Analele Universit ăŃ ii din Craiova, Seria Istorie, Anul ...cis01.central.ucv.ro/analele_universitatii/istorie/2007/anale_2007.pdf · ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA ... PREDAREA

Analele UniversităŃii din Craiova, Seria Istorie, Anul XII, Nr. 12/2007

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CUPRINS

STUDII ŞI ARTICOLE

Vladimir Iliescu, GENEZA ŞI LOCALIZAREA PRIMEI FORMATIUNI PRESTATALE GETICE ……………………………………

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Florian Olteanu, ORGANIZAREA POLITICĂ A COLONIILOR GRECEŞTI DE PE COASTA DE VEST A MĂRII NEGRE. ASPECTE ISTORIOGRAFICE ………………...

15 Mădălina Strechie,

MAGISTRATURILE POPORULUI ROMAN. SEPARAłIA PUTERILOR ÎN STAT. MAGISTRATURILE SUPERIOARE ORDINARE……....

37 Petre Gherghe, Lucian Amon, CERCETĂRILE ARHEOLOGICE DE LA SUCIDAVA-

CELEI (JUDEłUL OLT). CAMPANIA 2006……………

45 Xu Guodong,

DESPRE CONSTITUIREA TEORIEI GENERALE A CONTRACTULUI ÎN JURISPRUDENłA ROMANĂ – PATRU CONCEPłII A PATRU JURISCONSULłI (it.)…………………………………………………………….

59 Ion Rinderu,

IMPLICAłIILE SOCIAL-POLITICE ALE JOCURILOR OLIMPICE DIN GRECIA ANTICĂ……………………….

73

Scott Kellum, A EXISTAT IISUS CU ADEVĂRAT? DOVEZILE EXTRA-BIBLICE ALE EXISTENłEI LUI IISUS (en.)….

77

Cesare Alzati, CLERUS ŞI POPULUS ÎN DETERMINAREA STRUCTURILOR TERITORIALE ECLEZIASTICE DIN SPAłIUL ITALIAN LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL VII-LEA (it.)………………………………………………….

91 ConstanŃiu Dinulesu, CONTRIBUłII ALE UNOR INTELECTUALI STRĂINI

LA RENAŞTEREA CAROLINGIANĂ……………………..

101 Oana-Andreia Sâmbrian-Toma,

SCURTĂ PRIVIRE ASUPRA SECOLULUI DE AUR SPANIOL…………………………………………………….

111

Augustin-Romeo Popa, PRACTICAREA PĂSTORITULUI, PESCUITULUI, VÂNĂTOAREI ŞI ALBINĂRITULUI ÎN OLTENIA (SEC. XIV-XV)………………………………………………

119 Cosmin Vilău, OPERA CĂRTURĂREASCĂ A LUI CHESARIE DE LA

RÂMNIC DE RĂSPÂNDIRE A LIMBII ROMÂNE ÎN LOCUL SLAVONEI ÎN BISERICĂ………………………..

129 Mite Măneanu, ASPECTE PRIVIND VIAłA PUBLICĂ A BOIERILOR

OLTENI ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA……………………..

137 Florin Rotaru, TIPOGRAFIA COLEGIULUI „SFÂNTUL SAVA”.

SCURT ISTORIC…………………………………………….

149 Corneliu Mihail Lungu, Tiberiu Velter,

SURSE EXTERNE PRIVIND REVOLUłIA DE LA 1821………………………………………………………….

185

Mirela Mălăescu, ORGANIZAREA INSTITUłIONAL-ADMINISTRATIVĂ A SOCIETĂłII ROMÂNEŞTI MODERNE REFLECTATĂ ÎN PREVEDERILE REGULAMENTELOR ORGANICE


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(en.)……………………………………………………………. 193 Angela-Ramona Dumitru,

ÎNVĂłĂMÂNTUL ÎN łARA ROMÂNEASCĂ LA MIJLOCUL SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA…………………..

207

Mihai GhiŃulescu, IDEEA DE NAłIUNE ÎN GÂNDIREA PAŞOPTIŞTILOR ROMÂNI……………………………….

217

Sorin Liviu Damean, PROCLAMAREA INDEPENDENłEI DE STAT A ROMÂNIEI ŞI REACłIA PUTERILOR GARANTE…….

233

IonuŃ Şerban, ITALIA ŞI RECUNOAŞTEREA INDEPENDENłEI DE STAT A ROMÂNIEI…………………………………………

245

Dragiša Kostandinović, ÎNCEPUTUL MIŞCĂRII DE EMANCIPARE A ROMÂNILOR TIMOCENI (EVOLUłIA ISTORICĂ ŞI POLITICĂ A SPAłIULUI TIMOCEAN PE PARCURSUL SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA ŞI ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA)……………….

251 Abdulaziz Ali Abourghia, MARILE PUTERI ŞI COLONIILE DIN AFRICA DE

NORD ÎN A DOUA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA ŞI PRIMELE DECENII ALE SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA……………………………………………………….

269 Bruce A. Little, NAŞTEREA OPINIILOR POSTMODERNISTE ŞI

SFÂRŞITUL LOR (en.)…………………………………….

293 Alexandru Oşca, CONSIDERAłII PRIVIND IMPACTUL „DOSARULUI

DOBROGEAN” ASUPRA RELAłIILOR ROMÂNO-BULGARE ÎN PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ……………...

301 Marusia Cîrstea, MAREA BRITANIE – PRINCIPALELE DIRECłII ALE

POLITICII EXTERNE (1919-1939)……………………..

309 Spyridon Sfetas, ACORDURILE ELENO-ROMÂNE DIN 21 MARTIE

1928 ŞI DIN 11 AUGUST 1931. CONTRIBUłII LA STUDIUL RELAłIILOR ELENO-ROMÂNE ÎN PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ……………………………….

