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ANATOMY OF HUMAN SKULL
SUBMITTED BY:VANDANA RANA
APGDCR ICRI, DEHRADUN
INTRODUCTION
SKULL:- skeleton of the head Also k/a CRANIUM Two parts:-
1.Calvaria 2.Facial Skeleton
Cont….
CALVARIA:- also k/a brain box
FACIAL SKELETON:- rest of the skull and mandible.
BONES OF THE SKULL
Calvaria – has 8 bones Two are paired and four are unpaired Paired bones are - 1.Parietal
2.Temporal Unpaired bones are- 1.Frontal
2.Occipital 3.Sphenoid
4.Ethmoid
Cont… Facial Skeleton bones:-there are 14 bones Two are unpaired and six are paired Paired:-1.Maxilla
2.Zygomatic3.Nasal4.Lacrimal
5.Palatine6.Inferior nasal concha
Unpaired:-1.Mandible 2.Vomer
SKULL JOINTS Immovable Exception is TMJ Fibrous k/a SUTURES
DIFFERENT VIEWS OF SKULL Exterior view:-these are as follows-
1.Superior or Norma Verticalis2.Posterior or Norma Occipitalis3.Anterior or Norma Frontalis4.Lateral or Norma Lateralis5.Inferior or Norma Basalis
Interior view:-after removing skull cap or calvaria1.Internal surface of the cranial vault.2.Internal surface of cranial base
Cont… Internal surface of cranial base can
further subdivided into:-1.Anterior cranial fossae2.Middle cranial fossae3.Posterior cranial fossae
NORMA VERTICALIS
Shape:-oval Bones:
1.upper part of frontal bone anteriorly2.uppermost part of occipital post
3.a parietal bone on each side Sutures:-
1.Coronal suture 2.Saggital suture 3.Lambdoid 4.Metopic suture
THANKS
Cont… Some other features are:-
1.Vertex2.Vault3.Bregma
5.Lambda6.Parietal Eminence7.Parietal Foramen8.Obelion9.Temporal Lines
NORMA OCCIPITALIS Bones are:- 1.posterior part of parietal
bones above 2.Squamous part of occipital bone below
3.mastoid part of temporal bone on each side
Sutures:- 1.Lambdoid suture2.Occipitomastoid suture3.Parietomastoid suture4.Posterior most part of
saggital suture also seen.
Cont… Other features:-
1.Lambda2.Parietal Foramina3.Obelion
4.External Occipital Protuberance5.Superior Nuchal Lines6.Highest Nuchal Lines7.Occipital point8.Mastoid Foramen9.Interparietal Bone
NORMA FRONTALIS Shape:-oval Bones:-
1.Frontal bone2.Maxilla-right and left
3.Nasal bone-right and left 4.Zygomatic bone 5.Mandible
Norma Frontalis is studied under following headlines:-
1.Frontal region2.Orbital opening3.Ant.bony(piriform) aperture of nose4.Lower part of face
Cont… Frontal region:-
1.Supercilliary arch2.Glabella3.Nasion4.Frontal eminence
Orbital opening:-bounded by1.Supra orbital margin
2.Infra orbital margin 3.Lateral orbital margin
Piriform aperture of nose:- pear shaped.bounded 1.above by lower boarder of nasal bone.2.below by body of maxilla on each side.
Various sutures are:-1.Internasal suture2.Frontonasal suture
Lower part of face:-1.Maxilla
2.Zygomatic bone3.Mandible
Cont… Sutures of Norma Frontalis:-
1.Internasal2.Frontonasal3.Nasomaxillary4.Lacrimomaxillary5.Frontomaxillary 6.Zygomaticomaxillary7.Zygomaticofrontal
NORMA LATERALIS Bones:-
1.Frontal2.Occipital3.Temporal4.Parietal5.Sphenoidal6.Zygomatic7.Mandible
8.Maxilla9.Nasal
Cont… Others features:-
1.Temporal lines2.Zygomatic arch3.External Acoustic Meatus4.Mastoid part of Temporal bone5.Styloid process6.Temporal fossa7.Pterion8.Infratemporal fossa9.Pterygopalatine fossa
NORMA BASALIS Norma Basalis is divided into three parts
as follows:-1.Anterior-subdivided into
*Hard Palate
*Alveolar Arch
2.Middle part3.Posterior part
Middle and posterior parts are seperated by imaginary lines passing through the anterior margin of foramen magnum.
