] kL8s cfkm\g} >Ldfg\ / 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿ / x] sf 5g\ . &(Ü dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} >Ldfg\af6 / @!Ü dlxnfx¿ 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿af6 lx+;fdf k/ ] sf o; jif{sf] tYofÍn]
www.wore
cnep
al.org
23
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
23
b] vfPsf] 5 . o;/ L 3/ ] n' lx+;f vKg afWo dlxnfx¿dWo] @^–#% jif{pd] / ;d"xsf#(Üdlxnfx¿ / x] sf 5g\ eg] $)Ü;fIf/ dlxnfx¿3/ ] n' lx+;faf6 kLl8t / x] sf] tYofÍn] b] vfPsf] 5 .
v_ ;fdflhs lx+;f 3/ ] n'lx+;f kZrft\ ;a} eGbf a9L dlxnfx¿dfly ;fdflhs ¿kdf
lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . cyf{t dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fx¿dWo] ;fdflhs lx+;f bf] ;|f] :yfgdf / x] sf] 5 . o; jif{ !^Ü -!%*! dWo] @%!hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly ;fdflhs lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . To;df *$% l5d] sLaf6, !)Ü ;fyLaf6 / ^Ü ;DaGw gePsf dflg;x¿af6 dlxnfx¿dfly ;fdflhs lx+;f ePsf] 5 .;fdflhs lx+;faf6 k|efljt dlxnfx¿ dWo] %!Ü dlxnfx¿ ;fIf/ / x] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
u_ anfTsf/ k|fKt tYofÍsf cfwf/ df o; jif{ ^Ü dlxnfx¿ anfTs[t
-!!) hgf_ ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 eg] #Ü -#^ hgf_dlxnfx¿dfly anfTsf/ sf] k|of; ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . anfTsf/ sf 36gfdf %Ü dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} >Ldfg\af6, ^Ü ;fyLaf6, !^ Ü ;DaGw gePsf JolQmaf6 lx+;fdf k/ ] sf] , !^ Ü dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿af6 / %&Ü dlxnfdfly l5d] sLaf6} anfTsf/ ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . k|fylds tx;Dd cWoog u/ ] sf @%Üdlxnfx¿dfly anfTsf/ sf 36gf ePsf] kfO{of] eg] ;a} eGbf a9L -$@Ü_anfTsf/ sf 36gfx¿ !^ jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx¿df x'g] u/ ] sf] tYofÍ kfO{Psf] 5 . k|fylds txdf cWoog/ t -#@Ü_ / !^ jif{ d'lgsf -$@Ü_ aflnsfx¿df anfTsf/ sf 36gf a9L ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
3_ of}lgs lx+;f o; jif{ $Ü -^# hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly of} lgs lx+;f ePsf]
kfO{Psf] 5 . h;dWo] ;a} eGbf a9L -$#Ü_of} lgs lx+;fsf
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
2424
36gfx¿ dlxnfn] ;fyL 7fg] sf / k|] d ;DaGw ePsf JolQmx¿af6} ePsf 5g\ . To:f} u/ L@&Ü l5d] sLaf6, !&Ü s'g} klg ;DaGw gePsf JolQm / !# Ü dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿af6 lx+;fdf k/ ] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . ;fIf/ dlxnfx¿dfly -#)Ü_ / !^–@% jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf -%(Ü_ dlxnfx¿dfly of} lgs lx+;fa9L ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
ª_ xTof k|fKt tYofÍsf cfwf/ df @% -@*hgf_dlxnfx¿sf] xTof ePsf]
5 eg] !Ü -!*hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly xTofsf] k|of; ePsf] 5 . %)%>Ldfg\af6, @^Ü, kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿af6, !%% l5d] sLaf6 / $Ü ;DaGw gePsf] JolQmaf6 dlxnfx¿sf] xTof ul/ Psf] 5 . ;fIf/ #(Ü dlxnfx¿ / !^–#% jif{ pd] / sf] dlxnfx¿sf] xTofa9L ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
r_ a]rlavg @%-@%hgf_ dlxnfx¿ o; jif{ a] rlavgdf k/ ] sf] kfO{Psf]
5 eg] !Ü -*hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly a] rlavgsf] k|of; ePsf] kfOof] . dlxnfn] ;fyL dfg] sf JolQmaf6 $#%, s'g} klg ;DaGw gePsf] JolQmaf6 @$ Ü, l5d] sLaf6 @!Ü, kl/ jf/ sf] ;b:oaf6 (Ü, / >Ldfg\af6 #Ü dlxnfx¿ o:tf] lx+;fdf k/ ] sf] kfOof] . ;fIf/ dlxnfx¿ $%Ü / !^–@% jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf $( Ü dlxnfx¿ a] rlavgdf a9L kg{] u/ ] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
5_ cGo dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;f t/ yf] / } ;+Vofdf clen] vLs/ 0f ePsf
36gfx¿nfO{ cGo ;d"xdf / fvLljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] xf] . o; ;d"xsf 36gfx¿df cfTdxTof, dlxnfnfO{ j] kQf agfO{Psf 36gf / kl/ jf/ s} ;b:oaf6 cnkq cj:yfdf 5f] l8Psf dlxnfx¿sf] 36gfnfO{ / flvPsf] 5 . o; jif{ !@ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] cfTdxTof u/ ] sf] , @ hgf dlxnfx¿ j] kQf agfO{Psf
www.wore
cnep
al.org
25
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
25
/ ( hgf dlxnfx¿ 3/ kl/ jf/ s} ;b:ox¿åf/ f cnkq cj:yfdf kl/ Psf] kfOPsf] ] 5 .
#= pd]/ ;d"x / dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fk|fKt tYofÍsf] cfwf/ df o; jif{ ;a} eGbf a9L !^–@% jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿ lx+;fdf kfl/ Psf] ] kfO{Psf] 5 . o; ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿df #%Ü lx+;f ePsf] 5 . o:t} ul/ @^–#% jif{ pd] / ;d"xdf ##Ü, #^–$% jif{ pd] / ;d"xdf !^Ü, !^ jif{ d'lgsf aflnsfdf &Ü, $^–%% jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf dlxnfdf %Ü / %^ jif{ eGbfa9L pd] / ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿df $Ü lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
$ lzIff / dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fdlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / k|efljtsf] lzIffsf] :t/ nfO{ ljZn] if0f ubf{ &*Ü ;fIf/ dlxnfx¿dfly ;a} eGbf a9L lx+;f ePsf] kfOof] ] . lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿dWo] @@Ülg/ If/ dlxnfx¿ / x] sf] kfOof] . dlxnfsf] ;fIf/ tfsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;d] t ljZn] if0f u/ L x] bf{ $&Ü k|f} 9 lzIff, !(Ü pRrdfWolds tx;Dd cWoog u/ ] sf, !%Ü k|fylds tx;Dd cWoog u/ ] sf, !$Ü dfWolds tx;Dd cWoog u/ ] sf / %Ü pRr dfWolds txeGbf a9L cWoog u/ ] sf dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] kfOof] .
