By MuscleBy MusclesMuscle GroupMuscleNerve GroupNerveSplit ActionOverall ActionInvolved Body partProximal AttachmentDistal AttachmentMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPectineusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerveAdducts thighAdducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thighThighsuperior ramus of pubispectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanterMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPectineusObturator NerveFermoral Nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerveFlexes ThighAdducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thighThighsuperior ramus of pubispectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanterMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPectineusFemoral Nerve and Obturator NerveFermoral Nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerveMedial rotation of thighAdducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thighThighsuperior ramus of pubispectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanterMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIlliopsoasLumbar NervesAnterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)Flexes ThighAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointThigh, Hip JointSides of T12-L5 vertebrae and iscs betweenthem; transverse processes of all umbar vertebraeLesser trochanter of femurMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIlliopsoasLumbar NervesAnterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)Stabilizes Hip jointAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointHip JointSides of T12-L5 vertebrae and iscs betweenthem; transverse processes of all umbar vertebraeLesser trochanter of femurMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPsoas minorLumbar NervesAnterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)Flexes ThighAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointThigh, Hip JointSides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discsPectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal archMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPsoas minorLumbar NervesAnterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)Stabilizes Hip jointAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointHip JointSides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discsPectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal archMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIliacusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Flexes ThighAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointThigh, Hip JointIliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligamentsTendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to itMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIliacusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Stabilizes Hip jointAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointHip JointIliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligamentsTendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to itMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Flexes ThighFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Thigh, Hip JointAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Abducts ThighFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Thigh, Hip JointAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Laterally rotates thighFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Thigh, Hip JointAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Flexes legFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Leg, Knee JointAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Medially rotate legFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Leg, KneeAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Rectus femorisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Extend legExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Leg, Knee JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Rectus femorisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Steadies hip jointExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Hip JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Rectus femorisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Flexes thighExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh ThighAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Vastus LateralisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Extends legExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Leg, Knee JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Vastus MedialisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Extends legExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Leg, Knee JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Vastus IntermediusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Extends legExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Leg, Knee JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor LongusObturator NerveObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Adducts thighAdducts thighThighBody of pubis inferior to pubis crestMiddle third of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor LongusAnterior DivisionObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Adducts thighAdducts thighThighBody of pubis inferior to pubis crestMiddle third of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor MediusObturator NerveObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Adducts thighAdducts thigh; to some extend flexes itThighBody and inferior ramus of pubisPectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor MediusAnterior DivisionObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Flexes ThighAdducts thigh; to some extend flexes itThighBody and inferior ramus of pubisPectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor Magnus: Adductor partObturator NerveObturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branches of posterior divisionAdducts thighAdducts thigh; flexes thighThighInferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischiumGluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar lineMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor Magnus: Adductor partPosterior DivisionObturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branches of posterior divisionFlexes ThighAdducts thigh; flexes thighThighInferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischiumGluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar lineMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor Magnus: Hamstrings partSciatic nerveTibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)Extends thighExtends thighThighIschial tuberosityAdductor tubercle of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighGracilisObturator NerveObturator nerve (L2, L3)Adducts thighAdducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg mediallyThighBody and inferior ramus of pubisSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighGracilisObturator NerveObturator nerve (L2, L3)Flexes legAdducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg mediallyLegBody and inferior ramus of pubisSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighGracilisObturator NerveObturator nerve (L2, L3)Medially rotate legAdducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg mediallyLegBody and inferior ramus of pubisSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighObturator externusObturator NerveObturator nerve (L3, L4)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulumThighMargins of obturator foramen and obturator membraneTrochanteric fossa of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighObturator externusObturator NerveObturator nerve (L3, L4)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumMargins of obturator foramen and obturator membraneTrochanteric fossa of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus maximusGluteal NerveInferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighExtends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting positionThighIlium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligamentMost fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosityMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus maximusGluteal NerveInferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)Laterally rotates thighExtends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting positionThighIlium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligamentMost fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosityMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus maximusGluteal NerveInferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)Steadies thighExtends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting positionThighIlium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligamentMost fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosityMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus maximusGluteal NerveInferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)Assists in rising from sitting positionExtends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting positionThighIlium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligamentMost fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosityMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus mediusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Abducts ThighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighExternal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal linesLateral surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus mediusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Medially rotate thighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighExternal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal linesLateral surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus mediusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phasePelvisExternal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal linesLateral surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus minimusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Abducts ThighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighExternal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal linesAnterior surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus minimusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Medially rotate thighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighExternal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal linesAnterior surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus minimusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phasePelvisExternal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal linesAnterior surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighTensor of fascia lataGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Abducts ThighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighAnterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crestIliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibiaMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighTensor of fascia lataGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Medially rotate thighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighAnterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crestIliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibiaMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighTensor of fascia lataGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phasePelvisAnterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crestIliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibiaMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighObturator internusNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighPelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bonesMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighObturator internusNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighPelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bonesMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighObturator internusNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumPelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bonesMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighSuperior GemelliNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighIschial spineMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighSuperior GemelliNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighIschial spineMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighSuperior GemelliNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumIschial spineMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighInferior GemelliNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighIschial tuberosityMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighInferior GemelliNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighIschial tuberosityMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighInferior GemelliNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumIschial tuberosityMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighQuadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulumThighLateral border of ischial tuberosityQuadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to itMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighQuadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumLateral border of ischial tuberosityQuadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to itMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemitendinosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkThighIschial tuberosityMedial surface of superior part of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemitendinosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Flexes legExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkLegIschial tuberosityMedial surface of superior part of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemitendinosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Medially rotates legExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkLegIschial tuberosityMedial surface of superior part of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemimembranosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkThighIschial tuberosityPosterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)Muscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemimembranosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Flexes legExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkLegIschial tuberosityPosterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)Muscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemimembranosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Medially rotates legExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkLegIschial tuberosityPosterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)Muscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Long headSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Flexes legFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).LegIschial tuberosityLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Long headSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Laterally rotates legFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).LegIschial tuberosityLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Long headSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).ThighIschial tuberosityLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Short headSciatic nerveCommon fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Flexes legFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).LegLinea aspera and lateral suprcondylar line of femurLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Short headSciatic nerveCommon fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Laterally rotates legFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).LegLinea aspera and lateral suprcondylar line of femurLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Short headSciatic nerveCommon fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).ThighLinea aspera and lateral suprcondylar line of femurLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Tibialis anterior (1)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Dorsiflexes ankleDorsiflexes ankle and inverts footAnkleLateral condyle and superior half of lateralsurface of tibia and interosseous membraneMedial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsalMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Tibialis anterior (1)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Inverts footDorsiflexes ankle and inverts footFootLateral condyle and superior half of lateralsurface of tibia and interosseous membraneMedial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsalMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Extensor digitorum longus (2)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Extends lateral four digitsExtends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankleDigitLateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membraneMiddle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Extensor digitorum longus (2)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Dorsiflexes ankleExtends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankleAnkleLateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membraneMiddle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Extensor hallucis longus (3)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Extends ToeExtends great toe and dorsiflexes ankleToeMiddle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membraneDorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Muscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Extensor hallucis longus (3)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Dorsiflexes ankleExtends great toe and dorsiflexes ankleAnkleMiddle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membraneDorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Muscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Fibularis tertius (4)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Dorsiflexes ankleDorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of footAnkleInferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membraneDorsum of base of 5th metatarsalMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Fibularis tertius (4)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Everts footDorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of footFootInferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membraneDorsum of base of 5th metatarsalMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegLateral compartment: Fibularis longus (5)Fibular NerveSuperficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)Everts footEverts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankleFootHead and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibulaBase of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiformMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegLateral compartment: Fibularis longus (5)Fibular NerveSuperficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)Plantarflexes