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Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
الرحیم الرحمن الله بسم
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Anatomy of lower limb
Shirin Kamalgharibi
Master degree of physiotherapy
Surface Anatomy: Anterior Thigh + Leg
Palpate Patella Condyles of femur
Femoral Triangle Sartorius (lateral) Adductor longus (medial) Inguinal ligament
(superior) Femoral a + v, lymph
nodes
pg 792
Surface Anatomy: Posterior Leg
Popliteal fossa Diamond-shape fossa
behind knee Boundaries
Biceps femoris (sup-lat) Semitendinosis +
semimembranosis (sup-med)
Gastrocnemius heads (inf) Contents
Popliteal a + v
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
عانه ) ( شرمگاه
دکتر فنی دانشکده شریعتی
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Bony structure of the pelvis
MAIN STRUCTURES Hip bone (innominate,
os coxae)--fusion of Ilium (“hips”) Ischium (“rear”) Pubis (anterior midline)
Sacrum and coccyx Acetabulum Femur--head, neck,
greater trochanter
HOLES False and true pelvis
(major, minor pelvis) Pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrospinous ligament Greater, lesser sciatic
foramen Obturator foramen
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Female Male
Cavity is broad, shallow Pelvic inlet oval + outlet round Bones are lighter, thinner Pubic angle larger Coccyx more flexible, straighter Ischial tuberosities shorter,
more everted
Cavity is narrow, deep Smaller inlet + outlet Bones heavier, thicker Pubic angle more acute Coccyx less flexible, more curved Ischial tuberosities longer, face
more medially
ران استخوان
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Tibia/fibula
Tibia--big toe side Fibula--little toe side
(no pronation/supination)
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Ankle
Talus--forms ankle joint
Calcaneus--forms heel
Muscles that flex thigh at hip
Sartorius Iliopsoas Tensor fasciae lata Rectus femoris
(only quad with origin on pelvis)
Pectineus (medial compartment)
Originate from vertebral column and pelvis and pass anterior to hip joint
Muscles that flex thigh at hip: individually(
Tensor fascia lataIliopsoas
Sartorius Rectus femoris
Pectineus
Inserts on tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Thigh extensors (posterior)
Gluteus maximus Hamstrings (cross hip
and knee joints: extend thigh & flex knee) Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
_______
HamstringsBiceps femoris long head
Biceps femoris short head
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
cross hip and knee joints:extend thigh and flex knee
Abductors of thigh
Buttocks muscles that lie lateral to hip joint
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus (under medius)
Tensor fascia lata
Thigh abductors
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Buttocks muscles that lie lateral to the hip joint
Lateral rotators Piriformis Also shown are other
rotators and the gluteus muscles
Piriformis laterally rotates hip; also helps abduct hip if
it is flexed
Adduction of thigh
Muscles originatemedial to hip joint
Gracilis Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus
Thigh adductors(originate medial to hip joint)Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
PectineusAdductor brevisGracilis
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Medial thigh (obturator n.)
Adductor muscles Gracilis Adductor
• Magnus• Longus• brevis
Knee extensors Quadraceps femoris – the only extensors of the leg (lower leg) at the knee
Rectus femoris (only quad with origin on pelvis)
Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis
Antagonized by hamstrings
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medialis
Rectus femoris(only quad with origin on the pelvis)
Quadriceps
_________Insert: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Anterior thigh (femoral n.)
Sartorius (Tailor’s muscle)
Quads (four) Rectus femoris
(crosses hip) 3 vastus mm.
(vast--big)
Posterior compartment of leg
Superficial: these plantarflex foot
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Posterior leg
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Posterior leg continued
Deep
Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibilialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus Deep posterior leg
Posterior Leg (tibial n.)
Flexors (plantarflexors) Gastrocs and
soleus Flexor digitorum
longus Flexor hallucus
longus
Anterior leg extensorsMainly extend toes
and dorsiflex foot
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
More pics
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Anterior Leg (deep fibular n.)
Extensors (dorsiflexors) Fibularis (peroneus)
longus Extensor digitorum
longus Extensor hallicus longus Tibialis anteriorus
Lateral compartment of leg Fibularis (peroneus)
longus: to first metatarsal
and cuneiform Fibularis (peroneus)
brevis: to fifth metatarsal
38
39
40
Intrinsics of foot
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Lumbar and sacral plexus
Lumbar plexus forms femoral n.—anterior
Sacral plexus forms sciatic n.--posterior
Femoral n.
Sciatic n.
External iliac artery
Inguinal ligament
Common femoral artery
Profunda femoris artery
Superficial femoral artery
477
Anterior Thigh
44
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Lower LImb
Blood supply to lower limb
Internal Iliac Cranial + Caudal Gluteals= gluteals Internal Pudendal = perineum, external
genitalia Obturator = adductor muscles
External Iliac Femoral = lower limb
• Deep femoral = adductors, hamstrings, quadriceps
Popliteal (continuation of femoral) • Geniculars = knee• Anterior Tibial = ant. leg muscles, further
branches to feet• Posterior Tibial = flexor muscles, plantar arch,
branches to toes
Anterior Ankle
Anterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artry
485
Medial
Lumbar plexus (femoral nerve)
Sacral plexus (sciatic nerve)
With leg out to side like quadruped, lumbar-anterior, sacral-posterior makes sense