%= j}jflxs cj:yf / dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fdlxnfdfly ePsf] lx+;f / dlxnfsf] j} jflxs cj:yfnfO{ ljZn] if0f ubf{ lx+;fk|efljt dlxnfx¿df ;a} eGbf a9L -*)Ü_ ljjflxt dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . !$% cljjflxt dlxnfx¿df, $Ü Psn dlxnfx¿df / @Ü >Ldfg\;Fu 5'l§P/ a;] sf dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] kfO{of] . dlxnfx¿ a9L 3/ ] n'lx+;faf6 k|efljt 5g\ / ;a} eGbf a9L dlxnfx¿dfly ljjfx kZrft\ >Ldfg\åf/ f lx+;f x'g] xF'bf+ klg ljjflxt dlxnfx¿dfly ePsf] lx+;fsf] ;+Vof a9L ePsf] xf] .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
2626
^= k]zf / dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fs'g k] zfdf ;+nUg slt dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] 5 elg o; jif{ k|fKt tYofÍsf cfwf/ df ljZn] if0f ubf{ s[lif k] zfdf ;+nUg dlxnfx¿dfly ;a} eGbf a9L lx+;f ePsf] kfO{of] . lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿dWo] $$Ü dlxnfx¿ s[lif k] zfdf ;+nUg / x] sf, @!Ü dlxnfx¿ 3/ fo;L sfddf, !@Ü dlxnfx¿ dhb'/ Ldf, !)Ü dlxnfx¿ Joj;fodf cfa4 / x] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . To;} u/ L s'g} klg sfo{df ;+nUg gePsf ̂ Ü dlxnfx¿, cgf} rfl/ s If] qdf sfo{/ t @Ü dlxnfx¿, / ;/ sf/ L If] qdf sfo{/ t, j} b] lzs / f] huf/ L, u} / ;/ sf/ L If] qdf sfo{/ t / ;fdflhs ;] jf ug{] dlxnfx¿df a/ fa/ -!-!Ü_ lx+;f ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
&= dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf c;/x¿lx+;fsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿dfly k/ ] sf c;/ nfO{ o; k':tsdf$ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/ L ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] 5 . dlxnfx¿dfly s'g} klg k|sf/ sf] lx+;f x'Fbf ;a} eGbf a9L -%@Ü_ dfgl;s c;/ k/ ] sf] kfOof] . @)% dlxnfx¿nfO{ zf/ Ll/ s c;/ k/ ] sf] , !*Ü dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs c;/ / !)Ü dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfly{s c;/ k/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
*= hftLotfsf cfwf/df dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fdlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf ljleGg k|sf/ x¿ / dlxnfsf] hftLotfsf cfwf/ df ljZn] if0f ubf{ o; jif{ ;a} eGbf a9L kxf8] hghflt / To;kl5 If] qL dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] kfOof] . lx+;f k|efljt s"n dlxnfdWo] @(Ü kxf8] hghflt, !%Ü If] qL, !%Ü t/ fO{ hghflt, , !#Ü a|fXd0f, !)Ü t/ fO{ u} / blnt, (Ü kxf8] blnt, &Ü t/ fO{ blnt / @Ü d'l:nd dlxnfx¿ / x] sf 5g\ .
!)= kL8s / k|efljtsf] ;DaGwdlxnfsf] kL8s;Fu / x] sf] ;DaGwsf] cfwf/ df ljZn] if0f ubf{ dlxnfdfly ;a} eGbf a9L lx+;f ug{] -%#Ü_>Ldfg\ ePsf] kfOof] . To:f} u/ L @)Ü dlxnfx¿cfkm" a;] s} ;dfhsf l5d] sLaf6 lx+;fdf k/ ] sf] kfOof] . !*Ükl/ jf/ sf;b:o ,%Ü ;fyLaf6 / $Ü ;DaGw gePsf JolQmx¿af6 dlxnfdfly lx+;f ePsf] kfOof] .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
kl/R5]b !
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
28
!=! k[i7e"ld
"dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f ;fj{hlgs jf lghL hLjgdf lnËsf cfwf/df x'g] lx+;fhGo sfo{ xf] , h;n] dlxnfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, of}ghGo jf dfgl;s Iflt jf kL8f k'¥ofpF5 jf k'¥ofpg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . o;cGt/ut To:tf] sfo{ ug{] wDsL, bafj / :j]R5frf/L ¿kdf
dlxnfsf] :jtGqtfdf aGb]h ug{] sfo{;d]t kb{5 ."2
"dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f dlxnf ePs} sf/ 0fn] dlxnfdfly ul/ g] ;Dk"0f{lje] bk"0f{ Jojxf/ x¿nfO{ hgfpF5 . o; kl/ efiffn] dlxnf ePs} sf/ 0fn] dlxnfdfly x'g] zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s / of} ghGo lx+;f, tyf 8/ , qf;, wDsL b] vfOg'sf ;fy} cGo clwsf/ x¿af6 al~rt u/ fOg] lqmofsnfkx¿ ;d] t hgfpFb5 ."3
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ljZjJofkL ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf / x] sf] 5 . g] kfndf klg of] ;d:of a9\bf] 5 . of] jif{dfq !%*! hgf dlxnfx¿ ljleGg lx+;fx¿ vKg afWo ePsf] cf] / ] s g] kfndf cfPsf 36gfx¿n] b] vfpFb5g\ . of] tYofÍ ;d:ofsf] cg'kftdf w] / } sd 5 .b] zdf w] / } dlxnfx¿ ljleGg k|sf/ sf si6 / oftgfx¿vKb} vt/ fk"0f{ hLjg latfpg afWo 5g\ . t/ pgLx¿n] cfkm"dfly ePsf lx+;fx¿ aflx/ Nofpg ;s] sf 5} gg\ . g] kfn ljZj dfgjlrqdf dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍsf b[li6n] !%& cf} + :yfgdf / n} lÍs c;dfgtf ;"rsfÍdf (Gender Inequality Index_ !!# cf+} :yfgdf / x] sf] 5 .4
g] kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] of] cj:yfn] ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtfdf
2 dlxnflj?4sf] lx+;f pGd'ng ug{] ;DaGwL 3f]if0ffkq, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3 !((# 3 CEDAW General Recommendation No. 19, llth session, 19924 o" Pg 8L kL, dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg @)!!