317 Bruce Riley Ashford, PROBLEME FUNDAMENTALE PENTRU O

SOCIETATE STABILĂ (en.)……………………………….

339 Kenneth Keathley, METAFORA RĂZBOIULUI: „CONFLICTUL DINTRE

ŞTIINłĂ ŞI CREŞTINISM” (en.)………………………….

349

MISCELLANEA

Lucian Amon, PINTENI ROMANI DESCOPERIłI ÎN SUDUL DACIEI……………………………………………………….

359

ConstanŃiu Dinulescu, UNELE CONSIDERAłII PRIVIND NAŞTEREA ŞI ÎNFLORIREA TÂRGURILOR ÎN EUROPA MEDIEVALĂ (SECOLELE XI-XIII) ………………………

365 Alexandru Oşca, SOLUłIILE PĂCII ÎN VECINĂTATEA IMEDIATĂ A

ROMÂNIEI (1919-1920)………………………………….

371 Dragiša Kostandinović, PROBLEMA TIMOCEANĂ ÎN ANII INTERBELICI 381 Bruce A. Little, EXISTĂ JUSTIłIE ÎN AFARA ADEVĂRULUI:

REALITATE, ADEVĂR ŞI JUSTIłIE (en.)………..……..

397 Raphael Vago, HOLOCAUSTUL ÎN SECOLUL XXI ÎNTRE

COMEMORARE ŞI ISTORIE (en.)……………………..

405 Hava Baruch, PREDAREA CUNOŞTINELOR DESPRE HOLOCAUST

(en.)……………………………………………………………

413


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SEMINARUL INTERNAłIONAL DE STUDII ISTORICE „DE LA ROMA LA CEA DE-A TREIA ROMĂ” (Oana-Andreia Sâmbrian-Toma)……………………………………………..

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RECENZII

Sextus Aurelius Victor, Liber de Caesaribus. Carte despre ÎmpăraŃi, Iaşi, Editura UniversităŃii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, 2006, traducere de Mihaela Paraschiv, ediŃie îngrijită, studiu introductiv, note şi comentarii, apendice şi indice de Nelu Zugravu, 504 p. (Lucian Amon)…………………………………………………………………………………………

425 Andrei Potcoavă, Războiul pentru independenŃă (ValenŃele comunicării prin timbru), Craiova, Editura Sitech, 2007, 337 p. (Dinică Ciobotea)……………………………………...

426

Ioan Anastasia, C.D. Fortunescu – un spirit polivalent. Studiu monografic, Craiova, Editura Aius PrintEd, 2007, 270 p. (Sorin Liviu Damean)…………………………………………….

427

Ana-Maria Stan, RelaŃiile franco-române în timpul regimului de la Vichy, 1940-1944, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Argonaut, 2006, 578 p. + 2 planşe (Sorin Liviu Damean)…………………..

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STUDII ŞI ARTICOLE

GENEZA ŞI LOCALIZAREA PRIMEI FORMA łIUNI PRESTATALE GETICE

Vladimir Iliescu

THE GENESIS AND THE LOCALISATION OF THE FIRST GETIC PRESTATAL POLITICAL FORMATION

Abstract

The aticle reveals the historical backround of the first prestatal political formation, the „kingdom of Dromichaites” and the evolution of the political and military actions in Thracian and Getic territories during the hellenistic period. A very important moment, the confrontation between Lysimach the Diadochus of Thracia and the king Dromichaites created a long discussion in the contemporary historiograpy. The author makes a historical approach with the late kingdoms of Burebista and Decebal, by his most important conclusion, presented at international congresses and in his scientific works, that of the creation of the political structures in the Getic area as a consequence of the external pression of great kingdoms or empires and not that of a „development of the political, social and economical conditions”, because of their similar existence after the fall of the kingdoms in discussion.


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ORGANIZAREA POLITIC Ă A COLONIILOR GRECE ŞTI DE PE COASTA DE VEST A MĂRII NEGRE. ASPECTE ISTORIOGRAFICE

Florian Olteanu

POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF THE GREEK CITIES ON THE W ESTERN COAST OF THE BLACK SEA. HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS

Abstract The study presents a discussion of the sources concerning the political sistem

of the Western colonies of the Black Sea. We annalysed the primary informations, the bibliographical sources for creating a general image about their political organization. We also discussed the correspondances between institutions and magistracies.


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MAGISTRATURILE POPORULUI ROMAN. SEPARA łIA PUTERILOR ÎN STAT.

MAGISTRATURILE SUPERIOARE ORDINARE

Mădălina Strechie

LES MAGISTRATURES DU PEUPLE ROMAIN. LA SÉPARATION DES POUVOIRS DANS L´ÉTAT.

LES MAGISTRATURES SUPÉRIEURES ORDINAIRES Résumé

La présente étude se propose de mettre en évidence les magistratures

supérieures ordinaires du Peuple Romain. Celles-ci représentaient l΄exercice de la séparation des pouvoires politiques dans l´état.

Les fonctions les plus importantes étaient représentées par le consulat, la préture, la questure, la censure et l´édilité.


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CERCETĂRILE ARHEOLOGICE DE LA SUCIDAVA-CELEI (JUDEłUL OLT). CAMPANIA 2006

Petre Gherghe, Lucian Amon

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FROM SUCIDAVA-CELEI (OLT COUNTY). CAMPAIGN OF 2006

Abstract

The research took place within the Roman-Byzantine fortress, on the site called „Area 2002” (fig.1-2). In the C13 area, there was discovered a post-Roman oven (fig.3). Its lower part is dug in the grownd and its walls are wrapped an earthern coat, superficially burnt. The walls constituting the structure of the oven were made of unusedn brick fragments. Inside it, ceramic parts belonging to the 13-14th century were discovered. In the C8 area, at 1.15 m depth, a composite pavement made of brick, gravel and cement was identified (fig.4-7). It underwent several changes throughout time. Under it, there was a small scwage system made of Roman bricks. The western part was destroyed because of a hole. In the C9 area, there is a stone wall, with two perpendicular sides, bordering another pavement of brick and gravel (fig.8-9). Due to its orientation, the wall is linked to the central heating building in the South. In the C7 and C10 areas, at 1-1.40 m depth, there are ruins of some other walls, which, at least partly, belong to a larger complex of architecture, including the central heating building erected at the same time (fig.10-15). The discoveries also include ceramic objects, coins, metal, stone, horn and glass pieces (fig.17-38).


