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Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
• Robert Putnam defines Social Capital as “the social networks and the norms of trustworthiness and reciprocity that arise from them.”
CSC
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Social Capital Focuses on:• Who knows Whom (Social Networks)
• The Character of these Networks• The Strength of our Ties• Levels of Trust• Levels of Reciprocity
CSC
Knack, S. (2001); Sander & Lowney, (2006)
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
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Social Networks Matter:• Thick Trust: where trust extends only to
known friends & associates• Thin Trust: where trust extends to
include total strangers
CSC
Knack, S. (2001); Sander & Lowney, (2006)
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Trust Growing Elements:• Repeated exposure & shared spaces• Honesty in Communications• Follow-Through on Commitments• Consistency in Behavior
CSC
Knack, S. (2001); Sander & Lowney, (2006); Griffin-Hammis Associates
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Types of Social Capital:• Public-Regard: we are tied to formal groups
(City Council; PTA; People First; Kiwanis)• Private Regard: we are tied to informal
groups (Church; Softball team; Neighborhood Watch)
• Formal vs. Informal (Bylaws & Committees vs. Social/Interest/Hobby relationships)
CSC
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Types of Social Capital:• Bridging: Social ties that attempt to cut
across differences including Race, Gender, Disability, Class, Religion…
• Bonding: Links people together like themselves (special interest groups, neighborhood associations, hobby clubs…)
CSC
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Intensity of Social Capital:• Strong: Someone with whom you might
share intimate or serious issues• Weak: More episodic and casual• Example: You share stronger ties with your
doctor and weaker ties with volunteers cooking at the pancake breakfast
CSC
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
CSC
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
Bridging &
Bonding
Public & Private Regard
Formal & Informal
Thick & Thin Trust
Strong & Weak Ties
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Intensity of Social Capital:• Stronger ties are useful for creating
social support and sustained efforts; Weaker ties are more useful for networking and job searches
CSC
Wuthnow, 1998; Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Goal of Social Capital:• Raising Social Capital to improve one’s
standing in a community (e.g. using bridging capital to increase awareness of disability access issues in a community)
• Targeted at Specific Problem-Solving (e.g. using bonding capital to connect a job seeker with someone with similar career goals)
CSC
Sander & Lowney; Griffin-Hammis Associates
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Getting Others Interested & Involved :• Appeal to people’s motivations (shared personal
& professional interests and self-interest, hobbies, affiliation needs)
• Avoid yet another meeting or committee approach• Appeal to their civic pride• Make the task appear reasonable
CSC
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Getting Others Interested & Involved :• Very Small Group or One-to-One Start-up
conversations and recruitment• Set a clear outcome• Satisfy people’s motivators
CSC
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Disability Issues:• Employment• Health Improvement• Home Ownership• Isolation• Asset Accumulation• Transportation….
CSC
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Systemic & Organizational Issues:• Changing• Outdated policy and practice• Turnover• Funding• Disconnected Personnel….
CSC
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight
Intro
to S
ocia
l C
ap
ital
Project Ideas:• Establish a Microloan Fund• Establish Car Pools• Peer-Mentored After School & Summer Jobs/Businesses• Address Stereotyping by local media• Address local restaurant Barriers• Connect People to Specific Social Activities as
Individuals….
CSC
Griffin-Hammis Associates; McKnight