Analysis of Pesticides and Mycotoxins in Cannabis Brownies

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Analysis of Pesticides and Mycotoxins in Cannabis Brownies

By Nathaly Reyes and Colton Myers

AbstractGovernment regulations in California require the cannabis industry to test edible products for an extensive list of pesticides and mycotoxins. Here, an effective workflow for this complex analysis was developed in brownies, and optimization strategies are detailed in order to provide a starting point for similar matrices. Both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS were employed and excellent results for LOQ, linearity, accuracy, and precision were attained for all the target compounds.

IntroductionLegalization of cannabis (marijuana) for recreational and medical purposes demands accurate, reliable analytical methods to assess the qual-ity and safety of any cannabis-derived product. Developing effective methods requires careful consideration of analyte properties and matrix effects, and testing is further complicated because requirements vary by country and state for different product types. Among the various commercially available cannabis products, edibles constitute one of the most popular categories. Edibles encompass a broad variety of prod-ucts, including several types of beverages, chocolates, baked goods, and candy among others. Currently, the state of California demands the analysis of an extensive list of pesticides and mycotoxins not only in cannabis flower but also in cannabis-derived goods [1]. For this reason, methods capable of tackling challenges for different matrices are highly desired.

The work presented here describes the development of a test method for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies using the California list. We selected brownies as a model matrix due to their popularity among cannabis edibles users, and also because they contain high levels of potential interferences (carbohydrates and fats). We discuss the development work that was necessary to optimize this method for brownies as a point of reference for labs developing methods for similar edibles (e.g., cookies or other baked goods). The final method established here for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies provided excellent results in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of quantitation (LOQs).

ExperimentalInitially, method development work was performed to optimize the sample preparation procedure and to assess the impact of matrix effects on quantitative analysis. The outcome of those experiments is discussed in the results section, and the final recommended methodology for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies is presented here.

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Sample PreparationFor a solid sample like brownies, the first step in sample preparation is matrix homogenization. We used a SPEX Freezer/Mill grinder to pulverize the sample into a fine powder. Samples were precooled for 2 min, then, three cycles of 2 min grinding (at 15 cps) and 1 min cooling produced a loose, homogeneous powder that was easy to work with. (Alternatively, a food processor with dry ice could be used.)

Pulverized blank brownie matrix (0.5 g) was weighed into 4.0 mL glass vials (cat.# 24654) and fortified with pesticides and mycotoxins at the levels defined in Table I. A mixture of internal standards was added at 200 ng/g (compounds listed in Table II). 1.5 mL of acetonitrile acidi-fied with 1% acetic acid was added to the sample. The sample was vortexed and sonicated for 5 min (no centrifugation required), and then the supernatant was passed through a 100 mg Resprep C18 SPE cartridge (cat.# 26030). An additional 1.5 mL of extraction solvent (acidi-fied acetonitrile) was added to the sample pellet, and then the sample was vortexed again. The supernatant was passed through the same C18 cartridge.

For LC-MS/MS analysis, 750 µL of supernatant was mixed with 250 µL of water, and then centrifuged for 5 min at a low temperature (~7 ⁰C). A 2 μL aliquot of final extract was injected into the LC-MS/MS system.

For GC-MS/MS analysis, the remaining supernatant was transferred to a Q-sep QuEChERS dSPE tube containing pre-weighed magnesium sulfate and PSA (cat.# 26215). After vortexing and centrifuging, 500 μL of extract was mixed with 500 μL of acidified acetonitrile. A 1 μL aliquot of final extract was injected into the GC-MS/MS system.

Calibration Standards and Quality Control (QC) SamplesA nine-point calibration curve ranging from 5 to 700 ng/g was prepared in matrix in triplicate to assess linearity and allow quantita-tive analysis. To evaluate method accuracy and precision, three different QC concentration levels (10, 100, and 500 ng/g) were prepared in quadruplicate. For both the calibration standards and the QC samples, 0.5 g of pulverized blank brownie samples were weighed in 4 mL vials. Table I summarizes the µL of stock solution added to each vial to obtain different concentrations in matrix.

Table I: Preparation of calibration standard and QC sample concentration levels.

DescriptionConcentration

in Matrix (ng/g)Volume of Fortification

Solution Added (µL)Concentration of Fortification

Solution (ng/mL)

Calibration 1 5 10 250

QC Low 10 20 250



Calibration 4 75 37.5 1000

QC Medium 100 50 1000





QC High 500 50 5000


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Instrument ConditionsLC-MS/MS analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies was performed using a 2.7 µm x 100 mm x 2.1 mm Raptor ARC-18 analytical column (cat.# 9314A12) and a Shimadzu LCMS-8060 LC-MS/MS. General instrument conditions, compound-spe-cific ESI polarity, and analyte transitions are provided in Figure 1.

GC-MS/MS analysis was performed using a 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm Rxi-5ms (cat.# 13423) analyti-cal column and a Thermo Scientific TSQ 8000 triple quadrupole GC-MS/MS. Instrument conditions and analyte transitions are provided in Figure 2. Note that it was important to use a single taper inlet liner with wool (cat.# 23447) for this application. The wool packing enhances vaporization and mixing/homoge-nization with the carrier gas for better reproducibility, and the taper at the bottom of the liner funnels analytes onto the column, reducing the potential for interactions with the inlet seal. In addition, a 10 min hold time was used at the end of each run in order to ensure that compounds would not carry over and interfere with subsequent analyses.

Results and DiscussionChromatographic PerformanceIn order to cover all of the compounds regulated by the state of California, we developed both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods. Although the major-ity of pesticides are easily analyzed using LC-MS/MS, hydrophobic pesticides, such as chlordane, methyl parathion, captan, chlorfenapyr, and pentachloro-nitrobenzene (PCNB), are either not detectable or are very poorly ionized under electrospray ioniza-tion conditions. Other pesticides, such as cyfluthrin and cypermethrin, have rather low responses in ESI, but they can be analyzed using both GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS instrumental methods. In order to achieve an acceptable ESI response for these two analytes, ionization source temperatures should be set at relative low values. In our case, the interface, desolvation line, and heating block temperatures were all set at 100 °C. In this work, chlordane, methyl parathion, captan, chlorfenapyr, and pentachloroni-trobenzene (PCNB) were analyzed using GC-MS/MS; cyfluthrin and cypermethrin were analyzed using both instrumental platforms; and the rest of the pesti-cides and mycotoxins were run using only LC-MS/MS. Figures 1 and 2 show the LC and GC chromato-grams for the target analytes, respectively. One of the main advantages of our LC gradient conditions is that all mycotoxins elute between 2.4 and 3.6 minutes, while the main cannabinoids, such as CBD, CBG, CBN, THC, and THCA-A, will start to elute after 5.6 min. Based on a comparison to a mixed cannabinoids standard analyzed under the same conditions used here, the only coelutions between the target analytes and the main cannabinoids would be between CBD and piperonyl butoxide (5.7 min); CBG and chlorpy-rifos (5.8); and cyfluthrin and CBN (6.5 min). THC (delta 8 and 9) and THCA-A did not coelute with any of the target compounds.

Table II: Internal standards (ISTD) and target compounds for LC anal-ysis (atrazine-D5 was used for GC analysis shown in Figure 2.)