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SULLA FORMAZIONE DI TEORIA GENERALE SU CONTRATTO NELLA GIURISPRUDENZA ROMANA －－－－ QUATTRO SFORZI DI

QUATTRO GIURECONSULTI

Xu Guodong

DESPRE CONSTITUIREA TEORIEI GENERALE A CONTRACTULUI ÎN JURISPRUDENłA ROMANĂ – PATRU CONCEPłII A PATRU

JURISCONSULłI Rezumat

Articolul prezintă formarea Teoriei Generale a Dreptului Contractual Roman,

pornind de la concepŃiile fundamentale a patru jurisconsulŃi renumiŃi ai epocii postclasice romane: Quintus Mucius Scaevola, Marcus Labienus, Ulpianus şi Gaius. O atenŃie deosebită este acordată receptării dreptului contractual roman în lucrările cu caracter juridic din China contemporană.

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE CREATION OF THE GENERAL TH EORY OF CONTRACT IN ROMAN JURISPRUDENCE – FOUR CONCEPTIO NS OF

FOUR SOLICITORS Abstract

The article reveals the formation of the General Theory of the Contractual

Roman Law, starting from the fundamental conceptions of four famous solicitors of the postclassical Roman era: Quintus Mucius Scaevola, Marcus Labienus, Ulpianus and Gaius. A special attention is reserved to the receptivity of the Roman contractual law in the juridical works from the contemporary China.


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IMPLICA łIILE SOCIAL-POLITICE ALE JOCURILOR OLIMPICE DIN GRECIA ANTIC Ă

Ion Rinderu

THE SOCIAL-POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE OLYMPIC GA MES IN THE ANCIENT GREECE

Abstract

The article presents the birth of Olympic Games in the Ancient Greece. The Olympic Games contributed to the creation of the panhellenic spirit and the development of the relations between the Greek cities.


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DID JESUS EVER EXIST? THE EXTRA-BIBLICAL EVIDENCE FOR JESUS

Scott Kellum

A EXISTAT IISUS CU ADEVARAT? DOVEZILE EXTRA-BIBLIC E ALE EXISTEN łEI LUI IISUS

Rezumat

Articolul prezintă un subiect de o importanŃă fundamentală pentru istoria religiilor şi anume dovezile istorice ale existenŃei lui Iisus Hristos aşa cum reies din sursele literare, istorice evreieşti, greceşti, romane, precum şi din evidenŃa arheologică. ExistenŃa istorică a lui Iisus Hristos nu poate fi contestată. Dovezile existenŃei Sale sunt relevate gradual şi tipologic, oferind celor interesaŃi un repertoriu, necesar pentru abordarea acestor aspecte ale istoriei creştine.

DID JESUS EVER EXIST? TE EXTRA-BIBLICAL EVIDENCE FO R JESUS Abstract

The article reveals a subject of a fundamental importance for the history of the religions especially the historical proves of the existence of Jesus Christ, as they appear from litterary and historical Jewish, Greek and latin sources and also, from the archaelogical evidence.

The historical existence of Jesus Christ canot be denied. The proves of His existance are gradually and typological revealed, offering to the people who are intrested a repertoire necessary to investigate these aspects of the christian history.


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CLERUS E POPULUS NELLA DETERMINAZIONE DEGLI ORDINAMENTI TERRITORIALI ECCLESIASTICI IN AREA

ITALICIANA AGLI INIZI DEL VII SECOLO

Cesare Alzati

CLERUS ŞI POPULUS ÎN DETERMINAREA STRUCTURILOR TERITORIALE ECLEZIASTICE DIN SPA łIUL ITALIAN

LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL VII-LEA Rezumat

În Occidentul „roman”, prerogativele tradiŃionale ale lui clerus şi populus în

alegerea episcopilor au rămas vitale de-a lungul întregii AntichităŃi târzii, coordonându-se în mod organic cu prerogativele episcopatului provincial.

Consensul exprimat în ceea ce priveşte candidatul de la cler şi popor urma să ia, în Pontificalele de origine romano-francă, utilizate la Milano din vremea carolingienilor, o formă cristalizată în ritualicitatea sa. În cadrul provinciei ecleziastice milaneze, apare o iniŃiativă specială a lui clerus şi populus, care, călcând pe urmele prerogativelor lor tradiŃionale, în raport cu alegerile episcopale, au ajuns să îşi asume decizii care au stabilit aceeaşi structură provincială. La începutul secolului al VII-lea, clerus populusque Comensis, se simŃise constrâns în numele „sfintei credinŃe şi a dogmelor SfinŃilor PărinŃi” să opereze, lăsând la o parte autoritatea imperială şi a ordinii Republicii, şi luase hotărâri, nu numai în privinŃa alegerii propriului episcop, dar şi a structurilor ecleziastice, în care îşi fixau sediul scaunele episcopale.

CLERUS AND POPULUS IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE

TERRITORIAL AND ECCLESIASTIC STRUCTURES IN THE ITAL IAN AREA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE VII th CENTURY

Abstract In the „Roman” West, the traditional prerogatives of clerus and populus in

electing the bishops remained vitals during the entire late Antiquity, being coordinated in an organic way with the prerogatives of the universal organization of bishops.

