An Introduction to Homeland Security and Terrorism Prevention

7/25/2019 An Introduction to Homeland Security and Terrorism Prevention

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An Introduction to HomelandAn Introduction to Homeland

Security and TerrorismSecurity and Terrorism

PreventionPrevention

Chapter 15Chapter 15

Prepared by: Babette ProtzPrepared by: Babette Protz


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Defining Homeland SecurityDefining Homeland Security

Homeland Security protects lives,Homeland Security protects lives,

property, and infrastructureproperty, and infrastructure

Desined to secure the !"S" throuhDesined to secure the !"S" throuhthree functionsthree functions Preventin terrorismPreventin terrorism

#espondin to attac$s#espondin to attac$s

Providin technical support to localProvidin technical support to local

aenciesaencies


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Confusion continues to e%ist inConfusion continues to e%ist inde&nin homeland securityde&nin homeland security

Critics maintain the country is notCritics maintain the country is notpreparedprepared 'ea$nesses in port security'ea$nesses in port security (pen southern border(pen southern border

)any counterterrorism e%perts believe it *ill)any counterterrorism e%perts believe it *illbecome on the of main in&ltration routes forbecome on the of main in&ltration routes for

+ihadists+ihadists

orthern border is also di-cult to secureorthern border is also di-cult to secure


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)any di.erent understandins of)any di.erent understandins ofhomeland security because manyhomeland security because manyaencies have di.erin missionaencies have di.erin mission

Department of /nery 0D(/Department of /nery 0D(/ Protection of nuclear materials, po*er rids, asProtection of nuclear materials, po*er rids, as

lineslines

Customs and Border ProtectionCustoms and Border Protection

Secures !"S" borders and points of entrySecures !"S" borders and points of entry /lements of security e%pand or contract/lements of security e%pand or contract

dependin on an oranization2s missiondependin on an oranization2s mission


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Policy uidin homeland security in the !"S"Policy uidin homeland security in the !"S"has not been fully developedhas not been fully developed

#oles of various intellience roup are in#oles of various intellience roup are in

transitiontransition 3a* enforcement and military communities3a* enforcement and military communities

loo$in for policies to de&ne their rolesloo$in for policies to de&ne their roles Domestic and international la*s not fullyDomestic and international la*s not fully

establishedestablished 4overnment and private industry attemptin4overnment and private industry attemptin

to establish their interrelationshipto establish their interrelationship


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Department of Homeland SecurityDepartment of Homeland Security

Department of Homeland Security 0DHSDepartment of Homeland Security 0DHS

created from (-ce of homeland Security increated from (-ce of homeland Security in

667667

Several missions and internal aenciesSeveral missions and internal aencies #esponsible for manain natural and human#esponsible for manain natural and human

disastersdisasters

Chared *ith matters of science and technoloyChared *ith matters of science and technoloy

Detection of nuclear activitiesDetection of nuclear activities Coordinates responses *ith state, local, andCoordinates responses *ith state, local, and

tribal oranizationstribal oranizations


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!"S" Coast 4uard *as &rst aency!"S" Coast 4uard *as &rst aency

assined to DHS8 duties includeassined to DHS8 duties include Protection of coastal and inland *ater*aysProtection of coastal and inland *ater*ays

/nvironmental protection/nvironmental protection

9nterdiction of contraband9nterdiction of contraband

)aritime la* enforcement)aritime la* enforcement

(-ce of 9ntellience and nalysis(-ce of 9ntellience and nalysis Coordinates intellience *ith other aenciesCoordinates intellience *ith other aencies


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;ransportation Security dministration;ransportation Security dministration #esponsible for airport security#esponsible for airport security

!"S" Customs and Border Protection!"S" Customs and Border Protection

Customs aents and Border PatrolCustoms aents and Border Patrol 9mmiration and Customs /nforcement 09C/9mmiration and Customs /nforcement 09C/

9nvestiative arm of DHS9nvestiative arm of DHS

Secret ServiceSecret Service

Counters &nancial crimeCounters &nancial crime 9dentity theft9dentity theft Ban$inBan$in Cyber attac$sCyber attac$s


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Department of JusticeDepartment of Justice

)aintains several functions in the realm)aintains several functions in the realmof terrorismof terrorism

?11 desinated lead?11 desinated lead

aency for handlin terrorism in the !"S"aency for handlin terrorism in the !"S" /nhanced its Counterterrorism Division/nhanced its Counterterrorism Division 9ncreased the number of intellience9ncreased the number of intellience

analysisanalysis

Coordinates state and local la*Coordinates state and local la*enforcement e.orts in +oint ;errorismenforcement e.orts in +oint ;errorism;as$