ankleEverts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankleAnkleHead and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibulaBase of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiformMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegLateral compartment: Fibularis brevis (6)Fibular NerveSuperficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)Everts footEverts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankleFootInferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibulaDorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsalMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegLateral compartment: Fibularis brevis (6)Fibular NerveSuperficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)Plantarflexes ankleEverts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankleAnkleInferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibulaDorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsalSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegGastrocnemius (1)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Plantarflexes anklePlantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee jointAnkleLateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femurMedial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condylePosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegGastrocnemius (1)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Raises heelPlantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee jointHeelLateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femurMedial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condylePosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegGastrocnemius (1)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Flexes legPlantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee jointLeg, Knee JointLateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femurMedial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condylePosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegSoleus (2)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Plantarflexes anklePlantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on footAnkle, KneePosterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachementPosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegSoleus (2)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Steadies legPlantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on footLeg, FootPosterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachementPosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegPlantaris (3)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Plantarflexes ankleWeakly assists gastrocnemius oin plantarflexing ankleAnkleInferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligamentPosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legPopliteusTibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)Flexes KneeWeakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degree on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limbKneeLateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscusPosterior surface of tibia superior to soleal lineDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legPopliteusTibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)Unlock KneeWeakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degree on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limbKnee, femurLateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscusPosterior surface of tibia superior to soleal lineDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legPopliteusTibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)Medially rotates tibia of unplanted limbWeakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degree on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limbUnplanted limbLateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscusPosterior surface of tibia superior to soleal lineDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor hallucis longus (4)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Flexes toeFlexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports mediallongitudinal arch of footToeInterior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membraneBase of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Deep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor hallucis longus (4)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Plantarflexes ankleFlexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports mediallongitudinal arch of footAnkleInterior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membraneBase of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Deep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor hallucis longus (4)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Support medial longitudinal arch of footFlexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports mediallongitudinal arch of footFootInterior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membraneBase of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Deep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor digitorum longus (5)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Flexes lateral four digitsFlexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of footDigitMedial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal ilne; by a broad tendon to fibulaBases of distal phalanges of lateral four digitsDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor digitorum longus (5)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Plantarflexes ankleFlexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of footAnkleMedial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal ilne; by a broad tendon to fibulaBases of distal phalanges of lateral four digitsDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor digitorum longus (5)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Support medial longitudinal arch of footFlexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of footFootMedial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal ilne; by a broad tendon to fibulaBases of distal phalanges of lateral four digitsDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legTibialis posterior (6)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5)Plantarflexes anklePlantarflexes ankle; inverts footAnkleInterosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fiblaTuberosity of navicular cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsalsDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legTibialis posterior (6)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5)Inverts footPlantarflexes ankle; inverts footFootInterosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fiblaTuberosity of navicular cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsalsMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleAbductor hallucis (1st layer)Plantar NerveMedial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Abducts 1st digitAbducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)DigitMedial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosisMedial side of base of proximal phalanxof 1st digitMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleAbductor hallucis (1st layer)Plantar NerveMedial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes 1st digitAbducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)DigitMedial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosisMedial side of base of proximal phalanxof 1st digitMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleFlexor digitorum brevis (1st layer)Plantar NerveMedial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes lateral four digitsFlexes lateral four digitsDigitMedial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septaBoth sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digitsMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleAbductor digiti minimi (1st layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Abducts toeAbducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)ToeMedial and lateral tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septaLateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digitMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleAbductor digiti minimi (1st layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes toeAbducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)ToeMedial and lateral tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septaLateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digitMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleQuadratus plantae (2nd layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes lateral four digitsAssists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digitsDigitMedial surface and alteral margin of plantar surface of calcaneusPosterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longusMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleLumbricals (2nd layer)Plantar NerveMedial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes proximal phalangesFlex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsPhalangesTendons of flexor digitorum longusMedial aspect of expansion over lateral four digitsMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleLumbricals (2nd layer)Plantar NerveMedial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Extends middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsFlex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsPhalanges, digitsTendons of flexor digitorum longusMedial aspect of expansion over lateral four digitsMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleFlexor hallucis brevis (3rd layer)Plantar NerveMedial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digitFlexes proximal phalanx of 1st digitDigitPlantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiformsBoth sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digitMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleAdductor hallucis (3rd layer)Plantar NerveDeep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Adduct 1st digitTraditionally said to adduct 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals mediallyDigitOblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) jointsTendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digitMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleAdductor hallucis (3rd layer)Plantar NerveDeep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Transverse arch of foot mediallyTraditionally said to adduct 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals mediallyFootOblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) jointsTendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digitMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleFlexor digit minimi brevis (3rd layer)Plantar NerveSuperficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digitFlexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexionDigitBase of 5th metatarsalBase of proximal phalanx of 5th digitMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of solePlantar interossei (three muscles) (4th layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Adduct digitsAdduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal jointsDigitBases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digitsMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of solePlantar interossei (three muscles) (4th layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes metatarsophalangeal jointsAdduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal jointsMetatarsophalangeal jointsBases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digitsMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleDorsal interossei (four muscles) (4th layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Adduct digitsAdduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal jointsDigitAdjacent sides of metatarsals 1-51st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digitsMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleDorsal interossei (four muscles) (4th layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes metatarsophalangeal jointsAdduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal jointsMetatarsophalangeal jointsAdjacent sides of metatarsals 1-51st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digitsMuscles of Foot: Dorsum of FootExtensor digitorum brevisFibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L5 or S1, or both)Extends the four medial toesAids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jointsToes, metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jointsCalcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculumLong extensor tendons of four medial digits (toes 2-4)Muscles of Foot: Dorsum of FootExtensor hallucis brevisFibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L5 or S1, or both)Extends great toeAids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal jointToe, metatarsophalangeal jointsCalcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculumDorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1)

By ActionBy ActionMuscle GroupMuscleNerve GroupNerveSplit ActionOverall ActionInvolved Body partProximal AttachmentDistal AttachmentMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleAbductor hallucis (1st layer)Plantar NerveMedial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Abducts 1st digitAbducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)DigitMedial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosisMedial side of base of proximal phalanxof 1st digitMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Abducts ThighFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Thigh, Hip JointAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus mediusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Abducts ThighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighExternal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal linesLateral surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus minimusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Abducts ThighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighExternal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal linesAnterior surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighTensor of fascia lataGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Abducts ThighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighAnterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crestIliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibiaMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighObturator internusNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighPelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bonesMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighSuperior GemelliNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighIschial spineMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighInferior GemelliNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighIschial tuberosityMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleAbductor digiti minimi (1st layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Abducts toeAbducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)ToeMedial and lateral tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septaLateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digitMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleAdductor hallucis (3rd layer)Plantar NerveDeep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Adduct 1st digitTraditionally said to adduct 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals mediallyDigitOblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) jointsTendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digitMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of solePlantar interossei (three muscles) (4th layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Adduct digitsAdduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal jointsDigitBases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digitsMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleDorsal interossei (four muscles) (4th layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Adduct digitsAdduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal jointsDigitAdjacent sides of metatarsals 1-51st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digitsMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPectineusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerveAdducts thighAdducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thighThighsuperior ramus of pubispectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanterMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor LongusObturator NerveObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Adducts thighAdducts thighThighBody of pubis inferior to pubis crestMiddle third of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor LongusAnterior DivisionObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Adducts thighAdducts thighThighBody of pubis inferior to pubis crestMiddle third of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor MediusObturator NerveObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Adducts thighAdducts thigh; to some extend flexes itThighBody and inferior ramus of pubisPectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor Magnus: Adductor partObturator NerveObturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branches of posterior divisionAdducts thighAdducts thigh; flexes thighThighInferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischiumGluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar lineMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighGracilisObturator NerveObturator nerve (L2, L3)Adducts thighAdducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg mediallyThighBody and inferior ramus of pubisSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus maximusGluteal NerveInferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)Assists in rising from sitting positionExtends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting positionThighIlium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligamentMost fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosityMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Tibialis anterior (1)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Dorsiflexes ankleDorsiflexes ankle and inverts footAnkleLateral condyle and superior half of lateralsurface of tibia and interosseous membraneMedial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsalMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Extensor digitorum longus (2)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Dorsiflexes ankleExtends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankleAnkleLateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membraneMiddle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Extensor hallucis longus (3)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Dorsiflexes ankleExtends great toe and dorsiflexes ankleAnkleMiddle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membraneDorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Muscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Fibularis