The consensus proclaimed concerning the candidate from the clergy and the people will take in Roman and Franc Pontifical statutes employed at Milan since the Carolingian era, a crystallized form in their rituals. In the ecclesiastic province of Milan, will appear a special initiative of clerus and populus, which, following their traditional prerogatives in relation with bishop’s elections started to take decisions which established the same provincial structure. Starting from VIIth century, the „clerus populusque Comensis” were obliged in the name of „the holly belief and Holly Parents’ dogma” to operate, eliminating the imperial authority and republican order and took decisions, not only in their own bishop’s election, but also of the ecclesiastic structures, where the bishop sieges established their residence.


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CONTRIBUłII ALE UNOR INTELECTUALI STR ĂINI LA RENAŞTEREA CAROLINGIANĂ

ConstanŃiu Dinulescu

THE FOREIGN INTELECTUAL’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CAROLINGIAN RENNAISSANCE

Abstract The author presents a very important subject of the medieval history of Europe: the Carolingian Rennaissance. The annalysis is based on three main directions: the origin, the sources and the foreign contribution to this period which became an era, the „Charles the Great’s era”.


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SCURTĂ PRIVIRE ASUPRA SECOLULUI DE AUR SPANIOL

Oana-Andreia Sâmbrian-Toma

SHORT APPROXIMATION TO THE SPANISH GOLDEN CENTURY Abstract

The Spanish Golden Century is a phrase which designates the epoch of both Renaissance and Baroque and which is meant to underline the extraordinary cultural development Spain achieved during this period. The reign of Charles I, followed by the one of his son, Philipp II, carried on the fight of their antecessors, the Catholic Kings, against the infidels, while the works of Cervantes and Lope de Vega or the pictures of El Greco and Velázquez reveal the reality of those times, reflecting it extremely well. The Mediterranean influence over Spain’s inhabitants, as well as the menace for Spain to have become a bridge between the European and the African world are enough reason to explain her attitudes. The Inquisition was created in order to save Spain from the religious division, while the Spanish culture reached her maximum flourishing. Spain represents, for sure, the country of the greatest contrasts.


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PRACTICAREA PĂSTORITULUI, PESCUITULUI, VÂN ĂTOAREI ŞI ALBIN ĂRITULUI ÎN OLTENIA (SEC. XIV-XV)

Augustin-Romeo Popa

THE SPREAD OF SHEPHERD, FISHING, HUNTING AND BEEKEE PING IN OLTENIA DURING XIV-XV CENTURIES

Abstract The medieval documents dating from the XIVth and XVth centuries have

preserved the proof of practicing these millenary occupations in the regions at the North of the Danube. Known as an old occupation, grazing seems to have had a greater importance than agriculture and the other farming activities, the large grazing fields beeing the nourishment for numerous flocks of sheep, herds of cattles or horses. Fishing had aquired a great importance, the fish caught in the Danube, rivers and lakes was an appreciated product in the internal and external market. A welknown injunction in the tine of Mircea cel Batrân forced people to beluga fish for three days in the benefit of the dignity. Hunting was practised by anyone, for food and pleasure, in this last case beeing employed only by the rich. At the same time the outcomes were appreciated on the market. Apiculture was successfully developed in Oltenia, it provided the needs for honey as a substitute of sugar, unknown in those days. Honey, wax and other products resulting from beekeeping were in demand at that time, which can be observed in the large number of apiaries.


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OPERA CĂRTURĂREASCĂ A LUI CHESARIE DE LA RÂMNIC DE RĂSPÂNDIRE A LIMBII ROMÂNE ÎN LOCUL SLAVONEI

ÎN BISERICĂ

Cosmin Vilău

LES GENS D’ESPRIT D'OLTENIE DU XVIII-EME SIECLE ET LEURS OEUVRES DE PROPAGATION DE LA LANGUE ROUMAINE AU LIE U

DU SLAVON DANS L'ÉGLISE. CHESARIE DE RAMNIC Résumé

Dans cet ouvrage on expose en synthèse, l'activité de traduction des livres de

service religieux en langue roumaine par les gens d’esprit d'Oltenie du XVIII-éme siècle, portant spécialement sur l'évêché Chesarie de Râmnic. Par leurs travail on a traduit aussi les minées en roumain les seuls livres de service qu'on n'a pas traduit jusque à ce moment-là, achevant aussi le procession d'introduction de la langue roumaine dans L'Église Orthodoxe Roumaine, leur valeur particulière est donnée par le content de leurs préfaces signée Chesarie, avec beaucoup d'idées personnelle, ce qui a contribué à la forte conscience du nation, de langue et de culture des roumains, en mettant un puissant accent sur la latinité du la langue roumaine.


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ASPECTE PRIVIND VIA łA PUBLICĂ A BOIERILOR OLTENI ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA

Mite Măneanu

ASPECTS REGARDING THE PUBLIC LIFE OF THE NOBLEMAN PEOPLE IN THE XIX th CENTURY

Abstract In this article the author reveals that in the XIXth century the nobleman from

Oltenia manifested more than in the past it’s interest for occupation and exertion of it’s more and more numerous public functions regarding the administration, economical domains, social-culture etc.

Thus the nobleman occupies almost all of theese civil and military functions civil and military functions having a very important role in the progress of different institutions and domains witch they administer. The public life of the Oltenian nobleman is characterized by a great involvement in the cultural and political activity of the province but also in the national social and political events and evolution specialy in those from the period 1848-1966.