ANTERIOR PART Alveolar arch bears sockets for the roots
of upper teeth. Hard palate:-sutures are as
1.Intermaxillary2.Interpalatine3.Palatomaxillary
Other features:-1.Incisive fossa
2.Greater Palatine Foramen3.Lesser Palatine Foramen4.Palatine Crest
MIDDLE PART Median area shows:-
1.Posterior boarder of vomer2.Broad bar of bone formed by fusion of posterior part of body of sphenoid and basilar part of occipital bone.
3.Pharyngeal Tubercle
Lateral area shows:-1.Two parts of sphenoid bone
*Pterygoid process(median and lateral) *Greater wing of sphenoid2.Three parts of temporal bone*Petrous
*Squamous *Tympanic plate
Cont… Infratemporal surface of greater wing of
sphenoid is pierced by1.Foramen Ovale2.Foramen Spinosum
3.Emissary sphenoidal foramen Inferior surface of pterion is pierced by
1.Carotid Canal2.Foramen Lacerum
Tympanic part of temporal bone has1.anterior surface which forms posterior wall of mandibular fossa.2.posterior part forms part of EAM
POSTERIOR PART Median area has
1.Foramen Magnum2.Externa Occipital Crest3.External Occipital Protrubrance
Lateral area has1.Condylar part of occipital bone2.Squamous part of occipital bone3.Juglar Foramen4.Styloid process5.Mastoid part of temporal bone
INTERIOR VIEW OF SKULL
Internal surface of cranial vault Internal surface of base of the skull
INTERNAL SURFACE OF CRANIAL VAULT
Most of the features have been explained with Norma Verticalis.
Few more are:-*inner table is thin and brittle. *it presents markings produced by meningeal vessels,venous sinuses. *frontal crest
*sagittal sulcus*granular foveolae
*cerebral gyri impressions
INTERNAL SURFACE OF BASE OF SKULL
Subdivisions are:-1.Anterior Cranial Fossa
2.Middle Cranial Fossa3.Posterior Cranial Fossa
ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA Boundaries:-
1.Anteriorly and on sides by Frontal bone.2.Posteriorly separated from the
middle cranial fossa by the free posterior boarder of lesser wing of sphenoid,anterior margin of sulcus chiasmatics.
Floor:-1.In median plane formed anteriorly by
cribriform plate and posteriorly by anterior part of body of sphenoid.
2.On each side floor formed by orbital plate of frontal bone and lesser wing.
Cont…
Other features are:-1.Cribriform Plate of ethmoid
bone. 2.Juglar Sphenoidale3.Orbital plate of frontal
bone 4.Lesser wing of sphenoid
MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
Boundaries :- Anterior by:-
1.Posterior boarder of lesser wing2.Anterior Clinoid Process
3.Anterior margin of sulcus chiasmatis Posterior by:-
1.Superior boarder of petrous temporal bone
2.Dorsum sellae of sphenoid Lateral by:-
1.Greater wing2.Anteroinferior angle of parietal3.Squamous temporal
Cont… Floor :-
1.median area by body of sphenod.2.lateral area by *cerebral surface of greater wing*anterior surface of petrous temporal.*cerebral surface of squamous temporal
Cont… Other features :- Median area has
1.Sulcus Chiasmatis(optic groove)2.Optic Canal3.Sella turcica
Lateral area is deep and lodges the temporal lobe of brain.It is related to orbit anteriorly,temporal fossa laterally,infratemporal fossa inferiorly.
Cont… Superior orbital fissure opens anteriorly into
orbit. The greater wing of sphenoid has following
features:- 1.Foramen Rotundum 2.Foramen Ovale 3.Foramen Spinosum 4.Emissary Sphenoidal Foramen 5.Foramen Lacerum
POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA Boundaries are Anterior :-
1.Superior boarder of petrous temporal bone.
2.Dorsum sellae of sphenoid Posterior:- squamous part of occipital bone. On each sides by:-
1.Mastoid part of temporal2.Mastoid angle of parietal
Cont… Floor divided into two areas. Median area:-
1.Dorsum area in front2.Foramen magnum in middle3.Squamous occipit behind
Lateral area:-1`.Condylar part of occipital bone `2.post surface of petrous temporal3.Mastoid temporal4.Mastoid angle of parietal
THANK YOU