Compound TypeISTD

Group

Daminozide-D6 ISTD 8

Daminozide Target 8

Acephate Target 3

Oxamyl Target 2

Flonicamid Target 3

Methomyl Target 2

Thiamethoxam Target 2

Imidacloprid Target 2

Mevinphos I Target 2

Mevinphos II Target 2

Acetamiprid Target 1

Dimethoathe-D6 ISTD 3

Dimethoate Target 3

Thiacloprid Target 1

Aldicarb Target 2

Dichlorvos Target 4

Dichlorvos-D6 ISTD 4

Imazalil Target 1

Carbofuran Target 1

Propoxur Target 1

Carbaryl-D7 ISTD 5

Carbaryl Target 5

Diuron-D6 ISTD 2

Atrazine-D5 ISTD 7

Naled Target 2

Metalaxyl Target 2

Spiroxamin Target 1

Chlorantraniliprole Target 2

Phosmet Target 1

Azoxystrobin Target 2

Linuron-D6 ISTD 1

Fludioxonil Target 1

Methiocarb Target 2

Boscalid Target 1

Dimethomorph I Target 2

Paclobutrazol Target 1

Dimethomorph II Target 2

Malathion Target 1

Myclobutanil Target 1

Bifenazate Target 1

Fenhexamid Target 1

Spirotetramat Target 1

Fipronil Target 1

Ethoprophos Target 1

Fenoxycarb Target 1

Kresoxim methyl Target 6

Tebuconazole Target 1

Diazinon-D10 ISTD 6

Diazinon Target 6

Spinosad A Target 6

Pyridaben Target 6

Coumaphos Target 6

Propiconazole Target 1

Clofentezine Target 1

Spinosad (Spinosyn D) Target 6

Spinetoram (Spinosyn J) Target 6

Prallethrin Target 1

Trifloxystrobin Target 6

Pyrethrin II Target 6

Spinetoram (Spinosyn L) Target 6

Piperonyl butoxide Target 1

Chlorpyrifos Target 1

Hexythiazox Target 1

Etoxazole Target 6

Spiromesifen Target 6

Pyrethrin I Target 1

Cyfluthrin Target 1

Fenpyroximate Target 6

Cypermethrin Target 2

Abamectine Target 6

Permethrin-trans Target 6

Permethrin-cis Target 6

Etofenprox Target 6

Bifenthrin Target 2

Acequinocyl 343 Target 6

Acequinocyl 402 Target 6

Aflatoxin G2 Target 1

Aflatoxin G1 Target 1

Aflatoxin B2 Target 1

Ochratoxin A Target 1

Aflatoxin B1 Target 1

Compound TypeISTD

Group

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Figure 1: LC-MS/MS analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies.

tR Precursor Product Product Peaks (min) Ion Ion 1 Ion 2 Polarity 1. Daminozide-d6 0.6 167.0 149.3 49.3 + 2. Daminozide 0.7 161.1 44.1 143.2 + 3. Acephate 1.5 184.0 143.1 95.1 + 4. Oxamyl 1.8 237.1 72.1 90.1 + 5. Flonicamid 1.9 230.1 203.1 174.1 + 6. Methomyl 1.9 163.1 88.1 106.1 + 7. Thiamethoxam 1.9 292.0 211.1 181.1 + 8. Imidacloprid 2.2 256.1 209.1 175.1 + 9. Mevinphos I 2.2 225.1 127.1 193.2 + 10. Acetamiprid 2.2 223.0 126.1 56.1 + 11. Dimethoathe-d6 2.2 236.1 205.1 - + 12. Dimethoate 2.3 230.0 199.1 125.1 + 13. Thiacloprid 2.4 253.0 126.0 90.1 + 14. Mevinphos II 2.4 225.1 127.1 193.2 + 15. Aflatoxin G2 2.4 331.2 189.3 115.2 + 16. Aflatoxin G1 2.4 329.2 243.2 215.3 + 17. Aldicarb 2.5 116.0 89.2 70.2 + 18. Aflatoxin B2 2.5 315.3 287.2 243.3 + 19. Dichlorvos 2.6 220.9 109.1 79.2 + 20. Dichlorvos-d6 2.6 227.0 115.1 - + 21. Aflatoxin B1 2.6 313.2 241.2 128.2 + 22. Imazalil 2.6 297.0 159.0 201.0 + 23. Carbofuran 2.6 222.1 123.1 165.2 + 24. Propoxur 2.6 210.1 111.1 93.1 + 25. Carbaryl-d7 2.7 209.2 152.2 - + 26. Carbaryl 2.7 202.1 145.1 127.1 + 27. Diuron-d6 2.9 239.1 78.2 - + 28. Atrazine-d5 2.9 221.2 179.1 - + 29. Naled 2.9 397.8 127.1 109.1 + 30. Metalaxyl 2.9 280.2 220.2 192.2 + 31. Spiroxamine 2.9 298.3 144.2 100.2 + 32. Chlorantraniliprole 3.0 483.9 452.9 285.9 + 33. Phosmet 3.0 318.0 160.1 77.2 + 34. Azoxystrobin 3.1 404.0 372.1 344.1 + 35. Linuron-d6 3.1 255.1 160.1 - + 36. Fludioxonil 3.2 247.0 180.0 126.0 - 37. Methiocarb 3.2 226.1 169.1 121.1 + 38. Dimethomorph I 3.2 388.2 301.2 165.3 + 39. Boscalid 3.2 342.9 307.1 140.1 + 40. Paclobutrazol 3.3 294.3 70.1 125.1 + 41. Malathion 3.3 331.0 127.2 285.2 + 42. Dimethomorph II 3.4 388.2 301.2 165.3 +

tR Precursor Product Product Peaks (min) Ion Ion 1 Ion 2 Polarity 43. Myclobutanil 3.4 289.1 70.1 125.1 + 44. Bifenazate 3.4 301.0 198.1 170.2 + 45. Ochratoxin A 3.5 404.2 239.1 358.3 + 46. Fenhexamid 3.5 302.1 97.1 55.2 + 47. Spirotetramat 3.7 374.2 302.1 216.1 + 48. Ethoprophos 3.8 243.1 131.1 97.1 + 49. Fipronil 3.8 436.8 331.8 251.9 - 50. Fenoxycarb 3.9 302.1 88.1 116.1 + 51. Kresoxim-methyl 4.1 314.2 267.2 222.2 + 52. Tebuconazole 4.2 308.1 70.1 125.1 + 53. Diazinon-d10 4.2 315.2 170.2 - + 54. Spinosyn A (spinosad) 4.3 732.4 142.2 98.1 + 55. Diazinon 4.3 305.1 169.2 153.2 + 56. Coumaphos 4.4 363.1 227.1 307.1 + 57. Pyridaben 4.4 365.1 309.2 147.2 + 58. Propiconazole 4.4 342.0 159.0 69.2 + 59. Clofentezine 4.5 303.0 138.1 102.1 + 60. Spinosyn D (spinosad) 4.8 746.5 142.3 98.4 + 61. Spinosyn J (spinetoram) 4.8 748.5 142.3 98.3 + 62. Trifloxystrobin 4.9 409.2 186.1 145.1 + 63. Prallethrin 4.9 301.2 123.2 105.2 + 64. Pyrethrin II 5.2 373.1 161.1 133.2 + 65. Spinosyn L (spinetoram) 5.4 760.5 142.2 98.1 + 66. Piperonyl butoxide 5.7 356.3 177.2 119.2 + 67. Chlorpyrifos 5.8 349.9 198.0 97.1 + 68. Hexythiazox 5.9 353.1 228.1 168.1 + 69. Etoxazole 6.4 360.2 141.1 304.2 + 70. Spiromesifen 6.4 273.2 255.2 187.2 + 71. Pyrethrin I 6.6 329.2 161.2 105.2 + 72. Cyfluthrin (qualifier) 6.6 453.1 193.2 - + 73. Cyfluthrin 6.6 451.1 191.2 - + 74. Cypermethrin 6.8 433.1 191.0 416.0 + 75. Fenpyroximate 6.8 422.2 366.1 138.1 + 76. trans-Permethrin 7.4 408.3 183.2 355.1 + 77. cis-Permethrin 7.7 408.3 183.2 355.1 + 78. Avermectin B1a 7.7 890.5 305.4 567.4 + 79. Etofenprox 7.8 394.3 177.2 359.3 + 80. Bifenthrin 8.0 440.0 181.2 166.2 + 81. Acequinocyl (precursor ion 1) 9.3 402.3 343.2 189.0 + 82. Acequinocyl (precursor ion 2) 9.3 386.0 344.2 189.1 +

