Anatomical Position Sec. 1.9

• Anterior/Posterior (ventral/dorsal)

Anatomical Position

• Lateral/Medial

Anatomical Position

• Superior/Inferior

Proximal/Distal

Sections Through the Body

• 1. Transverse• 2. Frontal• 3. Saggital

Saggital Plane

Transverse

Bones of the leg pp. 248 - 249

• Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Leg - Patella

Bones of the leg

• Femur

Pelvis pg. 244

• Ilium• Pubis• Ischium

Pg. 245

Welcome to BIOS 2310Human Anatomy & Physiology IInstructor: Mr. Todd Templeton

• Today’s Agenda:– Discussion of the syllabus.– Presentation of today’s topics:

• Anatomical Position• Introduction to the Skeletal System• Class will end at 4:40

Anatomical Position Sec. 1.9

• Anterior/Posterior (ventral/dorsal)

Anatomical Position

• Lateral/Medial

Anatomical Position

• Superior/Inferior

Anatomical Position

• Proximal: nearer the point of origin.

• Distal: farther from the point of origin.

Proximal/Distal

Sections Through the Body

• 1. Transverse• 2. Frontal• 3. Saggital

Saggital Plane

Transverse

Bones of the leg pp. 248 - 249

• Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Leg - Patella

Bones of the leg

• Femur

Bones of the Ankle and Foot

• Pp. 250 - 251

• Tarsals:• Calcaneus• Talus• Metatarsals• Phalanges

Pg. 245

Shoulder and Thoraxpp. 238 – 239, pp. 234 - 235

• Clavicle• Scapula• Sternum• True Ribs 1 – 7

(vertebrosternal)• False Ribs 8 – 12

vertebrochondral (8 – 10). 11 & 12 are floating or vertebral ribs.

• Costal Cartilage

Shoulder and Thoraxpp. 238 – 239, pp. 234 - 235

• Clavicle• Scapula• Sternum• True Ribs 1 – 7

(vertebrosternal)• False Ribs 8 – 12

vertebrochondral (8 – 10). 11 & 12 are floating or vertebral ribs.

• Costal Cartilage

Arm• Pp. 240 - 241• Humerus• Radius• Ulna

Arm: Radius and Ulna

Arm: Humerus

Wrist and Handpg. 242 - 243

• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges

Cervical #1 (atlas), cervical #2 (axis) and another cervical vertebra

Thoracic Vertebrae12 bones pg. 231

Lumbar Vertebrae5 Bones pg. 232

Vertebrae

• Sacrum – 5 bones, fused. Pg. 233

• Coccyx – 4 bones, fused.

Day 2 Begins Here

Skull pp. 212 - 225• Mandible• Maxilla• Nasal• Zygomatic• Frontal• Temporal• Parietal• Occipital• Sphenoid• Ethmoid

Hyoid pg. 225

• The only bone that does not touch another bone.

Axial and Appendicular Skeleton pg. 211 & pg. 237

Gender Differences

Greater Sciatic Notch

Gender Differences

Body Systems are Interrelated

The Systems of the Human Bodypp. 16 - 17

Transport.

Breaks down nutrients. Produces hormones that regulate cell functions.

Systems of the Human Body

Skin Defenses Movement

Systems of the Human Body

Monitors and maintains our internal environment Exchanges oxygen and

carbon dioxide with blood.

Systems of the Human Body

Removes toxins and excess molecules from blood.

Day 3 Begins Here

Bone Structure• Structurally, bone is classified into 2 types:• 1) Spongy Bone (pg. 191) Note the trabeculae.

Bone Structure• 2) Compact bone • pp. 191.• Note: we will discuss

the microscopic structure of bone in the next unit.

Bones are divided into 4 basic shapes pg. 184

1: Long Bones (pg. 186)• Longer than wide• Cylinder shaped.• Located in the appendicular

skeleton. • Diaphysis (compact)• Epiphysis (spongy)

Long Bone

• Medullary Canal• Yellow marrow• Periosteum

2: Short Bones• Cube-like.• Filled with spongy bone, with a thin layer of compact covering it.• No hollow medullary canal present.

3. Flat Bone• Thin, flat.• Spongy bone interior (diploe),

compact bone exterior.

4. Irregular Bone

• Usually described as a cross between a flat bone and a short bone.

• Spongy interior. • Vertebrae and some skull bones would be

examples.

Intramembranous Ossification

Hydroencephalus

Endochondral Ossification

Ephiphyseal Plate

Epiphyseal (Growth) Plate

Growth Plate Fused

Epiphyseal line.

Fetal Bone Growth pg. 197

Greenstick Fracture

Day 4 Begins Here

Today’s Agenda

• Today we will look at joint structure and function, along with lever systems. Ch. 8

• After lab we will begin preparations for exam #1, which is the next class meeting.

Suture Joint

Synovial Joint

4. Saddle

• Metacarpal to carpal of thumb.

25 year old female, no shoesSame woman, w/ 3 inch heels.

Effects of high heels.

Levers that multiply effort:

The components of a lever:

• Fulcrum• Effort (Force)

• Load (Resistance)

Speed Lever