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Department of JusticeDepartment of Justice

!"S" ttorneys!"S" ttorneys 9nvestiate and prosecute terrorism cases9nvestiate and prosecute terrorism cases Coordinate intellience sharinCoordinate intellience sharin

!"S" )arshal Service!"S" )arshal Service Provides protection to federal o-cials underProvides protection to federal o-cials under

terrorism threatsterrorism threats

Bureau of lcohol, ;obacco, and


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Department of DefenseDepartment of Defense

Department of Defense = leadin role inDepartment of Defense = leadin role intimes of *artimes of *ar

ssumed counterterrorist functionsssumed counterterrorist functions

(perates the !"S" orthern Command for(perates the !"S" orthern Command forthe purpose of homeland securitythe purpose of homeland security 3imits activities to military functions3imits activities to military functions

)ilitary forces may be used to support)ilitary forces may be used to support

civilians in counterterrorismcivilians in counterterrorism #e@uested by civilian authorities#e@uested by civilian authorities pproved by Presidentpproved by President


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Intelligence CommunityIntelligence Community

(-ce of the Director of ational(-ce of the Director of ational9ntellience 0(D99ntellience 0(D9

!nites the national security intellience!nites the national security intellienceunder one umbrellaunder one umbrella

Coordinates information from nationalCoordinates information from nationalsecurity and military intelliencesecurity and military intellience C9C9 SS

Defense 9ntellience encyDefense 9ntellience ency ational 4eo?Space 9ntellience encyational 4eo?Space 9ntellience ency ational #econnaissance (-ceational #econnaissance (-ce (perations from the Department of State(perations from the Department of State


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Intelligence CommunityIntelligence Community

(D9 has also incorporated federal la*(D9 has also incorporated federal la*enforcement intellience under itsenforcement intellience under itsumbrellaumbrella


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State, Local, and Tribal LaState, Local, and Tribal La

!nforcement!nforcement State, local, and tribal la* enforcementState, local, and tribal la* enforcement

aencies need to collect tacticalaencies need to collect tacticalintellience for the prevention of terrorismintellience for the prevention of terrorismand other crimesand other crimes !tilize intellience for plannin and the!tilize intellience for plannin and the

deployment of resourcesdeployment of resources

9nformation sharin is the heart of local9nformation sharin is the heart of localintellience systemsintellience systems Community partnership enhance the amountCommunity partnership enhance the amount

and @uality of information they can accumulateand @uality of information they can accumulate


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"etor#s and La !nforcement"etor#s and La !nforcement

Current maAor problem for the !"S" comesCurrent maAor problem for the !"S" comesfrom terror cellsfrom terror cells

Primary Aob of la* enforcement inPrimary Aob of la* enforcement inpreventin terrorism is stoppin criminalpreventin terrorism is stoppin criminalactivity *ithin net*or$sactivity *ithin net*or$s

r@uilla #onfeldt = &ve factors must be inr@uilla #onfeldt = &ve factors must be inplace for net*or$s to operateplace for net*or$s to operate ;echnoloy;echnoloy

Social supportSocial support arrativearrative (ranizational structure(ranizational structure ;actical doctrine;actical doctrine


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"etor#s and La !nforcement"etor#s and La !nforcement

et*or$s share informationet*or$s share information

encies do not chane their rolesencies do not chane their roles

;hree primary responsibilities of la*;hree primary responsibilities of la*enforcementenforcement )aintainin public safety)aintainin public safety

Collectin criminal intellienceCollectin criminal intellience Sharin information in a leal mannerSharin information in a leal manner


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Clauseit$ and Sun T$uClauseit$ and Sun T$u

Clause*itz vie*ed *ar as a rationalClause*itz vie*ed *ar as a rationalpolitical process bet*een statespolitical process bet*een states

Sun ;zu vie*ed *ar as a psycholoicalSun ;zu vie*ed *ar as a psycholoical

process at many di.erent levelsprocess at many di.erent levels Di.erence bet*een the ideas ofDi.erence bet*een the ideas of

Clause*itz and Sun ;zu can be illustratedClause*itz and Sun ;zu can be illustratedby comparin Pearl Harbor and >?11by comparin Pearl Harbor and >?11

Pearl Harbor = military attac$ rationallyPearl Harbor = military attac$ rationallydesined to obtain a political obAectivedesined to obtain a political obAective