Time (min)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5

LC_GN0602

Column Raptor ARC-18 (cat.# 9314A12)Dimensions: 100 mm x 2.1 mm IDParticle Size: 2.7 µmPore Size: 90 ÅGuard Column: Raptor ARC-18 EXP guard column cartridge 5 mm,

2.1 mm ID, 2.7 µm (cat.# 9314A0252)Temp.: 40 °CSample California pesticide standard #1 (cat.# 34124) California pesticide standard #2 (cat.# 34125) California pesticide standard #3 (cat.# 34126) California pesticide standard #4 (cat.# 34127) California pesticide standard #5 (cat.# 34128) California pesticide standard #6 (cat.# 34129) Dimethoate-d6 (cat.# 31988) Dichlorvos-d6 (cat.# 31987) Carbaryl-d7 (cat.# 31985) Diazinon-d10 (cat.# 31986) Atrazine-d5 (cat.# 31984) Diuron-d6 (cat.# 31989) Liuron-d6 (cat.# 31990)Diluent: 75:25 Acetonitrile:water

Conc.: 5-15 ng/mL (Expected concentration range in extract of brownie initially spiked at 100 ng/g.)

Inj. Vol.: 2 µLMobile Phase A: Water, 2 mM ammonium formate,

0.1% formic acidB: Methanol, 2 mM ammonium formate,

0.1% formic acid Time (min) Flow (mL/min) %A %B 0.00 0.5 95 5 1.5 0.5 35 65 8.5 0.5 5 95 9.5 0.5 0 100 10.5 0.5 0 100 10.6 0.5 95 5 12 0.5 95 5 Detector MS/MSIon Mode: ESI+/ESI-Mode: MRM

Instrument UHPLCNotes Brownies were pulverized using a SPEX

Freezer/Mill grinder and 0.5 g samples were fortified with pesticides and mycotoxins at 100 ng/g. A mix of internal standards was added at 200 ng/g. 1.5 mL of acetonitrile acidified with 1% acetic acid was added to the sample. The sample was vortexed and sonicated for 5 min, and then the supernatant was passed through a 100 mg Resprep C18 SPE cartridge (cat.# 26030). An additional 1.5 mL of extraction solvent (acidified acetonitrile) was added to the sample pellet, and then the sample was vortexed again. The supernatant was passed through the same C18 cartridge. 750 µL of extract was mixed with 250 µL of water, and then centrifuged for 5 min at low temperature (~7 ⁰C). 2 µL of final extract was injected into the LC-MS/MS system.

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Figure 2: GC-MS/MS analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies.

Time (min)7 8 9 10 11 12 13

GC_GN1206

tR Precursor Product Transition Peaks (min) Polarity Ion Ion Type 1. Atrazine-d5 7.5 Positive 220.0 58.0 Quantifier 2. Atrazine-d5 7.5 Positive 205.0 127.0 Qualifier 3. Quintozene 7.8 Positive 294.9 236.9 Quantifier 4. Quintozene 7.8 Positive 236.8 118.9 Qualifier 5. Methyl parathion 8.2 Positive 263.0 109.0 Quantifier 6. Methyl parathion 8.2 Positive 263.0 79.0 Qualifier 7. Captan 9.1 Positive 184.0 149.1 Quantifier 8. Captan 9.1 Positive 184.0 134.1 Qualifier 9. trans-Chlordane 9.1 Positive 271.9 237.0 Quantifier 10. trans-Chlordane 9.1 Positive 372.9 265.9 Qualifier 11. cis-Chlordane 9.3 Positive 372.9 265.9 Quantifier 12. cis-Chlordane 9.3 Positive 271.9 237.0 Qualifier 13. Chlorfenapyr 9.5 Positive 247.1 227.1 Quantifier 14. Chlorfenapyr 9.5 Positive 59.1 31.1 Qualifier 15. Cyfluthrin 11.5 Positive 163.0 127.1 Quantifier 16. Cyfluthrin 11.5 Positive 199.1 170.1 Qualifier 17. Cypermethrin 11.7 Positive 163.0 127.1 Quantifier 18. Cypermethrin 11.7 Positive 181.1 152.1 Qualifier

Column Rxi-5ms, 30 m, 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 µm (cat.# 13423)Sample California pesticide standard #1 (cat.# 34124) California pesticide standard #2 (cat.# 34125) California pesticide standard #3 (cat.# 34126) California pesticide standard #4 (cat.# 34127) California pesticide standard #5 (cat.# 34128) California pesticide standard #6 (cat.# 34129) Atrazine-d5 (cat.# 31984)Diluent: AcetonitrileConc.: 5-7.5 ng/mL Expected concentration range in extract after extracting from brownie fortified at

100 ng/g (final extract was diluted in half with acetonitrile).InjectionInj. Vol.: 1 µL splitlessLiner: Topaz 4.0 mm ID single taper inlet liner w/wool (cat.# 23447)Inj. Temp.: 250 °CPurge Flow: 5 mL/minOvenOven Temp.: 90 °C (hold 1 min) to 310 °C at 25 °C/min (hold 10 min)Carrier Gas He, constant flowFlow Rate: 1.4 mL/minDetector MS/MSTransfer Line Temp.: 290 °CAnalyzer Type: QuadrupoleSource Temp.: 330 °CElectron Energy: 70 eVTune Type: PFTBAIonization Mode: EIInstrument Thermo Scientific TSQ 8000 Triple Quadrupole GC-MSNotes Brownies were pulverized using a SPEX Freezer/Mill grinder and 0.5 g samples were fortified

with pesticides and mycotoxins at 100 ng/g. A mix of internal standards was added at 200 ng/g. 1.5 mL of acetonitrile acidified with 1% acetic acid was added to the sample. The sample was vortexed and sonicated for 5 min, then the supernatant was passed through a 100 mg Resprep SPE C18 cartridge (cat.# 26030). An additional 1.5 mL of extraction solvent (acidified aceto-nitrile) was added to the sample pellet, and the sample was vortexed again. The supernatant was passed through the same C18 cartridge. After reserving 750 µL for LC-MS analysis, the remaining supernatant was transferred to a Q-sep QuEChERS dSPE tube containing pre-weighed magnesium sulfate and PSA (cat.# 26215). After vortexing and centrifuging, 500 µL of extract was mixed with 500 µL of acidified acetonitrile. 1 µL of final extract was injected into the GC-MS/MS system.

