ANATOMI & FISIOLOGI TELINGA
http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicin
Telinga Luar Fungsi : meneruskan suara ke telinga tengah dan
melindungi alat alat di sebelah dalamnya terhadap pengaruh luar.
Terdiri atas : Daun telinga ( auricula) Liang telinga ( Meatus
Acusticus Externus) Membrana Timpani
Daun Telinga ( Auricula)Daun telinga terdiri dari tulang rawan
elastin kecuali pada bagian lobulus (jar. Fibroareolar)
Perdarahan: bagian anterior: a. temporalis superficialis bagian
posterior: a. auricularis posterior
Liang Telinga Panjang: 2.5cm pada orang dewasa 1/3 lateral :
tulang rawan, bentuk huruf s Mengandung: folikel rambut, glandula
sebacea, modifikasi glandula sudorifera Sekresi kedua glandula
ditambah debu & epitel serumen
2/3 medial: bagian tulang Mengandung sedikit kelenjar tanpa
folikel rambut
Membran timpani
Fungsi: merubah gelombang suara menjadi getaran mekanis, u/
diteruskan melalui tulang2 pendengaran Bentuk elips, diameter 1cm,
berwarna putih mengkilat seperti mutiara, permukaan konkaf Terdiri
dari 2 bagian: pars tensa, pars flaccida 4 lapisan (luar dalam):
kulit, lapisan fibrosa radial & sirkuler, lapisan mukosa
http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/senseorgans/
Telinga Tengah (Cavitas Tympanica)Terdiri atas: Udara Tulang
pendengaran (maleus, incus, stapes) Otot (m. stapedius, m. tensor
tympani) Chorda tympani Fungsi: tulang pendengaran: meneruskan
& memperbesar transmisi getaran suara ke membran timpani m.
Tensor tympani: menarik manubrium mallei ke medial ( amplitudo
getaran)
Tulang-tulang pendengaran
http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/senseorgans/ear%20bones.gif
http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/middle_ear.GIF
Malleus Manubrium mallei tangkai yg melekat pd permukaan dlm
membrana tympani Caput mallei berarticulatio dng incus dan
distabilkan dng adanya ligamentum mallei superius Collum mallei
Processus anterior mallei
Incus Corpus incudis berhubungan dng malleus melalui articulatio
incudomallearis Crus breve incudis Crus breve incudis Crus longum
incudis
Corpus incudis
Crus longum incudis
Stapes Basis stapedis Crus anterius stapedius & crus
posterius stapedis Caput stapedisCaput stapedis
Crus anterius stapedius & crus posterius stapedis Basis
stapedis
Tuba Eustachius
Fungsi: 1. mengalirkan udara ke telinga tengah. udara di telinga
tengah diserap darah tekanan di telinga tengah membran timpani
relaksasi 2. Mengalirkan mukus yg normal diproduksi di telinga
tengah keluar menuju hidung untung mencegah akumulasi
http://familydoctor.co.uk/media/upload/EU
Telinga DalamTerdiri atas: Saluran-saluran tulang (labyrinthus
osseus) Spatium perilymphaticum terdapat kantung & saluran
yaitu labyrinthus membranaceus yg berisi endolymph Sistem ini
dikelilingi oleh cairan perilympha
labyrinthus osseus Canales semisircularis 2/3 lingkaran anterior
(superior) posterior lateralis
Vestibulum Sacculus UtriculusBag, labyrinthu s membran aceus
Cochlea berbentuk kulit
keonghttp://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine
labyrinthus MembranaceusBerisi endolympha & terdiri atas:
Ductus semicircularis 3 buah, pelebaran pd satu ujungnya (ampulla
membranacea) berisi crista ampullaris sensor dari pergerakan
endolympha terhadap pergerakan kepala Utriculus & saculus
Utriculus mendeteksi gerakan kepala di bidang sagital (atas &
bawah) Macula sacculi gerakan kepala di bidang frontal Ductus
cochearis Organ corti reseptor getaran suara
labyrinthus osseus perilimfe komposisi: ion yg serupa dng CES di
tempat lain, namun kandungan proteinnya sangat rendah labyrinthus
Membranaceus endolimf kandungan Na rendah, K tinggi. Konsentrasi
protein kecil
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http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine
http://www.americanflyers.net/aviationlibrary/pilots_hand
http://www.patient.co.uk/p
Fisiologi Pendengaran
http://www.theuniversityhospital.com/cochlearweb/i
http://www.robinsoneye.com
http://arch1design.com/blog/wp-content/uploa
http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/ana
1). Sound waves are propagated through the air. 2). The pinna
and the auditory canal focus the waves. 3). Sound wave strikes the
tympanic membrane and starts it vibrating. 4). The malleus is
secured to the membrane and passes the same total forces through
thestapes and into the oval window. 5). The oval window is smaller
so the force becomes concentrated. (pressure is related to area)
6). The wave is passed on to the cochlea and the fluid filled
chamber vibrates. It also causes the fluid to vibrate the round
window. Fluids cannot be compressed. So when the stapes moves in
and out and the membrane moves up and down the round or cochlear
window will also move in and out. 7). Hair cells in the Organ of
Corti are stimulated by activity in the membrane High pitch
activates cells near oval window and low pitch activates cells
further away. 8). Stimuli are sent to the spiral ganglia and the
cochlear nerve. 9). To the auditory reflex center of the midbrain.
10). To the thalamus. 11). To the auditory cortex in the temporal
lobe. 12). Each auditory cortex receives input from both ears. 13).
Cortical processing distinguishes wavelengths and sounds.
http://www.kids-ent.com/images/cl
Ear infections are more common in children because their
eustachian tubes are shorter, narrower, and more horizontal than in
adults, making the movement of air and fluid difficult. Bacteria
can become trapped when the tissue of the eustachian tube becomes
swollen from colds or allergies. Bacteria trapped in the eustachian
tube may produce an ear infection
http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics
http://www.pediatriconcall.com/fordoctor/DiseasesandCondition/infectious_diseases/images/Ear2%5B1%5D.jpg
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08
Otitis Media AkutEpidemiologi
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