>?11 = psycholoical attac$ desined to create>?11 = psycholoical attac$ desined to createan aura of fearan aura of fear


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%edefining Conflict%edefining Conflict

#ecent ro*th of terrorism chaned all aspects of#ecent ro*th of terrorism chaned all aspects ofmilitary a.airsmilitary a.airs

Durin 1>>6s Pentaon tried to stop enemyDurin 1>>6s Pentaon tried to stop enemymovement, attempted to concentrate forces in amovement, attempted to concentrate forces in a

sinle e.ort, and secured bases and supply linessinle e.ort, and secured bases and supply lines )ilitary forces must e%tend their mission)ilitary forces must e%tend their mission ;ransform their structure to ta$e the &ht to the terrorists;ransform their structure to ta$e the &ht to the terrorists

e* capabilities must be developede* capabilities must be developed Prevent violencePrevent violence eep infrastructures operatineep infrastructures operatin Develop strateies to include the *hole political spectrumDevelop strateies to include the *hole political spectrum Defend the social structureDefend the social structure


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Intelligence ProcessIntelligence Process

9nformation atherin is similar to academic research9nformation atherin is similar to academic research #esearcher needs basic $no*lede of a &eld and an#esearcher needs basic $no*lede of a &eld and an

understandin of sub?disciplinesunderstandin of sub?disciplines Basic intellience involves eneral information about a subAectBasic intellience involves eneral information about a subAect

and its sub?disciplinesand its sub?disciplines

Practical application of this process comes throuhPractical application of this process comes throuhoranizin structures aimed at collectin, analyzin,oranizin structures aimed at collectin, analyzin,and for*ardin informationand for*ardin information

/very !"S" la* enforcement aency should assin/very !"S" la* enforcement aency should assinsomeone to collect and for*ard terrorist intelliencesomeone to collect and for*ard terrorist intellience

State and reional levels should assemble,State and reional levels should assemble,cateorize, and analyze information and place itcateorize, and analyze information and place it*ithin national and international conte%ts*ithin national and international conte%ts


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"ational Security and Criminal"ational Security and Criminal

IntelligenceIntelligence ational security intellience is athered toational security intellience is athered to

defend the nationdefend the nation 9nformation is used to anticipate threats9nformation is used to anticipate threats ressive methods to collect informationressive methods to collect information !ltimately desined to protect tarets, not!ltimately desined to protect tarets, not

individual rihtsindividual rihts Criminal intellience is athered by la*Criminal intellience is athered by la*

enforcement and prosecutin attorneysenforcement and prosecutin attorneys

Cannot be athered, analyzed, or stored *ithoutCannot be athered, analyzed, or stored *ithoutreason to believe that a crime is about to or hasreason to believe that a crime is about to or hasta$en placeta$en place

!ltimate purpose is to protect the rihts of!ltimate purpose is to protect the rihts ofcitizens, includin those *ho have beencitizens, includin those *ho have beenarrestedarrested


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Intelligence SystemsIntelligence Systems

)odel state la* enforcement systems)odel state la* enforcement systemsfor information atherinfor information atherin e* +ersey State Policee* +ersey State Police

California nti?;errorism 9nformationCalifornia nti?;errorism 9nformationCenterCenter

e* or$ Police Departmente* or$ Police Department

Department of +ustice created t*oDepartment of +ustice created t*ointellience systemsintellience systems


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"ational Criminal Intelligence"ational Criminal Intelligence

S&aring PlanS&aring Plan Created by the 9nternational ssociation ofCreated by the 9nternational ssociation of

Chiefs of Police 09CP and the Department ofChiefs of Police 09CP and the Department of+ustice+ustice

Purpose *as to establish norms forPurpose *as to establish norms forcollectin, analyzin, and storin criminalcollectin, analyzin, and storin criminalintellience *ithin leal uidelinesintellience *ithin leal uidelines

Primary function *as to set minimumPrimary function *as to set minimumstandards for criminal intelliencestandards for criminal intellience vailable to all police aencies in the !"S"vailable to all police aencies in the !"S"

Create standards for utilizin technoloy andCreate standards for utilizin technoloy andivin police o-cers access to informationivin police o-cers access to information


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Criminal Intelligence "etor#sCriminal Intelligence "etor#s

#eional 9nformation Sharin System 0#9SS#eional 9nformation Sharin System 0#9SS Created in 1>E7, e%panded in 667Created in 1>E7, e%panded in 667 Creation of nti?;errorism 9nformation /%chane 0;9FCreation of nti?;errorism 9nformation /%chane 0;9F