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Method Development Considerations: Sample Preparation OptimizationBecause our list of target compounds comprises a broad range of analytes with diverse physical/chemical properties and polarities, it is essen-tial that the sample preparation methodology be nonselective and to also ensure that major interferences are effectively removed without losing any of the target analytes. Acetonitrile, which is the extraction solvent traditionally used in QuEChERS methods, was employed here because it allows for the recovery of a broad range of polar and nonpolar compounds. Initially, we conducted experimental trials using 1 g of sample and at least 5 mL of acetonitrile per extraction. However, by reducing the sample size to 0.5 g, we were able to cut the extraction solvent volume to 3 mL per sample and still comply with the California regulations. Decreasing solvent waste allows for greener analytical practices and reduces the costs associated with sample analysis and waste disposal. Based on these benefits, acetonitrile extraction solvent and 0.5 g samples were used for further optimization experiments.

Of all the target analytes, daminozide is one of the most challenging, and additional adjustment of the extraction procedure was required to accommodate this pesticide. Daminozide is highly polar (log P = -1.5), so it is difficult to extract completely from the brownie matrix, and it is not easily retained under reversed-phase conditions. Additionally, low molecular weight compounds, such as daminozide, are more prone to interferences and high background noise when using MS, especially when having poor chromatographic retention. Several strategies were tested to enhance the recovery of daminozide at conditions that were also favorable for the rest of the target analytes.

The first parameter that was evaluated was the acidification of the extraction solvent. To this end, we compared the effect of using acetoni-trile with acetic acid (AA) at 1% (v/v) against extracting with pure acetonitrile. Figure 3 shows the results for those target compounds that exhibited at least a 40% difference between treatments. When extracting with acidified acetonitrile, the relative response of daminozide increased by about 80%, whereas spiroxamine and ochratoxin A showed an improvement of 45 and 47% in response, respectively. Based on these findings, and the fact that none of the target compounds showed a significant decrease in response, we used acetonitrile with 1% acetic acid as the extraction solvent in our final sample preparation workflow. This provides an additional benefit in that acidification of the extracts avoids the degradation of captan, a pesticide suitable for GC-MS/MS analysis that easily degrades at neutral to high pH values [2].

The second sample preparation parameter we evaluated was the application of a single 3 mL extraction versus a two-step (1.5 mL each) extraction. Figure 4 summarizes the results for those analytes that exhibited statistical differences (t-test, p-value <0.05 at a 95% confidence) between the two extraction conditions (both of which used acidified acetonitrile). Interestingly, daminozide exhibited the most significant improvement, with 40% increase in its relative response. The other analytes in the figure showed improvements in response ranging from 10 to 20%. The increase in relative responses seen here when using a second extraction step should result in higher sample extraction recoveries in real-world samples. As this effect depends on the analyte, matrix, and extraction solvent, an evaluation at the desired experimental condi-tions is always recommended.

Following extraction with acidified acetonitrile, a simple cleanup step with C18 SPE cartridges was used for all samples to remove major hydrophobic interferences that were coextracted from brownies. After this, samples for LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analysis were processed differently. LC-MS/MS samples were diluted in water and centrifuged, which permitted the separation of any remaining lipids that were not retained in the SPE cartridge because they are less soluble in the final extract once water is added. GC-MS/MS samples were treated with magnesium sulfate and primary secondary amine (PSA) dSPE cleanup to remove moisture and sugars prior to analysis. Note that because PSA can bind to pesticides such as daminozide and spiroxamine, dSPE was conducted only for the GC amenable pesticides.

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Figure 4: Comparison of relative responses corresponding to a two-step extraction vs. a single-step extraction (n=3).

0

20

40

60

80

100

1202 x 1.5 mL ACN with 1% AA 1 x 3 mL ACN with 1% AA

Rela

�ve

Resp

onse

(%)

Figure 3: Effect of acidification of the extraction solvent (n=3). Error bars correspond to standard deviations.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Daminozide Spiroxamine Ochratoxin A

ACN with 1% AA Only ACN

Rela

�ve

Resp

onse

(%)

Method Development Considerations: Minimizing Matrix EffectsIt is well known that electrospray ionization is prone to suppression/enhancement effects caused by coextracted matrix interferences. These issues can be overcome by adjusting the sample preparation method towards more selective conditions, using an appropriate internal stan-dard, and/or adjusting the chromatographic method to resolve analytes from coeluting interferences. For this reason, after selecting the experimental conditions for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies, an assessment of absolute matrix effects was conducted according to the methodology proposed by Matuszewski et al. [3]. To estimate absolute matrix effects, we compared the response of all target analytes fortified in blank matrix extract versus their response in neat solvent fortified at the same concentration (15 ppb). As can be seen in Figure 5, only daminozide showed a dramatic enhancement in its response. Considering the poor retention of daminozide at the LC gradient conditions selected for this work, this pesticide is likely coeluting with multiple unretained interferences normally occurring in matrices like brownies. Based on these results, daminozide-D6 was added to the group of internal standards to specifically correct for any variations associated with daminozide’s response.

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Figure 5: Absolute matrix effects for the LC amenable pesticides and mycotoxins.

0 40 80 120 160 200

DaminozideAcephate

OxamylFlonicamidMethomyl

ThiamethoxamImidaclopridMevinphos I

Mevinphos IIAcetamipridDimethoateThiacloprid

AldicarbDichlorvos

ImazalilCarbofuran

PropoxurCarbaryl

NaledMetalaxyl

SpiroxamineChlorantraniliprole

PhosmetAzoxystrobin

FludioxonilMethiocarb

BoscalidPaclobutrazol

Dimethomorph IDimethomorph II

MalathionMyclobutanil

BifenazateFenhexamid

SpirotetramatFipronil

EthoprophosFenoxycarb

Kresoxim methylTebuconazole

DiazinonSpinosad (spinosyn A)

PyridabenCoumaphos

PropiconazoleClofentezine

Spinosad (spinosyn D)Spinetoram (spinosyn J)

PrallethrinTrifloxystrobin

PyrethrinIISpinetoram (spinosyn L)

Piperonyl butoxideChlorpyrifosHexythiazox

EtoxazoleSpiromesifen

Pyrethrin ICyfluthrin

FenpyroximateCypermethrin

Abamec�nePermethrin-trans

Permethrin-cisEtofenproxBifenthrin

AcequinocylAflatoxin G2Aflatoxin G1Aflatoxin B2Aflatoxin B1

Ochratoxin A

Absolute Matrix Effects (%)

In addition to investigating absolute matrix effects, we assessed absolute analyte recoveries under the final method conditions. For this purpose, responses corresponding to brownie extracts obtained from samples fortified at 100 ng/g (prior to extraction) were compared to blank brownie extracts that were then fortified (post extraction) with the same amount of analytes. As shown in Figure 6, except for daminozide, the lowest analyte recoveries were 68% for spiroxam-ine and ochratoxin A. Despite the multiple efforts to enhance daminozide’s recovery, it was only possible to collect 30% of the originally spiked amount. This demonstrates that the best approach to obtain reli-able and accurate results when analyzing pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies is using a surro-gate (blank) matrix to prepare different calibration levels, and using a deuterated analogue for damino-zide. The use of calibrators prepared in solvent and a lack of appropriate internal standards will likely lead to biased measurements.