kl/R5]b !M kl/ro
www.wore
cnep
al.org
29
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
29
ljZjf; / fVg] x/ ] s g] kfnLnfO{ lrlGtt agfPsf] 5 .
b] z / fhgLlts ¿kn] nf] stflGqs k|0ffnLtkm{ ¿kfGtl/ t x'g] qmddf 5 t/ b] zdf;fdflhs, cfly{s ;+/ rgf; ;dfhdf h/ f] uf8] / / x] sf] lkQ[;QfTds d"NodfGotf, ;f] r, wf/ 0ff; tyfcGwlaZjf;df cfwfl/ t ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;+qmd0fsfnLg ;/ sf/ åf/ f ;Daf] wg ug{ ;s] sf] 5} g . of] l:yltn] dlxnfx¿dfly yk lx+;f x'g] cfwf/ t} of/ u/ ] sf] 5 . b] zdf a9\b} uPsf] / fhgLltsf] ck/ fwLs/ 0f / ck/ fwssf] / fhgLlts/ 0fn] lx+;f ug{] nfO{ an k'u] s] f 5 . b] zdf a9\b} uPsf] b08xLgtfsf] l:yltn] lx+;f k|efljtn] Gofo kfpg] ;Defjgf lbg lbg} IfL0f xF'b} uPsf] 5 . åGåsfndf ljleGg k|sf/ sf lx+;faf6 kLl8t dlxnfx¿ Gofo kfpg] ;Defjgf lbglbg} sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . / fhg} lts kl/ jt{g kl5 / fhgLltdf dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf a9] sf] 5 . dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{] egL ;/ sf/ åf/ f / fli6«o / cGt/ fli6«o txdf ljleGg k|lta4tfx¿hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ b] zdf h/ f] uf8L/ x] sf] dlxnf k'?ifsf] aLrdf / x] sf] c;dfg zlQm ;DaGw ;Daf] wg x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . cGtl/ d ;+ljwfgåf/ f dlxnfx¿sf] k|hgg\ / of} g clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/ Psf] ePtf klg Jojxf/ df dlxnfx¿n] oL clwsf/ x¿ k|fKt ug{ ;s] sf 5} gg\ . cfkm\gf] z/ L/ dfly pgLx¿sf] cfkm\gf] lgoGq0f 5} g . x/ ] s If] qsf ;+/ rgfx¿df ljBdfg c;dfgtfn] dlxnfdfly lje] b ePsf] 5 . hfltut; ;fdflhs / cfly{s ju{; of} lgs / n} lËs klxrfg; tyf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts / k/ Dk/ fsf cfwf/ df dlxnfdfly lx+;f x'g] ub{5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] lje] bk"0f{ cGTo / ;dfgtfsf nflu lje] bsf ;+/ rgfut sf/ stTjx¿sf] klxrfgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ jt{dfg kl/ j] zdf cfjZos 5 . 5
dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug{] dxf;lGw cGtu{tsf] g]kfnsf] rf}yf] / kfFrf} ;+o'Qm cfjlws k|ltj]bgdfly
5 Report of the Special Rapporteur on violenceagainst women, its causes and consequences,Rashida Manjoo, 2011, UN Human Rights Council
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
3030
dlxnflj?4 e]befj pGd"ng ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
s_ 3/ ] n' lx+;f lgoGq0f P] g / cGo sfg'gx¿sf] k|efjsf/ L sfof{Gjog ;'lglZrt ug{] / To:tf lx+;fsf bf] ifLx¿nfO{ d'2f rnfpg] / ;hfo lbg] .
v_ dlxnflj?4 ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] / fi6«JofkL tYofÍ;Íng k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug{] .
u_ ha{h:tL s/ 0fL / cGo of} ghGo s;"/ df d'2f ug{ cbfntdf dlxnfsf] k|efjsf/ L kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ of} ghGo lx+;fsf d'2f btf{sf] nflu xbDofb ;DaGwL sfg'g vf/ ] h ug{ tTsfn sbd rfNg] .
3_ 3/ ] n' lx+;f tyf of} g lx+;f;DaGwdf k|x/ L, ;/ sf/ L jlsn, cbfnt / cGo ;Da4 ;/ sf/ L lgsfox¿sf cltl/ Qm :jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{ cfjZos tflnd lbg] / blnt ;d'bfo nufotsf ;a} ;d'bfodf vf;u/ L k'?if / afnsx¿nfO{ nlIft u/ L Jofks hgr] tgf clea[l4 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] .
ª_ j}jflxs anfTsf/df ;hfo a9fpg] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] d:of}bf sfg'gnfO{ l9nfO{ gu/L kfl/t u/L nfu" ug{] / o; ;DaGwdf agfOPsf gofF sfg'gL Joj:yfsf ;DaGwdf r]tgf clea[l4 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] .
b] zsf] / fhgLlts cl:y/ tfn] dlxnfdfly lx+;f ug{ an ldn] sf] 5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] x/ ] s k|sf/ sf] lx+;f ck/ fw xf] / of] dfgj clwsf/ sf] pNn3g xf] . ;dfhdf ljBdfg c;dfg zlQm ;DaGw, JofKt ?l9jfbL ;f] r / ;fdflhs d"No dfGotfn] o:tf ck/ fw x'g k|f] T;fxg ub{5 . o:tf 36gfx¿df x'g] / fhgLlts x:tIf] k, kL8snfO{ ;+/ If0f ug{] k|rng, k|efljtnfO{ g} bf] lif b] vfpg]
www.wore
cnep
al.org
31
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
31
;fdflhs ;f] r h:tf s'/ fx¿n] dlxnfdfly yk lx+;f ug{sf nflu an k|bfg ub{5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f lje] bk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;+/ rgfsf] kl/ 0ffd xf] . dlxnfnfO{ lje] b ug{] , kL8f lbg] tTjx¿ 3/ , kl/ jf/ , ;dfh b] lv ;/ sf/ sf ;a} ;+/ rgfx¿df h/ f] ufl8 a;] sf x'G5g\ . To;} n] dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f cGTo x'g] jftfj/ 0fsf] l;h{gf/ o:tf ;+/ rgfx¿df kl/ jt{g lagf ;Dej 5} g . o;sf ;fy} ;dfhdf :yflkt cGwljZjf;, lje] bk"0f{ ?l9jfbL Jojxf/ x¿n] dlxnfdfly lx+;f x'g] jftfj/ 0fnfO{ yk an k'¥ofpF5 .