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TIPOGRAFIA COLEGIULUI „SFÂNTUL SAVA”. SCURT ISTORIC

Florin Rotaru

LA TYPOGRAPHIE DU COLLEGE DE „SAINT SAVA ” . BRÈVE HISTORIQUE

Résumé Làpparition de la typographie du Collège de „Saint Sava” en 1839, une

entreprise d`État intégralement financée par le budget public, met en évidence – une situation contre le cours normal de l`histoire. La discontinuité du monopole typographique, en 1837, détenu jusquàlors par la „typographie Eliad”, a découvert la possibilité de développer les entreprises privées. Lànnée prochaine-1838, vont paraître les typographies privées Frederich Walbaum, Constantin Pencovici et Zaharia Carcalechi. De cette façon, sur le marché typographique bucarestois s’est constituée une concurrence solide qui produisait des prix accessibles pour les services dìmprimerie. De cette perspective, la constitution dùne typographie financée intégralement par le budget public, ne représente pas un résultat de la loi de concurrence. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous pouvons souligner lìntervention du facteur politique, conscient du pouvoir en matière de propagande de la typographie. Lìnitiative de fonder la typographie du Collège de „Saint Sava”, a appartenu de Petrache Poenaru qui, soutenu par la majorité des professeurs du Collège désireux de détenir cette possibilité dèxpression publique, prenait lìnitiative de fonder la typographie du Collège de „Saint Sava”. Le soutien politique était bien dissimulé et appartenait à Barbu Stirbei, l’ancien collègue d’études à Paris et bon ami de Petrache Poenaru. Pour avoir la protection politique assurée, Petrache Poenaru répondait avec ce contre service. À la longue, au moment où l’enjeu politique avait beaucoup diminué, la typographie est devenue entreprise universitaire. C’est dans la même configuration institutionnelle qu’on trouvera la typographie en 1864.


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SURSE EXTERNE PRIVIND REVOLUłIA DE LA 1821

Corneliu Mihail Lungu, Tiberiu Velter

EXTERNAL SOURCES CONCERNING THE REVOLUTION LED BY TUDOR VLADIMIRESCU

Abstract The revolution led by Tudor Vladimirescu produced a lot of reactions in the European politics of the XIXth century. The article reveals the main aspects of the Revolution: the program, the revolutionary actions, the personality of the leader, Tudor Vladimirescu, a hero of the Russian-Turkish wars, as they appear in documents (news-papers, diplomatical correspondence), discovered in Romanian and foreign archives.


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THE INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION OF THE MODERN ROMANIAN SOCIETY REFLECTED IN THE

FORESIGHTS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RULES

Mirela Mălăescu

ORGANIZAREA INSTITU łIONAL-ADMINISTRATIV Ă A SOCIETĂłII ROMÂNEŞTI MODERNE REFLECTAT Ă ÎN PREVEDERILE

REGULAMENTELOR ORGANICE Rezumat

Articolul prezintă modul în care Regulamentele Organice, elaborate după pacea

de la Adrianopol (1829), intrate în vigoare în 1831 în łara Românească, respectiv 1832 în Moldova, sub controlul direct al Imperiului łarist, au statuat organizarea instituŃional-administrativă a Principatelor Române, łara Românească şi Moldova. Sunt vizate toate aspectele politico-administrative, pornindu-se de la reglementările privindu-l pe Domn şi atribuŃiile sale, separarea puterilor în stat, la administraŃia centrală şi locală. Fără a răsturna ordinea socială existentă, Regulamentele Organice au accelerat evoluŃia spre modernitate a Principatelor Române.

THE INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION O F THE MODERN ROMANIAN SOCIETY REFLECTED IN THE FORESIGHTS OF

THE CONSTITUTIONAL RULES Abstract

The article presents the way in that the Constitutional Rules elaborated after de

Peace of Adrianopol (1829) and applied since 1831 in Walachia and 1832 in Moldavia, by a strict control of the Russian Empire, defined the institutional and administrative statute of the Romanian Principalities, Walachia and Moldavia. There are pointed all the political-administrative aspects, starting of the regulations concerning the Prince („Domn”) and its attributions, political separation and central and local administration. Without major changes in the social order, the Constitutional Rules accelerated the evolution to the modern era of the Romanian Principalities.


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ÎNVĂłĂMÂNTUL ÎN łARA ROMÂNEASCĂ LA MIJLOCUL SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA

Angela-Ramona Dumitru

L’ENSEIGNEMENT EN VALACHIE AU MILIEU DU XIX-ÈME SIÈ CLE Résumé

Au milieu du XIX-ème siècle, l’enseignement public a été marqué par la mise

en pratique des Règlements Scolaires de la Valachie (1833) et de la Moldavie (1834). Barbu Dimitrie Ştirbei (le Prince régnant de la Valachie pendant les années

1849-1856) étant une personne très instruite, ayant fait ses études supérieures à Paris, a beaucoup mis l’accent sur le développement de l’enseignement, qui devait être en même temps „national” et garder „la couleur locale”.

Parmi les plus importantes institutions d’enseignement public inaugurés au milieu du XIX-ème siècle en Valachie on peut compter: une École Militaire (1849), une École de Chemins et Ponts à Bucarest (1851), une Faculté de Sciences Exactes (1852), des pensionnats de langue française pour les jeunes filles, une École Commerciale (1855), des séminaires, une École de Petite Chirurgie (1856).


21

IDEEA DE NAłIUNE ÎN GÂNDIREA PA ŞOPTIŞTILOR ROMÂNI

Mihai GhiŃulescu

THE IDEA OF NATION IN THE THOUGHT OF THE ROMANIAN FORTY-EIGHTERS

Abstract The main feature of the political thought of the Romanian forty-eighters is the

ideological etherogenity that generated a polyphony of the revolutionary discourse. The nationalism connected the different tendencies by giving them an unitary appearance. But beyond the consensus concerning the necessity of the national emancipation – whose form and instruments differ from one person to another – the nationalism has not been an independent and homogeneous movement. In this article we try to present and to explain the variety of conceptions regarding the nation, looking especially for their foreign intellectual origins.