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La !nforcement's Special %oleLa !nforcement's Special %ole


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La !nforcement's Special %oleLa !nforcement's Special %ole

Shiftin to o.ensive thin$in and actionShiftin to o.ensive thin$in and action Police contact *ith potential terrorists *illPolice contact *ith potential terrorists *ill

increaseincrease

9ncreases the possibility of neative stereotypin and9ncreases the possibility of neative stereotypin andabuse of poserabuse of poser

Proactive measures demand increasedProactive measures demand increased

intellience atherinintellience atherin )uch information *ill have no relationship to criminal)uch information *ill have no relationship to criminal

activity = intellience may be misusedactivity = intellience may be misused

Private security could provide valuablePrivate security could provide valuable

information to la* enforcement aenciesinformation to la* enforcement aencies


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%ole of Symbols and Structures%ole of Symbols and Structures

symmetrical *ar is *aed aainst symbolicsymmetrical *ar is *aed aainst symbolictaretstarets

Homeland security is desined to secure symbolsHomeland security is desined to secure symbols symbolic attac$ may simply be desined to inict symbolic attac$ may simply be desined to inict

massive casualtiesmassive casualties illin people has a symbolic valueillin people has a symbolic value

illin civilians serves a political purpose for terroristsillin civilians serves a political purpose for terrorists

3esser outlines three forms of terrorism3esser outlines three forms of terrorism SymbolicSymbolic PramaticPramatic SystematicSystematic

ey is ma$in symbolic tarets as secure asey is ma$in symbolic tarets as secure aspossible *hile ivin the illusion that fe* securitypossible *hile ivin the illusion that fe* securityprecautions are neededprecautions are needed


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Planning for Homeland SecurityPlanning for Homeland Security

9CP believes plannin can be uided9CP believes plannin can be uidedby loo$in for threats inside localby loo$in for threats inside localcommunities, such ascommunities, such as 9ncrease in violent rhetoric9ncrease in violent rhetoric ppearance of e%tremist roupsppearance of e%tremist roups 9ncreases in certain types of crimes9ncreases in certain types of crimes

Plannin is based on potential violencePlannin is based on potential violence 3a* enforcement can develop certain3a* enforcement can develop certain

responses based on the threatresponses based on the threat


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Creating a Culture of InformationCreating a Culture of Information

S&aringS&aring 9nformation sharin is ro*in into a la*9nformation sharin is ro*in into a la*

enforcement normenforcement norm Concept of intellience led policin is aConcept of intellience led policin is a

continuation of community policincontinuation of community policin Police o-cers anticipate and solve communityPolice o-cers anticipate and solve community

problems *ith citizens prior to an increase inproblems *ith citizens prior to an increase incrime and social disordercrime and social disorder

9ntellience led policin is part of a9ntellience led policin is part of a

process uidin deployment of la*process uidin deployment of la*enforcement resourcesenforcement resources Prevention of terrorismPrevention of terrorism Serves to prevent and address problems *ithinServes to prevent and address problems *ithin

a communitya community


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Creating a Culture of InformationCreating a Culture of Information

S&aringS&aring

Problematic areas in intellience?ledProblematic areas in intellience?led

policinpolicin 9nformation sharin *ill lead to massive9nformation sharin *ill lead to massive

data bases on people not subAect todata bases on people not subAect tocriminal investiationscriminal investiations

o oversiht of the collection, analysis,o oversiht of the collection, analysis,

and storae of informationand storae of information )isuided pro&lin)isuided pro&lin


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Intelligence and t&e ()**Intelligence and t&e ()**

CommissionCommission >?11 Commission #eport suested several>?11 Commission #eport suested several

reforms for restructurin the overnmentreforms for restructurin the overnment #ecommendations became la* in December#ecommendations became la* in December

66I8 focused on66I8 focused on

DefenseDefense 9ntellience9ntellience 9nformation sharin9nformation sharin Homeland securityHomeland security 3a* enforcement3a* enforcement

#ecommendations suested in the second part#ecommendations suested in the second partof the report *ere not consistent *ith the analysisof the report *ere not consistent *ith the analysisof the &rst part of the reportof the &rst part of the report Posner = restructurin bureaucracy *ill not automaticallyPosner = restructurin bureaucracy *ill not automatically

ma$e the !"S" saferma$e the !"S" safer

Documents

An Introduction to Homeland Security and Terrorism Prevention