Absolute matrix effect (%) is calculated as: (response of fortified sample extract/response of fortified solvent) x 100.

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Figure 6: Pesticides and mycotoxins absolute recoveries at the opti-mized conditions (n=3).

0 20 40 60 80 100

DaminozideAcephate

OxamylFlonicamidMethomyl

ThiamethoxamImidaclopridMevinphos I

Mevinphos IIAcetamipridDimethoateThiacloprid

AldicarbDichlorvos

ImazalilCarbofuran

PropoxurCarbaryl

NaledMetalaxyl

SpiroxamineChlorantraniliprole

PhosmetAzoxystrobin

FludioxonilMethiocarb

BoscalidPaclobutrazol

Dimethomorph IDimethomorph II

MalathionMyclobutanil

BifenazateFenhexamid

SpirotetramatFipronil

EthoprophosFenoxycarb

Kresoxim methylTebuconazole

DiazinonSpinosad (spinosyn A)

PyridabenCoumaphos

PropiconazoleClofentezine

Spinosad (spinosyn D)Spinetoram (spinosyn J)

PrallethrinTrifloxystrobin

PyrethrinIISpinetoram (spinosyn L)

Piperonyl butoxideChlorpyrifosHexythiazox

EtoxazoleSpiromesifen

Pyrethrin ICyfluthrin

FenpyroximateCypermethrin

Abamec�nePermethrin-trans

Permethrin-cisEtofenprox

BifenthrinAcequinocylAflatoxin G2Aflatoxin G1Aflatoxin B2Aflatoxin B1

Ochratoxin A

Absolute Analyte Recoveries (%)

Absolute analyte recovery (%) is calculated as: (response of fortified matrix sample/response of fortified sample extract) x 100.

Method Validation ResultsMethod performance for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies was evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision. Summary results are presented in Table III.

Calibration curves were constructed by plotting analyte area/internal standard area ratios versus the analyte concentrations in fortified brownie matrix standards across a range of 5–700 ng/g. A weighing factor of 1/x was applied to all the calibration curves. The majority of compounds exhibited excellent linear-ity as demonstrated by R2 values of ≥0.9990 (values ranged from 0.9939 to 0.9999).

Accuracy and precision were assessed at three concen-tration levels that were selected to cover the linear range: low (10 ng/g); medium (100 ng/g); and high (500 ng/g). Excellent results were obtained for all the target analytes because the use of standards prepared in matrix minimized matrix enhancement and suppression. Recovery values ranged from 71.2 to 116% and RSD values were all under 25%, indicating good accuracy and precision.

The majority of analytes showed LOQ values under 10 ng/g, and it was demonstrated that the proposed methodology allows for the quantification of all the target compounds at concentrations below the action levels requested by the state of California in canna-bis goods. Cyfluthrin and cypermethrin exhibited lower LOQ values via GC-MS/MS in comparison to LC-MS/MS; however, these two pesticides can be analyzed at the requested action levels using either of the two instrumental platforms. The LOQ for each compound was defined as the lowest concentration with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 10, a difference of <25% between the fortified concentration and the estimated concentration, and a <25% replicate preci-sion value.

Stability of the target compounds in LC extracts after 24 and 48 hours of storage in the autosampler at 10 ⁰C (n=4) was assessed relative to the peak intensities of freshly prepared samples (0 hours). Most compounds showed a change in response of less than 10% over the entire study period.

10 www.restek.com

Table III: Validation results for the optimized final method for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies. Results were determined by LC-MS/MS, except for those compounds that were reported by GC-MS/MS as indicated.

Pesticide

Action Level (ng/g) for Non-Inhalable Cannabis Goods

LOQ (ng/g) R2

Low QC (10 ng/g) Medium QC (100 ng/g) High QC (500 ng/g)

Accuracy (%Recovery)

Precision (%RSD)


Precision (%RSD)


Precision (%RSD)

Daminozide* <LOD 25 0.9954 — — 102 11.7 92.1 9.73

Acephate 5000 10 0.9944 100 17.9 104 2.82 97.5 4.21

Thiamethoxam 4500 5 0.9979 102 9.77 106 1.04 103 2.14

Methomyl 100 5 0.9996 105 4.49 104 0.986 103 1.26

Oxamyl 200 5 0.9986 107 8.74 104 1.71 103 1.95

Imidacloprid 3000 10 0.9979 84.2 18.2 103 2.47 100 2.73

Dimethoate* <LOD 5 0.9994 103 4.58 101 2.72 101 3.93

Acetamiprid 5000 5 0.9991 105 7.26 103 1.00 100 2.52

Thiacloprid* <LOD 5 0.9993 101 6.48 106 2.90 100 2.19

Aldicarb* <LOD 5 0.9988 104 16.2 98.8 4.16 100 5.46

Naled 500 25 0.9962 — — 105 9.83 103 1.37

Mevinphos I (79%)a* <LOD 4 0.9991 110 13.2 104 4.32 102 3.57

Mevinphos II (21%)b* <LOD 2 0.9981 109 24.0 106 5.58 98.3 5.71

Carbofuran* <LOD 5 0.9994 98.9 4.18 105 2.38 100 1.45

Carbaryl 500 5 0.9997 87.8 9.83 103 3.86 103 1.47

Dichlorvos* 100 5 0.9949 79.5 1.95 101 4.53 97.8 7.51

Propoxur* <LOD 5 0.9993 100 4.79 106 1.72 100 2.59

Chlorantraniliprole 40,000 10 0.9992 85.0 3.84 105 4.94 97.7 1.40

Imazalil* <LOD 5 0.9993 97.7 11.7 100 1.46 98.1 2.27

Metalaxyl 15,000 5 0.9996 101 8.15 103 4.11 101 2.40

Azoxystrobin 40,000 5 0.9998 102 3.39 103 0.635 102 1.04

Myclobutanil 9000 5 0.9997 102 5.95 104 4.07 100 2.89

Phosmet 200 5 0.9997 102 3.89 103 3.09 99.3 3.32

Spiroxamine* <LOD 5 0.9987 100 6.68 102 4.69 102 0.915

Fenoxycarb* <LOD 5 0.9995 99.2 2.37 103 2.24 100 2.06

Methiocarb* <LOD 5 0.9997 104 18.0 104 3.78 102 0.746

Spiromesifen 12,000 25 0.9994 — — 103 5.12 101 3.39

Boscalid 10,000 5 0.9998 95.0 10.6 106 3.36 100 3.34

Paclobutrazol* <LOD 5 0.9996 97.3 13.1 103 2.94 97.2 3.49

Malathion 5000 5 0.9995 71.2 13.3 102 2.59 99.5 3.18

Dimethomorph I (39%)c 20,000** 4 0.9994 85.4 17.9 101 5.17 102 3.41

Dimethomorph II (61%)d 20,000** 3 0.9994 91.7 13.7 103 2.15 100 1.60

Tebuconazole 2000 5 0.9996 101 11.0 104 2.15 101 4.08

Bifenazate 5000 5 0.9999 111 6.58 104 1.97 100 3.58

Fenhexamid 10,000 10 0.9992 78.0 15.5 103 3.05 100 2.28

Propiconazole 20,000 5 0.9997 100 5.38 105 2.19 101 1.14

Spirotetramat 13,000 5 0.9990 101 13.8 104 2.04 101 4.28

Ethoprophos* <LOD 5 0.9997 110 8.84 103 1.76 99.5 2.17

Kresoxym-methyl 1000 5 0.9993 102 16.6 104 3.02 99.0 2.78

Spinosad- spinosyn A (71 %)e 3000** 3.5 0.9994 97.3 3.95 102 2.06 101 2.62

Diazinon 200 5 0.9995 103 3.29 101 2.93 101 2.20

Coumaphos* <LOD 5 0.9997 101 5.71 102 0.739 97.8 3.02

Clofentezine 500 5 0.9997 99.3 9.11 103 2.21 100 2.62

Continued on page 11

www.restek.com 11

Table III (Continued from page 10)