22

PROCLAMAREA INDEPENDEN łEI DE STAT A ROMÂNIEI ŞI REACłIA PUTERILOR GARANTE

Sorin Liviu Damean

LA PROCLAMATION DE L’INDÉPENDANCE DE LA ROUMANIE ET LA RÉACTION DES PUISSANCES GARANTES

Résumé

L’auteur avait cherché à mettre en évidence l’acte de la proclamation de l’indépendance de la Roumanie à 9 mai 1877 et la réaction négative des Puissances Garantes. Abandonnée a subir la dureté des circonstances, surtout la tension des rapports avec la Russie, la Roumanie a dû proclamer son indépendance sous la forme d’un grand et décisif fait accompli qui a mis fin à la suzeraineté ottomane et a complètement éludé „l’ordre garanti”. Le silence par lequel les garants ont répondu à l’acte de la proclamation de l’indépendance de la Roumanie a convaincu les cercles gouvernementaux de Bucarest de la nécessite de participer au guerre avec la Russie contre l’Empire Ottomane.


23

ITALIA ŞI RECUNOAŞTEREA INDEPENDENłEI DE STAT A ROMÂNIEI

IonuŃ Şerban

ITALY AND THE RECOGNITION OF ROMANIAN STATE INDEPEN DENCE Abstract

The author makes a short introduction about the relations between Romania

and Italy before the Berlin Congress and the reactions of the Western Powers to the problem of Romania’s Independence.

He presents some diplomatic correspondence between Italy’s diplomatic representatives and the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs regarding Romania’s Independence.

In the end the author presents the efforts of the Romanian Government towards the international recognition of independence.


24

ÎNCEPUTUL MI ŞCĂRII DE EMANCIPARE A ROMÂNILOR TIMOCENI (EVOLU łIA ISTORIC Ă ŞI POLITIC Ă A SPAłIULUI

TIMOCEAN PE PARCURSUL SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA ŞI ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA)

Dragiša Kostandinović

THE BEGINING OF THE EMANCIPATION MOVEMENT OF THE ROMANIAN FROM TIMOC (THE HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL

EVOLUTION OF TIMOC AREA DURING THE XIX th CENTURY AND THE BEGINING OF THE XX th CENTURY)

Abstract

The article reveals the main aspects of the emancipation movement of the Romanians living on the Valley of Timoc. The exponents of the oriental romanity, the Romanians of Timoc were separated since the migration period by the center of romanian civilization, the Carpathic-Danubian-Pontic space. In the XIXth century and at the beginning of XXth century the Romanians of Timoc continued their fight against assimilation, for their political and ethnical recognition.


25

MARILE PUTERI ŞI COLONIILE DIN AFRICA DE NORD ÎN A DOUA JUM ĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA ŞI PRIMELE DECENII ALE SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA

Abdulaziz Ali Abourghia

GREAT POWERS AND THE COLONIES FROM NORTHERN AFRICA IN THE HALF TIME OF 19 th CENTURY AND THE FIRST DECADES

OF 20th CENTURY Abstract

The article points out the main aspects of the actions of the Great Powers

concerning the areas of influence in Northern Africa. This region represents the starting point of a cruel competition between France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, under the surveillance of Russia and Austria-Hungary.


26

THE EMERGENCE OF THE POSTMODERN MIND AND ITS END

Bruce A. Little

NAŞTEREA OPINIILOR POSTMODERNISTE ŞI SFÂRŞITUL LOR Rezumat

Autorul prezintă condiŃiile istorice ale apariŃiei postmodernismului, evidenŃiind

şi contribuŃia unor gânditori ai secolului al XVII-lea, Francis Bacon, René Descartes şi Pierre Gassendi. Totodată, sunt impuse unei analize atente, raporturile dintre relaŃiile epistemologice şi dezvoltarea teoriei despre adevăr. CorelaŃia dintre modernism, post-modernism şi iluminism este privită din perspectiva „teoriei celor două cercuri ale adevărului”, în dorinŃa de a sublinia necesitatea progresului uman în domeniile ontologic şi epistemologic.

THE EMERGENCE OF THE POST-MODERN MIND AND ITS END Abstract

The author presents the historical conditions of the appearance of the post-

modernist thinking, revealing the contribution of a lot of philosophers of the XVIIth century as Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes and Pierre Gassendi. Although, there are currently analyzed the relations between epistemological systems and the developing of the „theory of truth”. The correlation between modernism, post-modernism and illuminist thinking is regarded on the perspective of „the theory of two circles of the truth”, for sustaining the necessity of the human progress in ontological and epistemological fields.


27

CONSIDERAłII PRIVIND IMPACTUL „DOSARULUI DOBROGEAN” ASUPRA RELAłIILOR ROMÂNO-BULGARE ÎN PERIOADA

INTERBELIC Ă

Alexandru Oşca

CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE IMPACT OF THE „FILE OF DOBROGEA” ON THE ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN

RELATIONS DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD Abstract

The author reveals a very important moment of the contemporary history of

international relations: the „file of Dobrogea”, in fact a political controversy between Romania and Bulgaria concerning the south of Dobrogea (the line „Turtucaia-Ekrene”) before the final act of the Peace Conference at Paris (1920). The political tension will continue until 1940 when Bulgaria gained the south of Dobrogea.


28

MAREA BRITANIE – PRINCIPALELE DIREC łII ALE POLITICII EXTERNE (1919-1939)

Marusia Cîrstea

LA GRANDE-BRETAGNE – LES PRINCIPALES DIRECTIONS DE LA POLITIQUE EXTÉRIEURE (1919-1939)

Résumé

Dans cet article on met en évidence les principaux objectifs et les majeures directions de la politique extérieure de la Grande-Bretagne, c’est-à-dire: les intérêts généraux de la Grande-Bretagne; la paix et la sécurité européenne par rapport à ces intérêts; le maintien des bonnes relations avec les États-Unis; l’assurance du pays avec une défense appropriée; la garantie et la conservation de l’Empire Britannique et ainsi de suite.