dlxnfdfly x'g] h:tf] ;'s} cdfgjLo / lje] bk"0f{ Jojxf/ nfO{ klg ;fF:s[lts d"NodfGotfsf gfddf 9fs5f] k ug] { ul/ G5 .6
;f] xL sf/ 0f b] zdf dlxnfnfO{ af] S;Lsf] cf/ f] k nufO{ xTof ug{] , cfFvf lgsfNg] h:tf ljleGg ck/ fwx¿ ul/ Psf 5g\ . dfly eg] em} + o:tf ck/ fwx¿sf] cGTo b] zdf cfd"n / fhg} lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts gLlt Pj+ ;+/ rgfx¿sf kl/ jt{g lagf ;Dej 5} g . o:tf ;+/ rgfx¿df kl/ jt{gsf nflu / fHosf ;a} lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/ g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu / fhg} lts k|lta4tf af] nL / Jojxf/ b'j} df nfu" x'g' cfjZos 5 eg] Jojxf/ df k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf nflu cfjZos kg{] ;xof] uL ;+oGqx¿sf] lj:tf/ ug'{kb{5 . o;/ L t} of/ ul/ Psf ;+oGqx¿df dlxnfsf] ;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ul/ g'kb{5 . To;f] ePdf dfq lx+;fsf ;DaGwdf dlxnfx¿leq / x] sf] "df}gtfsf] ;+:s[lt" cGTo x'g ;Qm5 . lx+;f lgoGq0f ug{ gLlt / of] hgfx¿ agfpg d2t ldNb5 .
cf] / ] s g] kfnåf/ f :yflkt ;xof] uL ;+oGqx¿åf/ f lbOg] ;xof] u / ;] jfsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿df cfkm"dfly ePsf lx+;fx¿sf] lj?4 s] xL xb;Dd "df}gtfsf] ;+:s[lt" e+u ePsf] 5 . of] k':ts dlxnfx¿åf/ fcfkm"dfly ePsf lx+;fx¿sf] ph'/ LnfO{ ljZn] if0f u/ L t} of/ ul/ Psf] xf] . oL ;"rgfx¿n] dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu 6 The Special Rapporteur on violenceagainst women, Yakin Turkey,VAW causes and consequences, UN Human Rights Council
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
3232
cfjZos kg{] Jofjxfl/ s gLlt / ;xof] uL ;+oGq ljsf; ug{] of] hgf agfpg d2t ug{] 5 eGg] ljZjf; ul/ Psf] 5 .
dlxnf lj?4sf] x'g] /f]syfdsf nflu ePsf cGt/fli6«o k|of;x¿dlxnf clwsf/sf] af/]sf] ;a} eGbf klxnf] ;fd'lxs k|of; ;]g]sf kmN; 3f]if0ffkq–!*$* nfO{ lng] ul/G5 . hxfF dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/sf] af/]df ;f] 3f]if0ffkqn] a9L hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 tyfkL ;f] 3f]if0ffkqdf cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] af/]df s]lx dfqfdf cfjfh p7fPsf] kfOG5 . tTkZrft ljZjel/ lgs} w]/} dlxnf clwsf/sld{x¿n] dlxnf clwsf/sf] af/]df cfjfh p7fpb} cfPsf sf/0f ;fd'lxs ¿kdf dlxnf clwsf/sf] cfjfh a'nGb x'b} cfof] . dlxnf clwsf/ eGg] ljlQs} dlxnf lx+;f /f]syfd ePsf]n] dlxnf lx+;fnfO{ /f]syfd ug{sf nflu cGt/fli6«o :t/df 7"nf] k|of; ePsf] 5 . h;df vfzul/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«sf] :yfkgf kZrft o;n] b:tfj]hLs/0fdf al9 dfGotf kfPsf] Oltxf;n] b]vfp5 . vfzul/ dlxnfsf] ;jfn ;DaGwL /fi6« ;+l3o cfof]u -Commission on the Status of Women_, !($% n] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 leq dlxnf clwsf/sf af/]df lgs} 7"nf] of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 . o;n] dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq !($* sf] d:of}bf agfpg] b]lv lnP/ dlxnf lj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd'ng ;DaGwL dxf;GwL !(&( b]lv a]OlhË hf]8 kfrf}+ ;Dd]ng ;DdnfO{ of]ubfg lbPsf] kfOG5 .
dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fsf ;jfndf ;a}eGbf ljz]if cGt/fli6«o b:tfj]h eg]sf] dlxnf lj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd'ng ;DaGwL dxf;GwL !(&*-CEDAW_ xf], h;n] dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;jfndf ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / kl/k"0f{ ug{sf ;a}eGbf a9L hf]8 lbG5 . o;n] dlxnf clwsf/sf ;jfndf s]an dlxnf lx+;f tyf lje]bsf af/]df dfq s'/f ub}{g ls o;n] ;a} k|sf/sf dlxnf dfly x'g] e]befjnfO{ pGd'ng ug{sf nflu cGt/fli6«o ¿kdf jsfnt ub{5 ;fy} ;a} kIf
www.wore
cnep
al.org
33
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
33
/fi6«x¿nfO{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu afWosf/L ub{5 .