Pesticide

Action Level (ng/g) for Non-Inhalable Cannabis Goods

LOQ (ng/g) R2

Low QC (10 ng/g) Medium QC (100 ng/g) High QC (500 ng/g)


Precision (%RSD)


Precision (%RSD)


Precision (%RSD)

Spinosad - spinosyn D (29%)f 3000** 1.5 0.9990 103 9.75 101 4.37 97.1 4.99

Spinetoram - spinosyn J (80%)g 3000** 4 0.9991 102 7.14 105 1.79 100 2.58

Spinetoram - spinosyn L (20%)h 3000** 1 0.9991 97.8 4.45 100 3.53 99.1 1.15

Trifloxystrobin 30,000 5 0.9997 106 2.76 102 1.76 101 1.81

Prallethrin 400 25 0.9996 96.6 20.9 97.5 7.96 99.2 5.04

Hexythiazox 2000 5 0.9996 103 5.96 104 3.30 98.3 3.14

Cyfluthrin 1000 50 0.9988 — — 107 6.81 102 10.5

Pyrethrin I (54%)i 1000** 5.4 0.9998 92.5 9.14 104 1.91 99.2 1.65

Pyrethrin II (34%)j 1000** 26 0.9990 — — 100 10.9 98.7 3.44

Etoxazole 1500 5 0.9998 102 5.82 102 1.09 100 1.46

Piperonyl butoxide 8000 5 0.9998 103 4.56 103 2.45 101 3.43

Chlorpyrifos* <LOD 5 0.9994 98.0 10.2 101 3.69 100 1.93

Permethrin-cis (41%)k 20,000** 4.1 0.9994 92.5 10.8 105 3.69 99.3 3.87

Permethrin-trans (59%)l 20,000** 5.9 0.9999 116 5.48 106 3.61 97.4 2.75

Fenpyroximate 2000 5 0.9998 101 6.74 103 4.08 100 3.35

Bifenthrin 500 5 0.9994 107 2.93 103 4.98 101 2.07

AbamectinB1a 300 10 0.9999 84.9 20.1 105 6.26 101 3.99

Cypermethrin 1000 25 0.9991 — — 93.3 6.76 98.8 7.62

Etofenprox* <LOD 5 0.9995 96.2 7.96 107 2.03 101 2.78

Pyridaben 3000 10 0.9989 105 20.7 101 5.39 100 2.48

Acequinocyl 4000 5 0.9987 91.1 11.0 103 5.47 104 4.81

Flonicamid 2000 10 0.9993 89.6 18.3 101 3.62 101 3.15

Fipronil* <LOD 10 0.9993 100 19.5 102 4.64 97.8 4.58

Fludioxonil 30,000 5 0.9995 109 11.6 104 6.13 99.3 3.39

Aflatoxin G2 20** 5 0.9987 102 19.1 104 2.74 — —

Aflatoxin G1 20** 5 0.9984 116 11.2 96.4 1.20 — —

Aflatoxin B2 20** 5 0.9996 105 10.4 98.7 1.77 — —

Ochratoxin A 20 10 0.9943 91.1 11.5 112 10.6 — —

Aflatoxin B1 20** 5 0.9990 106 11.4 96.0 3.23 — —

Captan† 5000 10 0.9941 112 14.8 103 5.25 108 5.28

Chlordane†* <LOD 25 0.9939 — — 106 5.32 93.6 4.60

Chlorfenapyr†* <LOD 25 0.9953 — — 102 3.19 99.2 4.95

Methyl parathion†* <LOD 5 0.9976 103 6.59 103 1.83 92.7 5.22

Pentachloronitrobenzene† 200 5 0.9975 98.2 9.75 103 3.76 100 4.45

Cyfluthrin† 1000 5 0.9983 108 9.27 103 4.10 103 3.26

Cypermethrin† 1000 10 0.9986 103 12.3 103 2.13 102 1.97

†Reported results were determined by GC-MS/MS.*Category I pesticides, LOQ is ≤100 ng/g**Action level is the total concentration of both isomers together.Results are calculated based on relative contribution of each isomer to the overall fortification levels as follows:

aMevinphos I: low: 8 ng/g; medium: 79 ng/g; high: 395 ng/gbMenvinphos II: low: 2 ng/g; medium: 21 ng/g; high: 105 ng/gcDimethomorph I: low: 4 ng/g; medium: 39 ng/g; high: 195 ng/gdDimethomorph II: low: 6 ng/g; medium: 61 ng/g; high: 305 ng/g

eSpinosad- spinosyn A: low: 7 ng/g; medium: 71 ng/g; high: 355 ng/gfSpinosad - spinosyn D: low: 3 ng/g; medium: 29 ng/g; high: 145 ng/ggSpinetoram - spinosyn J: low: 8 ng/g; medium: 80 ng/g; high: 400 ng/ghSpinetoram - spinosyn L: low: 2 ng/g; medium: 20 ng/g; high: 100 ng/g

iPyrethrin I: low: 5 ng/g; medium: 54 ng/g; high: 270 ng/gjPyrethrin II: low: 3 ng/g; medium: 34 ng/g; high: 170 ng/gkPermethrin-cis: low: 4 ng/g; medium: 41 ng/g; high: 205 ng/glPermethrin-trans: low: 6 ng/g; medium: 59 ng/g; high: 295 ng/g

12 www.restek.com

ConclusionAn effective workflow for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis brownies was developed and optimization strategies were detailed in order to provide a starting point for similar matrices. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS amenable compounds were all extracted using acidified acetonitrile and then cleaned up using C18 SPE cartridges. GC-MS/MS samples required an additional dSPE cleanup with magne-sium sulfate and PSA. The use of acidified acetonitrile was proven to be crucial in the recovery of analytes such as daminozide, spiroxamine, and ochratoxin A. Excellent results in terms of LOQ values, linearity, accuracy, and precision were attained for all the target compounds. Since this methodology only uses 3 mL of extraction solvent per sample, a significant reduction in solvent usage/waste is also possible. Extracts showed acceptable stability even after 48 hours in the LC autosampler.

References[1] Text of Regulations, Bureau of Cannabis Control, California Code of Regulations, https://cannabis.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/01/Order-of-Adoption-Clean-Version-of-Text.pdf, (accessed 8 November 2019).[2] Quantification of residues of folpet and captan in QuEChERS extracts, EU Reference Laboratories for Residues of Pesticides, http://www.eurl-pesticides.eu/userfiles/file/EurlSRM/meth_CaptanFolpet_EurlSRM.pdf, (accessed 7 November 2019).[3] B. K. Matuszewski, M. L. Constanzer, C. M. Chavez-Eng, Strategies for the assessment of matrix effect in quantitative bioanalytical methods based on HPLC−MS/MS, Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 3019–3030. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac020361s

Raptor ARC-18 LC Columns (USP L1)

• Ideal for high-throughput LC-MS/MS applications with minimal sample preparation.