29

ACORDURILE ELENO-ROMÂNE DIN 21 MARTIE 1928 ŞI DIN 11 AUGUST 1931. CONTRIBUłII LA STUDIUL RELA łIILOR

ELENO-ROMÂNE ÎN PERIOADA INTERBELIC Ă

Spyridon Sfetas

THE GREEK-ROMANIAN AGREEMENTS FROM MARCH 21 st 1928 AND AUGUST 11th 1931. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY

OF THE GREEK-ROMANIAN RELATIONS DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD

Abstract

The author presents a very important moment of the Romanian international relations: the conclusion of two agrrements between Romania and Greece during the interwar period. Romania tried to consolidate its position in Europe. The article also includes a historical background of the Romanian political life. Romania and Greece had good relations during the interwar period (including a matrimonial alliance between their Royal Houses), but both countries had major problems with their neighbours: Romania with Hungary, USSR, Bulgaria and Greece, had to defend its interests against Turkey, Albania and Bulgaria. In 1934, Greece and Romania were allied in the „Balkan agreement” which would to protect their interests against the revisionist states, but the destruction of Tchechoslovakia and the capitulation of France in the summer of 1940 destroyed the alliance sistem of Romania.


30

BIG QUESTIONS FOR A STABLE SOCIETY

Bruce Riley Ashford

PROBLEME FUNDAMENTALE PENTRU O SOCIETATE STABIL Ă Rezumat

Autorul surprinde problemele fundamentale în asigurarea unei societăŃi stabile,

subliniind faptul că cel puŃin una dintre ele este relevantă pentru începutul de secol XXI. Este vorba de o problemă, care nu poate fi neglijată, fiind răspunsul la toate celelalte, problema raportului dintre religie şi opinia publică, ajungând la concluzia că religia nu poate fi exclusă din rândul opiniei publice, aşa cum politica este intrinsec legată de cultură, iar cultura de religie.

BIG QUESTIONS FOR A STABLE SOCIETY Abstract

The author presents all the essential matters in the insurance of a stable society,

insisting on the fact that one o two is relevant for the beginning of the XXI-st century. It is the problem which cannot be unconsidered, being the answer of the other problems, that of the report between religion and public opinion, concluding that the religion cannot be excluded from the public opinion, as the politics are indissolubly connected with the culture, and the culture is in direct liaison with the religion.


31

CHRISTIANITY AND THE SCIENCES: FRIENDS OR FOES?

Kenneth Keathley

METAFORA RĂZBOIULUI: „CONFLICTUL DINTRE ŞTIIN łĂ ŞI CREŞTINISM” Rezumat

Care este relaŃia dintre credinŃă şi ştiinŃă? În particular, care este relaŃia dintre

Creştinism şi practicarea ştiinŃei ca disciplină? Mai ales în secolele 19 şi 20, paradigma dominantă folosită pentru a descrie interacŃiunea lor a fost denumită „modelul războiului”. În ultima treime a secolului 20, o teorie care a intrat în scenă, numită „modelul fundamentelor creştine”, a concurat validitatea „metaforei războiului”. Mai târziu, o a treia paradigmă, numită „modelul complexităŃii”, a fost susŃinută de istorici ai ştiinŃei ca Gary Ferngren şi David Lindberg, care modifică semnificativ „modelul fundamentelor creştine”. La fel cum reiese şi din denumire, „modelul complexităŃii” susŃine că ştiinŃa şi Creştinismul au asigurat un cadru metafizic care a fost crucial pentru stabilirea ştiinŃei în Europa secolelor 17 şi 18. Acest articol susŃine concepŃiile lui Ferngern şi Lindberg şi apără al treilea model, „paradigma complexităŃii”.

CHRISTIANITY AND THE SCIENCES: FRIENDS OR FOES? Abstract

What is the relationship between faith and science? In particular, what is the

relationship between Christianity and the practice of science as a discipline? During much of the 19th and 20th centuries, the reigning paradigm used to describe their interaction was called „the warfare model”. In the last third of the 20th century, a competing theory called „the Christian foundations model”, challenged the validity of the warfare metaphor. Lately, a third paradigm, called „the complexity model”, has been advocated by historians of science such as Gary Ferngren and David Lindberg, which slightly modifies the Christian foundations model. Like the name indicates, the complexity model argues that science and Christianity have had an intricate relationship, and that Christianity provided a metaphysical framework that was crucial for the establishment of science in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. This paper agrees with Ferngren and Lindberg, and advocates the third model, the complexity paradigm.


32

MISCELLANEA

PINTENI ROMANI DESCOPERI łI ÎN SUDUL DACIEI

Lucian Amon

DES EPERONS ROMAINS DECOUVERTS DANS LE SUD DE LA DACIE Résumé

L’auteur présent trois modèles des éperons, selon la typologie de H. de Saint Short, en fer et en bronze. Les pièces en fer, du premier et du second type datent entre la moitie du II-ème et la moitie de III-ème siècle. Les autres éperons appartiennent au IV-ème siècle.


33

UNELE CONSIDERAłII PRIVIND NA ŞTEREA ŞI ÎNFLORIREA TÂRGURILOR ÎN EUROPA MEDIEVAL Ă (SECOLELE XI-XIII)

ConstanŃiu Dinulescu

SOME CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE BIRTH AND FLOURISHING OF THE BOROUGHS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE

(XI-XIII CENTURIES) Abstract

The article points out the historical process of the birth and flourishing of the

medieval boroughs from Europe during the Middle Age Era based on the vision of the new researches in the field of historiography. The author compares the development of these transformation on the level of some representative European states as France and England and reveals as main conclusion: the researches must be extended for a reconsideration which is imposed in case of a solid scientific undertaking.