o; dxf;GwLn] dlxnf / k'?if ljrsf] lje]bnfO{ jf:tljs ;dfgtfdf hf]8 lbG5 . sfg"gL ¿kdf dfq lje]bsf] cGteGbf klg sfg"gsf ;fy;fy} jf:tljs ;dfgtfdf jsfnt o; dxf;GwLn] ub{5 . wf/f $ n] dlxnf / k'?if ljrsf] jf:tljs ;dfgtfnfO{ a9fpg kIf /fi6«x¿4f/f rflnPsf c:yfoL ljz]if pkfox¿nfO{ of] dxf;GwLdf kl/eflift ul/Psf] e]befj dflgg] 5}g t/ o;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k pTkGg ePsf c;dfgtf tyf km/s :t/x¿nfO{ s'g} xfntn] klg sfod /fVg' cfjZos x'g] 5}g, ;dfg cj;/ / ;dfg Jojxf/ k|fKt ug]{ p4]Zox¿ xfl;n e};s]kl5 lt pkfox¿nfO{ /f]lsg]5g\ elg JofVof u/]af6 jf:tjdf dlxnfx¿sf clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu k'?if ;/xsf] :t/df k'/\ofpgsf nflu c;dfgtfsf cfwf/df k|s[of cufl8 a9fP/ eP klg dlxnf / k'?ifsf] :t/ ;dfg k'/\ofOg] 5 eGg] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 .
l;8f] sldl6n] klg ;a} kIf /fi6«x¿nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ qmddf xfn e}/x]sf ;a} k|sf/sf dlxnf lj?4sf lx+;f /f]syfd ug{sf nflu lglZrt /fli6«o of]hgf agfO{ ;f] nflu pko'Qm tl/sfn] sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu lglZrt ;+/rgfx¿ :yfkgf ug]{ / lt ;+/rgfx¿n] sfo{ u/]gu/]sf] plrt cg'udgsf] k|s[ofåf/f ;lx tl/sfn] sfof{Gjog ug{df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f /f]syfdsf nflu tof/ kfl/g] of]hgfdf dlxnf lx+;fsf] ljleGg ¿kx¿df 3/]n' lx+;f, ha/h:tLs/0fL, a]rljvg nufPtsf ¿kx¿nfO{ /f]syfd ug{ cem k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .
l;8f] sldl6n] kfl/t u/]sf] ;fwf/0f l;kmfl/; g+ !( df dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fnfO{ lnËdf cfwfl/t lje]b elg kl/efiff u/]sf] 5 h;df lnËdf cfwfl/t lx+;f eg]sf] Tof] lje]b xf] hxfF dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/nfO{ k'?if;/x :jtGq ¿kdf pkef]u ug{ gkfpg'
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
3434
xf] . ;f]lx l;kmfl/; g+ !( df clwsf/ / :jtGqttf eg]sf hLjg, :jtGqtf / ;'/Iff, oftgfaf6 d'Qm, ;dfg ;+/If0f, sfdsf] clwsf/, kfl/jfl/s clwsf/ cflb x'g eg]sf] 5 . lo clwsf/x¿ :jtGq ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ kfpg' g} dlxnfsf] g};lu{s xs xf] / of] g} dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f pGd'ngsf] ;a}eGbf pQd k|of]u xf] .
dlxnf ;DalGw rf}yf] a]OlhË ;Dd]ng !((% n] a]OlhË Kn]6kmfd{ ckm PS;g kfl/t ul/ dlxnf lj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;fx¿nfO{ pGd'ng ug{sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ txdf e}/x]sf lje]bx¿sf ;jfndf lglZrt sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ / ltgnfO{ nfu' ug{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . o;n] kIf /fi6«x¿nfO{ dlxnf lj?4 e}/x]sf ;a} k|sf/sf e]befjx¿nfO{ pGd'ng ug{sf nflu bjfj k/]sf] 5 eg] cfh;Dd cfO{k'Ubf sfof{Gjogsf] ;jfndf geP klg sfg"g lgdf{0f aGg] txdf eg] lgs} k|ult ePsf] klg 5 .
a]OlhË 3f]if0ffkqn] dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fsf] af/]df eg]sf] 5 ls dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f ;du| ;dfgtf, zfGtL tyf ljsf;sf] afws ag]sf] 5 . dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fn] dlxnfsf ;du| dfgj clwsf/ tyf df}lns :jtGqtfdfly g} wfjf af]ln/x]sf] 5 .
dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f lgoGq0fsf nflu ePsf /fli6«o k|of;x¿g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !# / @) n] qmdzM ;dfgtfsf] xs / dlxnfsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xsdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . dlxnfsf lj?4 ul/g] e]befj b08gLo x'g], 5f]/f5f]/Lsf ljr k}lqs ;DklQdf a/fa/ xs nfUg] clwsf/nfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To;}ul/ d'n'sL P]gsf ljleGg lzif{sx¿df dlxnf ;dfgtfsf af/]df sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . c+za08fsf] dxn, nf]Ug]:jf:gLsf] dxn, ljjfxjf/Lsf] dxn, ha/h:tLs/0fLsf] dxn nufPtdf dlxnf lj?4 x'g] lx+;f, dlxnf / k'?if ljr ul/g] lje]bxsf] cGt tyf dlxnfsf clwsf/nfO{ yk ;'/lIft ug{sf nflu
www.wore
cnep
al.org
35
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
35
sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f P]g @)^$ tyf lgodfjnL, 3/]n' lx+;f -lgoGq0f / /f]syfd_ P]g @)^^ tyf lgodfjnL dlxnf lj?4 lx+;f /f]syfdsf nflu NofOPsf pbfx/0fLo sfo{ x'g .
kl5Nnf] k6s g]kfn ;/sf/n] dlxnf lj?4 xg] lx+;f lgoGq0f ug{ s]lx ;sf/fTds sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf] u7g b]lv cnUu} dlxnf dGqfno nufPtsf ;+u7gfTds sfo{x¿sf cnfjf sfg"g, gLlt lgdf{0fx¿df klg ;sf/fTds sbd rfn]sf] kfOG5 . lnËdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf af/]df /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf tof/ kfl/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)!) nfO{ n}lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] aif{ 3f]if0ff ul/ o;nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] lyof] .
To;} sfo{of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf k|wfgdGqL sfof{no cGt/ut /xg] ul/ n}lËs lje]b ;DaGwL OsfO{ :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 o;n] /fli6«o :t/df gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug{sf ;fy} ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;+Uf klg ;xsfo{ ul/ lnËsf cfwf/df ul/g] eb]efjnfO{ cGTo ug{ cufl8 al9 /x]sf] 5 . To;}ul/ dfgj a]rljvg ljzif ul/ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿sf] a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lj?4sf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf @)^* cufl8 NofO{ sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .
dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f dWo]sf] Ps 7"nf] ;d:of dlxnf a]rljvgsf] ;jfn clxn] hNbf]aNbf] ¿kdf cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . ljZjsf] cfs8fn] klg ck/flws sf/f]af/ dWo]sf] dfgj a]rljvg ;a}eGbf al9 x'g] u/]sf] b]vfp5 eg] g]kfndf klg dlxnf a]rljvgsf] ;jfn hl6n ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . clxn] ljleGg axfgfdf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿nfO{ ef/t nufPt t];|f] b]zdf n}hfg] k|a[lQ a9]sf] 5 . a}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] gfddf, ljleGg sfddf nufO{lbg] gfddf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ clxn] a]rljvgsf] lzsf/ e}/x]sf 5g\ . o;}
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
3636
;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f P]g @)^$ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 . o;n] cGo sfg"geGbf s8fO{ tyf leGg tl/sfn] sfo{ljlw klg lgwf{/0f u/]sf]n] ;s];Dd cleo'QmnfO{ xb};Ddsf] ;hfo xf];\ eGg] cfzo o; P]gsf] /x]sf] 5 . dfgj a]rljvg / cf];f/k;f/sf]sf] kl/efiff leGgfleGg} ul/ s'g} klg p4]Zon] a]Rg] lsGg], s'g} klg kmfObflnO{ jf glnO{ a]Zofj[lQdf nufpg], k|rlnt sfg"gdf afx]s c+u lemSg] / a]Zofudg ug]{ ;d]tnfO{ a]rljvg eg]sf] 5 eg] lsGg] jf a]Rg] p2]Zon] dflg;nfO{ ljb]zdf n}hfg], j]Zofj[lQdf nufpg] jf zf]if0f ug]{ p2]Zon] s'g} k|sf/n] nnfO{ kmsfO{, k|nf]egdf kf/L, e'mSofO{, hfn;fh u/L, k|k~r ldnfO{, hah{:tL u/L, s/sfkdf kf/L, ckx/0f u/L, z/L/ aGws /fvL, gfh's l:yltsf] kmfObf lnO{, a]xf]; kf/L, kb jf zlQmsf] b'¿kof]u u/L, cleefjs jf ;+/IfsnfO{ k|nf]egdf kf/L, 8/, qf;, wfs, wDsL lbO{ jf s/sfkdf kf/L s;}nfO{ al;/x]sf] 3/, :yfg jf JolQmaf6 5'6fO{ nUg] jf cfk"m;Fu /fVg] jf cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lng] jf s'g} :yfgdf /fVg] jf g]kfnleqsf] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf jf ljb]zdf n}hfg] jf c? s;}nfO{ lbg] sfo{ cf];f/k;f/ x'g] eg]sf] 5 .
dlxnf dfly x'g] lx+;f dWo]sf] ha/h:tL s/0fL klg Ps xf] . o;af/]df d'n'sL P]gsf] ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] dxndf s;}n] s'g} dlxnfnfO{ lghsf] d~h"/L glnO{ s/0fL u/]df jf ;f]x| jif{eGbf sd pd]/sL aflnsfnfO{ lghsf] d~h"/L lnO{ jf glnO{ s/0fL u/]df lghn] hah{:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7x5{ elg kl/efiff u/]sf] 5 . o;df 8/wfs, wDsL qf; tyf cg'lrt k|efjdf kfl/ u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ klg ;d]6]sf] 5 . of] o:tf] of}ghGo ck/fw xf] ls h;af6 dlxnf :jo+ lkl8t t x'lG5g g} o;n] p;sf] kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf g} c;/ k5{ To;}n] o; ck/fwnfO{ h3Go ck/fwsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] ck/fw g]kfnsf] sfg"g cg';f/ s]an dlxnf dfly dfq x'g] ck/fw dflgG5 . ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] ck/fw s]an k'?ifn] dfq
www.wore
cnep
al.org
37
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
37
ug]{ xf]Og ls dlxnfn] klg k'?ifdfly ha/h:tLs/0fLsf] ck/fw ug{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] e]befj eof] elg bfo/ u/]sf] Zofds[i0f df:s]sf] d'2fdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] g]kfnL ;dfh cg';f/ dlxnfn] k'?ifnfO{ ha/h:tLs/0fL ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /xb}g elg vf/]h ul/lbPsf] 5 . To;}ul/ dL/f 9'+ufgfsf] Pp6f d'2fdf a}jflxs anfTsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbO{ kltn] klg kTgLsf] d~h'/L ljgf of}gsfo{ u/]df ha/h:tL s/0fL x'g] elg ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] km};nf u/]sf] 5 .
ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] d2fdf cleo'Qmaf6 plrt cfly{s If]ltk"lt{ lbnfO{ lbg], o;sf nflu d'2f bfo/ ubf{ v]l/ g} cleo'Qmsf] c+z afktsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;kgf k|wfg dNnsf] Ps d'2fdf ha/h:tLs/0fL ;DaGwL #% lbg] xbDofbsf] ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf gfddf lgb]{zgfTds cfb]z lbO{ pQm ;do pko'Qm gePsf]n] pQm xbDofbsf] ;do a9fpg' eg]sf] 5 . hLts'df/L k+u]gLn] a}jflxs anfTsf/sf] ck/flwnfO{ x'g] elgPsf] s}b ;hfo Go"g ePsf]n] cGo ck/fwLnfO{ eP ;/x x'g'kg]{ dfubflj ;lxt bfo/ u/]sf] Pp6f d'2fdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;f] af/]df klg af]n]sf] kfOG5 eg] Hof]lt nD;fn kf}8]nn] bfo/ u/]sf] Ps d'2fdf ;a} :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df anfTsf/ lkl8t dlxnfnfO{ lgMz'Ns pkrf/ tyf k/fdz{ lbO{g] Joj:yf ug'{ eGg] ;jf]{Rrn] cfb]z lbPsf] 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfd P]g / 3/]n' lx+;f /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f P]g cGt/ut 5'6\6f5'6\6} ;'/lIft cfjf; s]Gb|x¿ ljleGg lhNnfdf :yfkgf ul/ lkl8t dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;]jf lbg] tyf k'g{:yfkgfsf nflu ljleGg sfg"gL k/fdz{ ;xof]u tyf cGo k/fdz{sf sfo{x¿ ub}{ cfPsf] kfOG5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] klg 3/]n' lx+;fdf k/]sf ;'/Iff cfjf; cfjZostf k/]sf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . cf]/]s g]kfnn] g]kfn el/ ljleGg & lhNnfdf dlxnf ;'/Iff cfjf; s]Gb|x¿ ;+rfng ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
3838
dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f /f]syfdsf nflu ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 lgs} k|of;x¿ ePsf eP klg cem sfof{Gjogsf] ;jfndf Tolt /fd|f] k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cf/]s g]kfnn] dfl;s ¿kdf /fli6«o :t/sf kqklqsf 5flkPsf 36gfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ tof/ kfg]{ dlxnf lx+;f ;DaGwL k|ltj]bgdf s'g} dlxgf 36gf a9]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] s'g} dlxgf yf]/} . ;+VofTds lx;fan] x]bf{ k|lt dlxgf 36gfsf] b/ a9\b} uPsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . h:tf] pQm tYofÍdf x]bf{ @)^( ;fn a}zfvdf !)%, h]i7 @)^( df !$!, c;f/df !^) tyf efb|df (^ dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf 36]sf 5g\ . o;n] klg s] b]vfp5 eg] dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} u}/x]sf 5g\ .
!=@ cWoogsf] ;Ldfo; k':tsdf ljleGg lhNnfx¿df ;d'bfo:t/ df lqmofzLn dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿n] 36gf clen] vLs/ 0f u/ L k7fPsf 36gfx¿, :ynut ¿kdf cg';Gwfg tyf clen] vLs/ 0f ul/ Psf 36gfx¿, ;+:yfn] ;'/ lIft cfjf;, sfg'gL k/ fdz{ tyf sfg'gL ;xof] u, :jf:Yo pkrf/ nufotsf ;xof] u k'¥ofPsf] 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z u/ L ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] 5 . / fli6«o kqklqsfx¿df k|sfzg ePsf dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg u/ L pQm cg'udgsf cfwf/ df ul/ Psf] ljZn] if0fnfO{ klg o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .
o; k':ttsdf % j6} ljsf; If] qdf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z ug{] k|of; ul/ Psf] 5 . tfklg ;dfhdf n's] / / x] sf / cem klg aflx/ cfpg g;s] sf, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿ / ;+:yfsf] kx'FreGbf aflx/ / x] sf 36gfx¿ o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ug{ ;lsPsf] 5} g .
o; k':tsn] g] kfnsf] ;du| dlxnfx¿sf] cj:yfnfO{ k|ltljlDjt ug{ g;s] klg g] kfnsf] dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yfsf] :j¿k eg] lrq0f
www.wore
cnep
al.org
39
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
39
ub{5 eGg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 .
!=# cWoog ljlw clen] vLs/ 0fsf] ;Lk k|fKt tyf cf] / ] s g] kfnåf/ f clen] vLs/ 0fsf] tflnd lbOPsf JolQmx¿af6 36gf clen] vLs/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] . clen] vLs/ 0f ul/ Psf 36gfx¿sf] uf] kgLotf sfod ug{ x/ ] s 36gfx¿df sf] 8 g+Da/ / fvL P;\=lk=P;\=P;\= ;km\6j] / eh{g !!=% tYofÍnfO{ Jojl:yt / ;+ul7t ug{] sfo{ ul/ Psf] lyof] . / pQm ;km\6j] / s} dfWodaf6 36gfx¿nfO{ ljZn] if0f u/ L k|fKt tYofÍx¿nfO{ o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .
;+rf/ dfWoddf k|sfzg ePsf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ klg df ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .
www.wore
cnep
al.org
kl/R5]b !@
www.wore
cnep
al.org
145
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f g] kfnsf] ;Gbe{df dfq gP/ ljZjdf g} hl6n ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf ljBdfg 5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f dfgj clwsf/ xgg\sf] w] / } ] nHhf:kb pbfx/ 0f xf] . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿ ljleGg ePtf klg of] ;a} ju{, ef} uf} lns ;Ldf, ;+:s[ltx¿df JofKt / x] sf] kfO{G5 . ha;Dd dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo x'Fb} g ta;Dd ;dfgtf, ljsf; / zflGtsf] ;xL k|ult xfFl;n ug{ ;lsb} +g -sf] kmL cGgfg, k'j{ dxf;lrj, ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;ª\3_ .
dlxnfdfly x'g] x/ ] s lx+;f ck/ fw xf] / of] dfgj clwsf/ sf] xgg\ xf] . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿ cfwf/ e"t dfgj clwsf/ x¿M afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ , ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/ , oftgfd'Qm eO{ hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ , :jtGq / ;'/ lIft ¿kdf hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;d] taf6 al~rt agfO{Psf 5g\ . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/ 0f dlxnfsf] zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs / cfly{s hLjgdf k|ToIf ¿kdf c;/ kb{5 eg] afnaflnsf / kl/ jf/ klg dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;faf6 k|efljt x'g] ub{5g\ .
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/ 0fsf nflu ;/ sf/ L / u} / ;/ sf/ L b'j} If] qx¿af6 ljleGg k|of;x¿ ePsf 5g\ . oBkL xfn;Dd ePsf k|of;x¿ ;Lldt dfqfdf sfof{Gjog÷nfu" ul/ Psf] 5 h;n] ubf{ dlxnfx¿sf] hLjgdf ck] Iffs[t kl/ jt{g x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/ 0fsf nflu ;+/ rgfut kl/ jt{g clt cfjZos 5 . To;sf ;fy} dlxnfx¿sf nflu kof{Kt ;xof] uL ;+oGqsf] lj:tf/ ul/ g' jf~5gLo 5 .
kl/R5]b !@ M lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
146
dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo ;Dej 5 . o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f dlxnfsf] dfq ;jfn geP/ ;a} sf] k|d'v ;jfnsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ul/ g' h?/ L 5 . ;dfhdf h/ f] uf8] / / x] s] f lje] bk"0f{ lkQ[;QfTds ;+/ rgfn] ;a} If] qnfO{ k|efj kf/ ] sf] 5 . o;y{ s'g} Ps If] qdf ePsf] kl/ jt{gn] dfq dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo ;Dej 5} g . x/ ] s If] qx¿df dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g' cfjZos 5 . dlxnfd'vL sfg'gL Joj:yf, ePsf] gLlt lgodx¿sf] n} lËs ;+j] bgzLntfsf ;fy k|efjsf/ L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog, ;] jf k|bfos sfg'gL, Goflos, :jf:Yo nufot ;a} If] qx¿df n} lËs ;+j] bgzLntfsf] ljsf; / dlxnfd'vL jftfj/ 0f tof/ ug{ ;s] df dlxnfx¿sf] "df}gtfsf] ;+:s[lt" nfO{ eË ub{} dlxnfx¿df lx+;fnfO{ ægfO{Æ eGgsf nflu cfTdan / yk cfTdljZjf;sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .
o; k':tsdf ul/ Psf] dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] ljZn] if0f kZrft\ dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fk|lt ;a} ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿nfO{ hjfkmb] xL, pQ/ bfoL aGg / ;Daf] wg ug{ xfdL lgDg ;'emfjx¿ k] z ub{5f} + M
• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f lj?4 sfo{/ t ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] cf–cfkm\g} 9ª\un] dlxnf lj?4sf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] tYofÍ ;ª\sng ug{] u/ ] tf klg ;du|df dlxnfdfly x'g] u/ ] sf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] / fli6«o tYofÍ pknAw 5} g . g] kfndf n} lu+s lje] bdf cfwfl/ t lje] b ;'rgf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf / fli6«o dlxnf cfof] udf ePsf] 5 . o;y{ o;sf] k|efjsf/ L ;~rfngsf nflu g] kfn ;/ sf/ af6} cg'udg / cfjZos ;|f] t ;fwgx¿ pknAw u/ fOg' h?/ L 5 .
• ;xof] uL ;+oGqx¿df dlxnfsf] kx'Fr k'u] sf] l:yltdf dfq dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ aflx/ cfpg] x'Fbf dlxnfsf]
www.wore
cnep
al.org
147
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
;xh kx'Frdf x'g] u/ L g] kfn ;/ sf/ af6 b] zsf &% j6} lhNnfx¿df ;xof] uL ;+oGqx¿ -;'/ lIft cfjf;, sfg'gL k/ fdz{ tyf ;xof] u, lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfsf nflu lgz'Ns :jf:Yo hfFr cfbL_ sf] ljsf; ul/ g' jf~5gLo 5 .
• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿sf] dfgl;s :jf:Yodf a9L c;/ kg{] u/ ] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . o;y{ dlxnfsf] kx'Frdf x'g] u/ L ;d'bfo :t/ df dgf] ;fdflhs k/ fdz{ s] Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf u/ L tflnd k|fKt / ;Lkjfg JolQmx¿af6 ;] jf k|bfg ul/ g' kb{5 .
• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] d"n sf/ 0fsf] ¿kdf kl/ jf/ , ;dfh / b] zs} x/ ] s ;+/ rgfx¿df h/ f] uf8] / / x] sf] lje] bk"0f{ lkQ[;QfTds ;+/ rgf lhDd] jf/ kfO{Psf] 5 . dlxnf / k'?ifsf nflu lgwf{l/ t e"ldsfdf kl/ jt{g gu/ L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo ;Dej 5} g . of] kl/ jt{gsf nflu / fHosf x/ ] s lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/ g' jf~5gLo 5 .
• 3/ ] n' lx+;f lgoGq0fsf nflu ag] sf] 3/ ] n' lx+;f -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P] g @)^^ / lgodfjnL @)^& n] 3/ ] n' lx+;fsf ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ ;d] 6\g ;s] sf] 5} g, / sfg'gL k|lqmofsf s'/ fx¿ klg c:ki6 ePsf x'Fbf o;nfO{ t'?Gt kl/ dfh{g ul/ g' cfjZos 5 .
• @)^* kmfu'g !! ut] k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{åf/ f dGqfnosf ;lrjx¿ / ;'/ Iff lgsfonfO{ dlxnfn] 36gfx¿sf] ph'/ L u/ ] sf] @$ 306fleq sfjf{xL ug{] Joj:yf ug{ lbPsf] lgb{] zg cem;Dd klg Jojxf/ df nfu" x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . o;y{ k|wfgdGqLaf6 ePsf] Tof] lgb{] zgsf] k|efjsf/ L
www.wore
cnep
al.org
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(
148
sfof{Gjog ;] jf k|bfos x/ ] s lgsfoaf6 oyflz3| ul/ g' h?/ L 5 .
• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf 36gfsf] ph'/ L lnP/ hfFbf klg ph'/ L g;'Gg] , pN6} dlxnfnfO{ yk kL8f k'¥ofpg] vfnsf lqmofsnfk ;/ sf/ L ;+oGqdf / x] sf sd{rf/ Lx¿af6 g} x'g] u/ ] sf] w] / } u'gf;fx¿ dlxnfaf6 cfPsf 5g\ . o;y{ o;/ L dlxnfnfO{ yk kL8f k'¥ofpg] ;/ sf/ L ;+oGqdf / x] sf jf ;] jf k|bfg ug{] :yfgdf / x] sf JolQmx¿nfO{ dlxnfdfly lx+;f ug{ lg?T;flxt ug{sf nflu g] kfn ;/ sf/ åf/ f ljz] if Joj:yf cljnDj ul/ g' kb{5 .
dlxnfdfly h'g;'s} ;dodf klg lx+;f x'g ;Sg] x'Fbf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ;Daf] wgsf nflu u7g ePsf / fHosf lgsfox¿af6 lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ x] / L ;dosf] s'g} kfjlGblagf ;] jf lj:tf/ ul/ g'kb{5 .
sfg'gsf lje] bsf/ L ;Dk"0f{ k|fjwfgx¿ vf/ ] h u/ L kLl8t s] lGb|t Gofo k|0ffnL, gofF sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ul/ g' cfjZos 5 .
kLl8t÷k|efljt / ;fIfLsf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu ;'/ Iff / ;+/ If0f P] gsf] t'?Gt Joj:yf ul/ g' kb{5 .
;d'bfo :t/ df dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf nflu :jod;] jL efjgfn] lqmofzLn dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿n] ljleGg lsl;dsf r'gf} tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg{] l:yltn] b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; u/ ] sf] 5 . dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿dfly x'g] lx+;fsf] hf] lvd sd ug{sf nflu g] kfn ;/ sf/ af6 dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿sf] ;'/ Iffsf] gLltut Joj:yf cljnDa ul/ g' kb{5 .
www.wore
cnep
al.org