• Well-balanced retention profile for better detection and integration of large, multiclass analyte lists.

• Sterically protected to endure low-pH mobile phases without sacrificing retention or peak quality.

• Part of Restek’s Raptor LC column line featuring 1.8, 2.7, and 5 µm SPP core-shell silica.

ID Length qty. cat.#2.7 µm2.1 mm 30 mm ea. 9314A322.1 mm 50 mm ea. 9314A522.1 mm 100 mm ea. 9314A122.1 mm 150 mm ea. 9314A623.0 mm 30 mm ea. 9314A3E3.0 mm 50 mm ea. 9314A5E3.0 mm 100 mm ea. 9314A1E3.0 mm 150 mm ea. 9314A6E4.6 mm 30 mm ea. 9314A354.6 mm 50 mm ea. 9314A554.6 mm 100 mm ea. 9314A154.6 mm 150 mm ea. 9314A65

Stationary Phase Category: C18, octadecylsilane (L1) Ligand Type: Sterically protected C18Particle: 1.8 µm, 2.7 µm, or 5 µm superficially porous silica (SPP or “core-shell”)Pore Size: 90 Å Carbon Load: 7% (1.8 µm), 7% (2.7 µm), 5% (5 µm)

www.restek.com 13

Raptor EXP Guard Column Cartridges

• Free-Turn architecture lets you change cartridges by hand without breaking inlet/outlet fluid connections—no tools needed.

• Patented titanium hybrid ferrules can be installed repeatedly without compromising high-pressure seal.

• Auto-adjusting design provides ZDV (zero dead volume) connection to any 10-32 female port.

• Guard column cartridges require EXP direct connect holder (cat.# 25808).

• Pair with EXP hand-tight fitting (cat.# 25937–25938) for tool-free installation.

Description Particle Size Size qty. cat.#Raptor ARC-18 EXP Guard Column Cartridge 2.7 µm 5 x 2.1 mm 3-pk. 9314A0252

Maximum cartridge pressure: 1,034 bar/15,000 psi* (UHPLC), 600 bar/8,700 psi (2.7 µm); 400 bar/5,800 psi (5 µm)* For maximum lifetime, recommended maximum pressure for UHPLC particles is 830 bar/12,000 psi.Hybrid Ferrule U.S. Patent No. 8201854, EXP Holders U.S. Patent No. 8696902, EXP2 Wrench U.S. Patent No. D766055. Other U.S. and Foreign Patents Pending. The EXP, Free-Turn, and the Opti- prefix are registered trademarks of Optimize Technologies, Inc.

Rxi-5ms Columns (fused silica)low-polarity phase; Crossbond diphenyl dimethyl polysiloxane

• General-purpose columns for semivolatiles, phenols, amines, residual solvents, drugs of abuse, pesticides, PCB congeners (e.g., Aroclor mixes), solvent impurities.

• Most inert column on the market.

• Tested and guaranteed for ultra-low bleed; improved signal-to-noise ratio for better sensitivity and mass spectral integrity.

• Temperature range: -60 °C to 330/350 °C.

• Equivalent to USP G27 and G36 phases.ID df Length temp. limits qty. cat.#0.25 mm 0.25 µm 30 m -60 to 330/350 °C ea. 13423

Topaz 4.0 mm ID Single Taper Inlet Liner w/ Woolfor Thermo TRACE 1300/1310 GCs equipped with SSL inlets

ID x OD x Length qty cat.#Single Taper, Premium Deactivation, Borosilicate Glass, Quartz Wool Similar to: Thermo 453A1925-UI4.0 mm x 6.5 mm x 78.5 mm 5-pk. 23447

* 100% SATISFACTION GUARANTEE: If your Topaz inlet liner does not perform to your expectations for any reason, simply contact Restek Technical Service or your local Restek representative and provide a sample chromatogram showing the problem. If our GC experts are not able to quickly and completely resolve the issue to your satisfaction, you will be given an account credit or replacement product (same cat.#) along with instructions for returning any unopened product. (Do not return product prior to receiving authorization.) For additional details about Restek’s return policy, visit www.restek.com/warranty

14 www.restek.com

California Pesticide Standards (6 separate mixes)

• Meet specific cannabis analysis needs of California set forth by the Bureau of Cannabis Control for regulated category I and II residual pesticide reporting—and of states with similar regulations/programs.

• Ideal for creating multipoint (5-point minimum suggested) calibration curves for GC- and LC-MS/MS.

• Verified composition and stability.

• 66 compounds in 6 x 1 mL ampuls at 100 μg/mL.

• Prepared stock product eliminates the need for in-house standards preparation.Each ampul sold separately.

Cat.# 34124: California Pesticide Standard #1 (12 components) Acephate (30560-19-1) Chlorpyrifos (2921-88-2) Coumaphos (56-72-4) Diazinon (333-41-5) Dichlorvos (DDVP) (62-73-7) Dimethoate (60-51-5) Ethoprophos (13194-48-4) Malathion (121-75-5) Methyl parathion (298-00-0) Mevinphos (7786-34-7) Naled (300-76-5) Phosmet (732-11-6) Cat.# 34125: California Pesticide Standard #2 (11 components) Abamectin (71751-41-2) Acequinocyl (57960-19-7) Bifenthrin (82657-04-3) Cyfluthrin (68359-37-5) Cypermethrin (52315-07-8) Etofenprox (80844-07-1) Permethrin (cis & trans) (52645-53-1) Prallethrin (23031-36-9) Pyrethrins (8003-34-7) Spinetoram ( J&L) (187166-40-1) Spinosad (168316-95-8) Cat.# 34126: California Pesticide Standard #3 (9 components) Aldicarb (116-06-3) Bifenazate (149877-41-8) Carbaryl (Sevin) (63-25-2) Carbofuran (1563-66-2) Fenoxycarb (72490-01-8) Methiocarb (2032-65-7) Methomyl (16752-77-5) Oxamyl (23135-22-0) Propoxur (Baygon) (114-26-1)

Cat.# 34127: California Pesticide Standard #4 (9 components) Boscalid (188425-85-6) Captan (133-06-2) Chlorantraniliprole (500008-45-7) Daminozide (1596-84-5) Dimethomorph (110488-70-5) Fenhexamid (126833-17-8) Flonicamid (158062-67-0) Hexythiazox (78587-05-0) Pyridaben (96489-71-3) Cat.# 34128: California Pesticide Standard #5 (10 components) Azoxystrobin (131860-33-8) Chlorfenapyr (122453-73-0) Fenpyroximate (111812-58-9) Kresoxim methyl (143390-89-0) Metalaxyl (57837-19-1) Piperonyl butoxide (51-03-6) Spiromesifen (283594-90-1) Spirotetramat (203313-25-1) Spiroxamine (118134-30-8) Trifloxystrobin (141517-21-7) Cat.# 34129: California Pesticide Standard #6 (15 components) Acetamiprid (135410-20-7) Chlordane (57-74-9) Clofentezine (74115-24-5) Etoxazole (153233-91-1) Fipronil (120068-37-3) Fludioxonil (131341-86-1) Imazalil (35554-44-0) Imidacloprid (138261-41-3) Myclobutanil (88671-89-0) Paclobutrazol (76738-62-0) Pentachloronitrobenzene (Quintozene) (82-68-8) Propiconazole (Tilt) (60207-90-1) Tebuconazole (107534-96-3) Thiacloprid (111988-49-9) Thiamethoxam (153719-23-4)

Conc. in Solvent Certified Reference Material?