tertius (4)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Dorsiflexes ankleDorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of footAnkleInferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membraneDorsum of base of 5th metatarsalMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Fibularis tertius (4)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Everts footDorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of footFootInferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membraneDorsum of base of 5th metatarsalMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegLateral compartment: Fibularis longus (5)Fibular NerveSuperficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)Everts footEverts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankleFootHead and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibulaBase of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiformMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegLateral compartment: Fibularis brevis (6)Fibular NerveSuperficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)Everts footEverts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankleFootInferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibulaDorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsalMuscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Rectus femorisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Extend legExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Leg, Knee JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscles of Foot: Dorsum of FootExtensor hallucis brevisFibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L5 or S1, or both)Extends great toeAids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal jointToe, metatarsophalangeal jointsCalcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculumDorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1)Muscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Extensor digitorum longus (2)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Extends lateral four digitsExtends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankleDigitLateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membraneMiddle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsMuscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Vastus LateralisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Extends legExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Leg, Knee JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Vastus MedialisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Extends legExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Leg, Knee JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Vastus IntermediusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Extends legExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Leg, Knee JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleLumbricals (2nd layer)Plantar NerveMedial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Extends middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsFlex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsPhalanges, digitsTendons of flexor digitorum longusMedial aspect of expansion over lateral four digitsMuscles of Foot: Dorsum of FootExtensor digitorum brevisFibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L5 or S1, or both)Extends the four medial toesAids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jointsToes, metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jointsCalcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculumLong extensor tendons of four medial digits (toes 2-4)Muscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor Magnus: Hamstrings partSciatic nerveTibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)Extends thighExtends thighThighIschial tuberosityAdductor tubercle of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus maximusGluteal NerveInferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighExtends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting positionThighIlium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligamentMost fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosityMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemitendinosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkThighIschial tuberosityMedial surface of superior part of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemimembranosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkThighIschial tuberosityPosterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)Muscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Long headSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).ThighIschial tuberosityLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Short headSciatic nerveCommon fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Extends thighFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).ThighLinea aspera and lateral suprcondylar line of femurLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Extensor hallucis longus (3)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Extends ToeExtends great toe and dorsiflexes ankleToeMiddle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membraneDorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Muscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleAbductor hallucis (1st layer)Plantar NerveMedial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes 1st digitAbducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)DigitMedial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosisMedial side of base of proximal phalanxof 1st digitDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legPopliteusTibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)Flexes KneeWeakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degree on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limbKneeLateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscusPosterior surface of tibia superior to soleal lineDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor digitorum longus (5)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Flexes lateral four digitsFlexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of footDigitMedial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal ilne; by a broad tendon to fibulaBases of distal phalanges of lateral four digitsMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleFlexor digitorum brevis (1st layer)Plantar NerveMedial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes lateral four digitsFlexes lateral four digitsDigitMedial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septaBoth sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digitsMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleQuadratus plantae (2nd layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes lateral four digitsAssists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digitsDigitMedial surface and alteral margin of plantar surface of calcaneusPosterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longusMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Flexes legFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Leg, Knee JointAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighGracilisObturator NerveObturator nerve (L2, L3)Flexes legAdducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg mediallyLegBody and inferior ramus of pubisSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemitendinosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Flexes legExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkLegIschial tuberosityMedial surface of superior part of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemimembranosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Flexes legExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkLegIschial tuberosityPosterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)Muscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Long headSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Flexes legFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).LegIschial tuberosityLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Short headSciatic nerveCommon fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Flexes legFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).LegLinea aspera and lateral suprcondylar line of femurLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegGastrocnemius (1)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Flexes legPlantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee jointLeg, Knee JointLateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femurMedial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condylePosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of solePlantar interossei (three muscles) (4th layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes metatarsophalangeal jointsAdduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal jointsMetatarsophalangeal jointsBases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digitsMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleDorsal interossei (four muscles) (4th layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes metatarsophalangeal jointsAdduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal jointsMetatarsophalangeal jointsAdjacent sides of metatarsals 1-51st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digitsMuscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleLumbricals (2nd layer)Plantar NerveMedial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes proximal