34

SOLUłIILE P ĂCII ÎN VECIN ĂTATEA IMEDIAT Ă A ROMÂNIEI (1919-1920)

Alexandru Oşca

THE SOLUTIONS OF PEACE IN THE PROXIMITY OF ROMANIA (1919-1920)

Abstract

After the First World War, the external policy of Romania had as a major objective the consolidation of the political relations with the states from its proximity, for maintaining and respecting the statu-quo. Unfortunately, the solutions of peace for the Balkan countries were to far for eliminating the former disagreements and also to ensure a climate of confidence in which they could develop a common political project.


35

PROBLEMA TIMOCEAN Ă ÎN ANII INTERBELICI

Dragiša Kostandinović

THE „PROBLEM OF TIMOC” IN THE INTER-WAR PERIOD Abstract

The article reveals the main aspects of the existence of Romanians from Timoc

Valley who were subdued to a strong policy of ethnical destruction implemented by Serbian authorities. After a division of Timoc Valley realized between Serbia and Bulgaria, after the First World War, when nine communes of Romanians from Serbia entered under Bulgarian administration, the same treatment will be applied by Bulgarians. Romanians had no schools, no churches in their mother tongue, they also could not organize in their traditional administrative forms, and to use in their contacts with the official authorities the Romanian language.


36

CAN JUSTICE EXIST APART FROM TRUTH: REALITY, TRUTH AND JUSTICE

Bruce A. Little

EXISTĂ JUSTIłIE ÎN AFARA ADEV ĂRULUI: REALITATE, ADEV ĂR ŞI JUSTIłIE

Rezumat Articolul îşi propune să răspundă la o întrebare care a suscitat de mult timp

interesul filosofilor. Pentru a oferi acest răspuns, autorul porneşte de la concepŃia profetului Isaia, pe care o dezvoltă, prezentând pe rând concepŃiile filosofilor post-modernişti, relativişti care s-au dezvoltat pe întreg parcursul secolului XX. Faptul că obiectul analizei este „Vestul” – în accepŃiune istorică lumea nord-americană şi Europa Occidentală – este lesne de înŃeles, această parte a lumii având o străveche tradiŃie democratică, spiritul analitic al filosofului nesuportând niciun fel de îngrădire politică, religioasă etc. Autorul consideră că valorile creştinismului sunt cele care au supravieŃuit tuturor atacurilor venite din partea adepŃilor relativismului. Argumentul esenŃial este acela că iniŃiatorii respingerii valorilor creştinismului nu au reuşit să construiască o comunitate, indiferent de ce nivel, pe baze morale.

CAN JUSTICE EXIST APART FROM TRUTH: REALITY, TRUTH AND JUSTICE?

Abstract

The article tries to respond to a question which preoccupied the interests of he philosophers. For offering this answer, the author begins with the prophet’s Isaiah conception, which he is developing, by presenting gradually the conceptions of the post-modernist and relativist philosophers, which developed during the entire XXth century. The fact that „the West” – in historical acceptation, the North-American world and Western Europe – is the subject of the analysis is easily understood, this part of the world having an ancient democratic tradition, the analytic spirit of the philosopher developing without religious and political influence etc.

The author considers that the Christian values survived over all the attacks initiated by the relativists. The essential argument is that of the anti Christians’ failure of building a community, at any level, on moral bases.


37

THE HOLOCAUST IN THE 21 st CENTURY BETWEEN MEMORY AND HISTORY

Raphael Vago

HOLOCAUSTUL ÎN SECOLUL XXI ÎNTRE COMEMORARE ŞI ISTORIE

Rezumat Autorul studiului prezintă stadiul actual al cercetării privind Holocaustul şi

subliniază schimbările majore din ultimii ani evidenŃiind implicările acestor schimbări asupra predării Holocaustului. Fără a pune în discuŃie situaŃia cercetării Holocaustului şi a predării acestuia în diferite Ńări, se desprind câteva dintre concluzii, potrivit cărora implementarea ideilor ar putea varia de la Ńară la Ńară.

THE HOLOCAUST IN THE 21 st CENTURY BETWEEN MEMORY AND HISTORY

Abstract

The author of this study presents the present stage of the research concerning the Holocaust and insists over the major changes in the last years, especially on the implications of these changes in teaching about the Holocaust. There are not included the situation of the researches and teaching about the Holocaust, but we can explain some conclusions as that of the variation in different countries of the implementation of these ideas.


38

TEACHING ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST

Hava Baruch

PREDAREA CUNOŞTINłELOR DESPRE HOLOCAUST Rezumat

În studiul de faŃă autoarea subliniază faptul că deşi Auschwitz a devenit un

simbol al răului absolut, există multe întrebări fără răspuns în ceea ce priveşte Holocaustul în câteva dimensiuni: cercetarea istorică a acestuia, comemorarea şi folosirea sa ca mijloc în educaŃie. Nu există dubii asupra necesităŃii cercetării istorice a Holocaustului, iar în ceea ce priveşte comemorarea, aceasta se desfăşoară aproape în orice Ńară europeană. Însă, privind predarea Holocaustului totuşi, acum se fac primii paşi.

TEACHING ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST Abstract

In the present study, the author insists over the fact that even Auschwitz became a symbol of the absolute evil, there are a lot questions without an answer concerning the Holocaust in following dimensions: its historical research, commemoration and its presentation as mean of education. There is no doubt concerning the historical research on Holocaust, and the commemoration is a reality in every European country. But, in teaching about the Holocaust, we are in the first steps of this action.

Documents

Analele Universit ăŃ ii din Craiova, Seria Istorie, Anul ...cis01.central.ucv.ro/analele_universitatii/istorie/2007/anale_2007.pdf · ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA ... PREDAREA