Min Shelf Life on Ship Date

Max Shelf Life on Ship Date cat.#

California Pesticide Standard #1100 µg/mL, Acetonitrile, 1mL/ampul Yes 6 months 14 months 34124 ( ea.)California Pesticide Standard #2100 µg/mL, Acetonitrile, 1mL/ampul Yes 6 months 24 months 34125 ( ea.)California Pesticide Standard #3100 µg/mL, Acetonitrile, 1mL/ampul Yes 6 months 24 months 34126 ( ea.)California Pesticide Standard #4100 µg/mL, Acetonitrile, 1mL/ampul Yes 6 months 24 months 34127 ( ea.)California Pesticide Standard #5100 µg/mL, Acetonitrile, 1mL/ampul Yes 6 months 24 months 34128 ( ea.)California Pesticide Standard #6100 µg/mL, Acetonitrile, 1mL/ampul Yes 6 months 24 months 34129 ( ea.)

www.restek.com 15

Atrazine-d5 Standard

Description CAS # Conc. in Solvent

Certified Reference Material?

Max Shelf Life on Ship

Date

Min Shelf Life on Ship

Date cat.#Atrazine-d5 163165-75-1 100 µg/mL in acetonitrile, 1 mL/ampul Yes 36 months 6 months 31984 (ea.)

Carbaryl-d7 Standard




Date


Date cat.#Carbaryl-d7 362049-56-7 100 µg/mL in acetonitrile, 1 mL/ampul Yes 31 months 6 months 31985 (ea.)

Diazinon-d10 Standard




Date


Date cat.#Diazinon-d10 (diethyl-d10) 100155-47-3 100 µg/mL in acetonitrile, 1 mL/ampul Yes 36 months 6 months 31986 (ea.)

Dichlorvos-d6 Standard




Date


Date cat.#Dichlorvos-d6 203645-53-8 100 µg/mL in acetone, 1 mL/ampul Yes 12 months 3 months 31987 (ea.)

Dimethoate-d6 Standard




Date


Date cat.#Dimethoate-d6 1219794-81-6 100 µg/mL in acetonitrile, 1 mL/ampul Yes 36 months 6 months 31988 (ea.)

Diuron-d6 Standard




Date


Date cat.#Diuron-d6 1007536-67-5 100 µg/mL in acetonitrile, 1 mL/ampul Yes 31 months 6 months 31989 (ea.)

Linuron-d6 Standard




Date


Date cat.#Linuron-d6 1219804-76-8 100 µg/mL in acetonitrile, 1 mL/ampul Yes 31 months 6 months 31990 (ea.)

Q-sep QuEChERS dSPE Tubes for Extract CleanupFast, Simple Sample Prep for Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis

• Packaged in foil subpacks of 10 for enhanced protection and storage stability.

• Ready-to-use tubes, no glassware required.

• Pre-weighed, ultra-pure sorbents.

• Support original unbuffered, AOAC (2007.01), European (EN 15662), and mini-multiresidue QuEChERS methods.

Description Material Method Sample Type Type Volume qty. cat.#Q-sep QuEChERS dSPE Tubes

150 mg MgSO4,

25 mg PSA

Original unbuffered, EN 15662, mini-

multiresidue

General fruits and vegetables (e.g., celery, head lettuce,

cucumber, melon)

2 mL Micro-Centrifuge Tubes Prefilled with dSPE Materials

for Cleanup (1 mL Extract)2 mL 100-pk. 26215

Note: No entry in the Method column refers to dSPE formulations not specifically included in one of the cited references. These products can be used to accommodate the various needs of specific matrices not directly met by the cited references.

Resprep SPE Cartridges (Bonded Reversed Phases)

Hydrophobic (nonpolar) silica-based adsorbents; used to extract hydrophobic analytes from polar matrices, such as water (e.g., pesticides from water).

C18 (high load, end-capped)

Description Packing Volume qty. cat.#Resprep Bonded Reversed Phase SPE Cartridge C18 (high load, end-capped) 1 mL, 100 mg 100-pk. 26030

4.0 mL WISP 48 Screw-Thread Step Vials, 15 x 45 mm, 13-425 (vials only)Description Modification Type Volume Color Size qty. cat.#WISP 48 Step Vial w/White Graduated Marking Spot

w/White Graduated Marking Spot 13-425 Screw-Thread 4.0 mL Clear 15 x 45 mm 100-pk. 24654

Q-sep 3000 Centrifuge for QuEChERS

• Supports 50 mL, 15 mL, and 2 mL centrifuge tubes.

• Small footprint requires less bench space.

• Safe and reliable—UL, CSA, and CE approved; 1-year warranty.

Description Includes VoltageCertification/

Compliance qty. cat.#

Q-sep 3000 Centrifuge 50 mL tube carriers (6), 50 mL conical tube inserts (6), 4-place 15 mL tube carriers (6), and 2 mL tube adaptors (24) 110 V CE|CSA|UL ea. 26230

Q-sep 3000 Centrifuge 220 V CE|CSA|UL ea. 26231

Questions? Contact us or your local Restek representative (www.restek.com/contact-us).Restek patents and trademarks are the property of Restek Corporation. (See www.restek.com/Patents-Trademarks for full list.) Other trademarks in Restek literature or on its website are the property of their respective owners. Restek registered trademarks are registered in the U.S. and may also be registered in other countries. To unsubscribe from future Restek communications or to update your preferences, visit www.restek.com/subscribe To update your status with an authorized Restek distributor or instrument channel partner, please contact them directly.

© 2020 Restek Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.

www.restek.com Lit. Cat.# FFAN3149-UNV

Resprep Quick-Replace SPE Vacuum Manifolds (12- or 24-Port)

• Disposable, quick-replace valve liners ensure a clean flow path and eliminate cross-contamination of samples extracted on the same port.

• Individual screw-type valves in each SPE port provide precise flow control.

• Easily modified sample collection rack supports a wide variety of collection vessels.

• Screw-type, solvent-resistant vacuum gauge and bleed valve offer better sealing and vacuum control.

• Compatible with any standard male luer end SPE cartridge.

Description Includes Size qty. cat.#

Resprep QR-12 Quick-Replace vacuum manifold

cover with 12 flow control valves & gasket; glass basin with vacuum gauge & valve assembly; collection rack (base, 3 support rods, center plate, 10 mm test tube plate, 12 clips); plate for 16 mm test tubes; 12 test tubes (10 x 75 mm); 12 liner guides (stainless steel); 100 quick-replace disposable liners (PTFE)

12-port kit 28298-VM

Resprep QR-24 Quick-Replace vacuum manifold

cover with 24 flow control valves & gasket; glass basin with vacuum gauge & valve assembly; collection rack (base, 2 support rods, center plate, 10 mm test tube plate, 8 clips); plate for 16 mm test tubes; 24 test tubes (10 x 75 mm); 24 liner guides (stainless steel); 100 quick-replace disposable liners (PTFE)

24-port kit 28299-VM

Documents

Analysis of Pesticides and Mycotoxins in Cannabis Brownies