phalangesFlex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digitsPhalangesTendons of flexor digitorum longusMedial aspect of expansion over lateral four digitsMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleFlexor hallucis brevis (3rd layer)Plantar NerveMedial plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digitFlexes proximal phalanx of 1st digitDigitPlantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiformsBoth sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digitMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleFlexor digit minimi brevis (3rd layer)Plantar NerveSuperficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digitFlexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexionDigitBase of 5th metatarsalBase of proximal phalanx of 5th digitMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPectineusObturator NerveFermoral Nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerveFlexes ThighAdducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thighThighsuperior ramus of pubispectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanterMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIlliopsoasLumbar NervesAnterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)Flexes ThighAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointThigh, Hip JointSides of T12-L5 vertebrae and iscs betweenthem; transverse processes of all umbar vertebraeLesser trochanter of femurMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPsoas minorLumbar NervesAnterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)Flexes ThighAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointThigh, Hip JointSides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discsPectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal archMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIliacusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Flexes ThighAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointThigh, Hip JointIliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligamentsTendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to itMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Flexes ThighFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Thigh, Hip JointAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Rectus femorisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Flexes thighExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh ThighAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Muscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor MediusAnterior DivisionObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Flexes ThighAdducts thigh; to some extend flexes itThighBody and inferior ramus of pubisPectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor Magnus: Adductor partPosterior DivisionObturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branches of posterior divisionFlexes ThighAdducts thigh; flexes thighThighInferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischiumGluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar lineDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor hallucis longus (4)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Flexes toeFlexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports mediallongitudinal arch of footToeInterior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membraneBase of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Muscles of foot: 1st and 2nd Layers of soleAbductor digiti minimi (1st layer)Plantar NerveLateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Flexes toeAbducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)ToeMedial and lateral tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septaLateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digitMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegAnterior compartment: Tibialis anterior (1)Fibular NerveDeep fibular nerve (L4, L5)Inverts footDorsiflexes ankle and inverts footFootLateral condyle and superior half of lateralsurface of tibia and interosseous membraneMedial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsalDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legTibialis posterior (6)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5)Inverts footPlantarflexes ankle; inverts footFootInterosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fiblaTuberosity of navicular cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsalsMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus mediusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phasePelvisExternal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal linesLateral surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus minimusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phasePelvisExternal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal linesAnterior surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighTensor of fascia lataGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phasePelvisAnterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crestIliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Long headSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Laterally rotates legFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).LegIschial tuberosityLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeBiceps femoris: Short headSciatic nerveCommon fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)Laterally rotates legFlexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g., accelerartingmass during first step of gait).LegLinea aspera and lateral suprcondylar line of femurLateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of kneeMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Laterally rotates thighFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Thigh, Hip JointAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighObturator externusObturator NerveObturator nerve (L3, L4)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulumThighMargins of obturator foramen and obturator membraneTrochanteric fossa of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus maximusGluteal NerveInferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)Laterally rotates thighExtends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting positionThighIlium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligamentMost fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosityMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighObturator internusNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighPelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bonesMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighSuperior GemelliNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighIschial spineMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighInferior GemelliNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighIschial tuberosityMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighQuadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulumThighLateral border of ischial tuberosityQuadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to itMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPectineusFemoral Nerve and Obturator NerveFermoral Nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerveMedial rotation of thighAdducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thighThighsuperior ramus of pubispectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanterMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointSartoriusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Medially rotate legFlexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)Leg, KneeAnterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to itSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighGracilisObturator NerveObturator nerve (L2, L3)Medially rotate legAdducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg mediallyLegBody and inferior ramus of pubisSuperior part of medial surface of tibiaMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus mediusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Medially rotate thighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighExternal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal linesLateral surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus minimusGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Medially rotate thighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighExternal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal linesAnterior surface of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighTensor of fascia lataGluteal NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)Medially rotate thighAbduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phaseThighAnterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crestIliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemitendinosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Medially rotates legExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkLegIschial tuberosityMedial surface of superior part of tibiaMuscles of Posterior Thigh: Extensors of Hip and Flexors of KneeSemimembranosusSciatic nerveTibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)Medially rotates legExtend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunkLegIschial tuberosityPosterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)Deep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legPopliteusTibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)Medially rotates tibia of unplanted limbWeakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degree on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limbUnplanted limbLateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscusPosterior surface of tibia superior to soleal lineMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegLateral compartment: Fibularis longus (5)Fibular NerveSuperficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)Plantarflexes ankleEverts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankleAnkleHead and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibulaBase of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiformMuscles of Anterior and Lateral Compartments of LegLateral compartment: Fibularis brevis (6)Fibular NerveSuperficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)Plantarflexes ankleEverts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankleAnkleInferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibulaDorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsalSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegGastrocnemius (1)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Plantarflexes anklePlantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee jointAnkleLateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femurMedial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condylePosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegSoleus (2)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Plantarflexes anklePlantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on footAnkle, KneePosterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachementPosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegPlantaris (3)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Plantarflexes ankleWeakly assists gastrocnemius oin plantarflexing ankleAnkleInferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligamentPosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor hallucis longus (4)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Plantarflexes ankleFlexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports mediallongitudinal arch of footAnkleInterior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membraneBase of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Deep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor digitorum longus (5)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Plantarflexes ankleFlexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of footAnkleMedial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal ilne; by a broad tendon to fibulaBases of distal phalanges of lateral four digitsDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legTibialis posterior (6)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5)Plantarflexes anklePlantarflexes ankle; inverts footAnkleInterosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fiblaTuberosity of navicular cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsalsSuperficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegGastrocnemius (1)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Raises heelPlantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee jointHeelLateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femurMedial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condylePosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIlliopsoasLumbar NervesAnterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)Stabilizes Hip jointAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointHip JointSides of T12-L5 vertebrae and iscs betweenthem; transverse processes of all umbar vertebraeLesser trochanter of femurMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPsoas minorLumbar NervesAnterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)Stabilizes Hip jointAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointHip JointSides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discsPectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal archMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIliacusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Stabilizes Hip jointAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointHip JointIliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligamentsTendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to itMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighObturator externusObturator NerveObturator nerve (L3, L4)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumMargins of obturator foramen and obturator membraneTrochanteric fossa of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighObturator internusNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumPelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bonesMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighSuperior GemelliNerve to Obturator InternusNerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumIschial spineMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighInferior GemelliNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumIschial tuberosityMedial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighQuadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femorisNerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumLateral border of ischial tuberosityQuadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to itMuscle of Anterior Thigh: Extensors of KneeQuadriceps Femoris: Rectus femorisFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)Steadies hip jointExtend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh Hip JointAnterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulumVia common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medal and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)Superficial Muscles of Posterior Compartment of LegSoleus (2)Tibial NerveTibial nerve (S1, S2)Steadies legPlantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on footLeg, FootPosterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachementPosterior surface of calcaneus via calcneal tendonMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighGluteus maximusGluteal NerveInferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)Steadies thighExtends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting positionThighIlium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligamentMost fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosityDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor hallucis longus (4)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Support medial longitudinal arch of footFlexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports mediallongitudinal arch of footFootInterior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membraneBase of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)Deep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legFlexor digitorum longus (5)Tibial NerveTibial Nerve (S2, S3)Support medial longitudinal arch of footFlexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of footFootMedial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal ilne; by a broad tendon to fibulaBases of distal phalanges of lateral four digitsMuscles of foot: 3rd and 4th Layers of soleAdductor hallucis (3rd layer)Plantar NerveDeep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)Transverse arch of foot mediallyTraditionally said to adduct 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals mediallyFootOblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) jointsTendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digitDeep Muscles of Posterior compartment of legPopliteusTibial NerveTibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)Unlock KneeWeakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degree on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limbKnee, femurLateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscusPosterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line

By NerveBy NerveMuscle GroupMuscleNerve GroupNerveSplit ActionOverall ActionInvolved Body partProximal AttachmentDistal AttachmentMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor LongusAnterior DivisionObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Adducts thighAdducts thighThighBody of pubis inferior to pubis crestMiddle third of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Medial Thigh: Adductors of ThighAdductor MediusAnterior DivisionObturator nerve, branch of anterior division (L2, L3, L4)Flexes ThighAdducts thigh; to some extend flexes itThighBody and inferior ramus of pubisPectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Laterally rotates thighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Abducts ThighLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumThighAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscles of Gluteal region: Abductors and Rotators of ThighPiriformisAnterior RamiBranches of anterior rami S1, S2Steadies head of femur in acetabulumLaterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulumHead of femur, AcetabulumAnterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligamentSuperior border of greater trochanter of femurMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointPectineusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerveAdducts thighAdducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thighThighsuperior ramus of pubispectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanterMuscle of Anterior Thigh:Flexors of Hip JointIliacusFemoral NerveFermoral Nerve (L2,L3)Flexes ThighAct conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this jointThigh, Hip JointIliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligamentsTendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter,