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Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Site Preparation Guide

Copyright 2008 Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi DataSystems Corporation, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Notice: No part of this publication may bereproduced or transmitted in any form or byany means, electronic or mechanical, including

photocopying and recording, or stored in adatabase or retrieval system for any purposewithout the express written permission of

Hitachi Ltd., and Hitachi Data SystemsCorporation (hereinafter referred to asHitachi Data Systems).

Hitachi Ltd. and Hitachi Data Systems reservethe right to make changes to this document atany time without notice and assume no

responsibility for its use. Hitachi Ltd. andHitachi Data Systems products and servicescan only be ordered under the terms and

conditions of Hitachi Data Systems applicableagreements.

All of the features described in this document

may not be currently available. Refer to themost recent product announcement or contactyour local Hitachi Data Systems sales office for

information on feature and productavailability.

This document contains the most currentinformation available at the time ofpublication. When new and/or revisedinformation becomes available, this entiredocument will be updated and distributed to allregistered users. Hitachi, Hitachi logo, and

Hitachi Data Systems are registeredtrademarks and service marks of Hitachi, Ltd.

The Hitachi Data Systems logo is a trademarkof Hitachi, Ltd.

All other brand or product names are or maybe trademarks or service marks of and are

used to identify products or services of theirrespective owners.


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Contents iii


Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Document Revision Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiiChanges in this Revision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiiIntended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii

Document Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiiDocument Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixGetting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xRelated Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiEnvironmental Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiComments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2Key Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Expansion Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4Site Preparation Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

User Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5Site/Installation Coordinator Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Facilities Personnel Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Hitachi Data Systems Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

2 Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

General Safety Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2Safety Symbols on the Base and Expansion Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Work Safety Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4Warning About Moving Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Electrical Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Electrostatic Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Rack-Mount Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6


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3 Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Hardware Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Base Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2Rear View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Expansion Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Rear View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

4 Mounting an Array in the Hitachi Global 19-Inch Rack . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Rack Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4Rail Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

5 Preparing the Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Facilities Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Selecting a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Floor Load Ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Space Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Power Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Electrical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Service Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5User-Supplied Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7Rack-Mount Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7Server Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9Storage Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

6 RAID Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

What is RAID? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2Key RAID Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Data Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Fault Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2Improved Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3Increased, Integrated Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3Improved Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Redundancy Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3Mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3Parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4


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RAID Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5RAID 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6RAID 0+1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7RAID 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8RAID 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

A Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Dimensions and Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2Electrical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3Regulatory Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3Safety Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

B Installation Planning Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1


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Preface vii


Preface

This document provides facilities requirements for preparing andinstalling Hitachi Adaptable Modular Storage (AMS) 2100/2300storage system. Using this document, you will be able to prepareyour site for the arrival and installation of your units. Todetermine the total components your shipment will include,

please consult your Hitachi Data Systems representative.

This preface includes the following information:

Document Revision Level

Changes in this Revision

Intended Audience

Document Organization

Document Conventions

Getting Help

Related Documents

Environmental Notices

Comments

Notice: The use of the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systemand all Hitachi Data Systems products is governed by the termsof your agreement(s) with Hitachi Data Systems.


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viii Preface


Document Revision Level

This section provides a history of the revision changes to this document.

Changes in this Revision

Changed references of 2100/2300 family to 2100/2300.

Revised drawings in Chapter 6, RAID Tutorial.

Intended AudienceThis document is intended for personnel who will schedule, manage, andperform the tasks required to prepare your site for installing a Hitachi AMS2100/2300 storage system.

Document Organization

The following table provides an overview of the contents and organizationof this document. Click the chapter titlein the first column to go to thatchapter. The first page of every chapter or appendix contains a brief list ofthe contents of that section of the manual, with links to the pages where

the information is located.

Revision Date Description

MK-98DF8149EN-00 October 2008 Initial Release

MK-98DF8149EN-01 October 2008 Revision 1, supersedes and replaces MK-98DF8149EN-00

MK-98DF8149EN-02 November 2008 Revision 2, supersedes and replaces MK-98DF8149EN-01

Chapter/AppendixTitle

Description

Chapter 1, Introduction Provides an overview of the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storagesystem, and the shared responsibilities for installing them.

Chapter 2, Safety Provides important safety to follow before and during theinstallation procedure.

Chapter 3, Hitachi AMS

2100/2300 Hardware

Description

Describes the key hardware components on the Hitachi AMS2100/2300 storage system.

Chapter 4, Mounting anArray in the Hitachi

Global 19-Inch Rack

Provides information about the Hitachi Global 19-inch rack,which can be used to rack-mount Hitachi AMS 2100/2300units. Specifications for the Hitachi Global 19-inch rack are

also provided.

Chapter 5, Preparing the

Site

Describes how to prepare the site for installing Hitachi AMS2100/2300 units.

Chapter 6, RAID Tutorial Provides an overview of RAID technology.


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Preface ix


Document Conventions

This document uses the following conventions to draw your attention tocertain information.

Safety and Warnings

The following symbols are used to draw your attention to certaininformation.

Appendix A,

Specifications

Lists the key specifications for Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 units.

Appendix B, InstallationPlanning Checklist

Provides a checklist for verifying that all installationrequirements for Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 units have beenmet.

Chapter/AppendixTitle

Description

Symbol Meaning Description

Tip Tips provide helpful information, guidelines, or suggestions forperforming tasks more effectively.

Note Notes emphasize or supplement important points of the maintext.

Caution Cautions indicate that failure to take a specified action could

result in damage to the software or hardware.

WARNING Warnings indicate that failure to take a specified action couldresult in loss of data or serious damage to hardware.

DANGER Danger warns users of possible injury or death if instructionsare not followed.

cv

ELECTRICSHOCKHAZARD!

This symbol warns users of electric shock hazard. Failure totake appropriate precautions such as not opening or touchinghazardous areas of the equipment could result in injury ordeath.

ElectrostaticSensitive

The ESD symbol warns users that the equipment is sensitiveto electrostatic discharge (ESD) and could be damaged if usersdo not take appropriate precautions such as using a groundedwrist strap when touching or handling the equipment.

Sharp Edges

or corners

This symbol warns that the equipment many have sharp edges

or corners. Avoid touching or wear gloves.


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x Preface


Typographic Conventions

The following typographic conventions are used in this document.

Convention for Storage Capacity Values

Storage capacity values for hard disk drives (HDDs) in Hitachi DataSystems storage products are calculated based on the following values:

1 KB = 1,000 bytes

1 MB = 1,0002bytes

1 GB = 1,0003bytes

1 TB = 1,0004bytes

For further information on Hitachi Data Systems products and services,please contact your Hitachi Data Systems account team, or visit HitachiData Systems online at http://www.hds.com.

Getting Help

If you have questions after reading this guide, contact an HDS authorized

service provider or visit the HDS support website: http://support.hds.com

Support Contact Information

If you purchased this product from an authorized HDS reseller, contact thatreseller for support. For the name of your nearest HDS authorized reseller,refer to the HDS support web site for locations and contact information.

Convention Description

Bold Indicates text on a window, other than the window title, includingmenus, menu options, buttons, fields, and labels. Example: ClickOK.

Italic Indicates a variable, which is a placeholder for actual text providedby the user or system. Example: copy source-file target-file. Note:Angled brackets (< >) are also used to indicate variables.

screen/code Indicates text that is displayed on screen or entered by the user.Example: # pairdisplay -g oradb

< > angledbrackets

Indicates a variable, which is a placeholder for actual text providedby the user or system. Example: # pairdisplay -g Note: Italic font is also used to indicate variables.

[ ] squarebrackets

Indicates optional values. Example: [ a | b ] indicates that you canchoose a, b, or nothing.

{ } braces Indicates required or expected values. Example: { a | b } indicatesthat you must choose either a or b.

| vertical bar Indicates that you have a choice between two or more options orarguments. Examples:[ a | b ] indicates that you can choose a, b, or nothing.{ a | b } indicates that you must choose either a or b.

underline Indicates the default value. Example: [ a | b ]
http://www.hds.com/http://support.hds.com/http://support.hds.com/http://www.hds.com/http://www.hds.com/


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Preface xi


To contact the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center, please visit the HDSwebsite for current telephone numbers and other contact information.http://support.hds.com

Please provide at least the following information about the problem:

Product name, model number, part number (if applicable) and serialnumber

System configuration, including names of optional features installed,

host connections, and storage configuration such as RAID groups andLUNs

Operating system name and revision or service pack number

The exact content of any error message(s) displayed on the hostsystem(s)

The circumstances surrounding the error or failure

A detailed description of the problem and what has been done to try tosolve it

Confirmation that the HDS Hi-Track remote monitoring feature hasbeen installed and tested.

HDS Support Web Site

The following pages on the HDS support web site contain other further helpand contact information:

Home Page:http://support.hds.com

Interoperability Information

Hitachi Data Systems believes that interoperability and industry standardsare the keys to simplifying storage management software, exceedingcustomer expectations, and driving down customer costs. By working withother storage industry leaders, Hitachi Data Systems demonstrates howheterogeneous storage systems can work in concert seamlessly under anopen hardware/software umbrella, to the benefit of our mutual customers.Interoperability information about the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 base andexpansion units and other products from Hitachi Data Systems can beobtained from www.hds.com/products/interoperability.

Related Documents

Hitachi Data Systems offers a complete library of user and onlinedocumentation to ensure you get the most out of the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage system. The user documentation suite includes

Installation Guidesdescribe how to install Hitachi AMS 2100/2300storage system.

NOTE: To help improve the quality of our service and support, your callsmay be recorded or monitored.
http://support.hds.com/http://support.hds.com/http://support.hds.com/http://www.hds.com/products/interoperabilityhttp://www.hds.com/products/interoperabilityhttp://support.hds.com/http://support.hds.com/http://www.hds.com/products/interoperability


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User Guidesdescribe how to use software applications from HitachiData Systems that are supported on Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storagesystem.

Host Installation Guidesdescribe how to prepare the Hitachi AMS2100/2300 storage system for supported host operating systems.Because each operating system has its own requirements, separatehost installation guides are available for each operating systemsupported by Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage system.

Release Notescontain requirements, restrictions, and updates aboutusing Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage system.

Environmental NoticesFCC Notice

Federal Communications Commission

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for aClass A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits aredesigned to provide reasonable protection against harmful interferencewhen the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.This

equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, ifnot installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may causeharmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipmentin a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which caseusers will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.

Comments

Your comments and suggestions to improve this document are greatlyappreciated. When contacting Hitachi Data Systems, please include thedocument title, number, and revision. Please refer to specific section(s) andparagraph(s) whenever possible.

E-mail: [email protected]

Fax: 858-695-1186

Mail: Technical Writing, M/S 35-10Hitachi Data Systems10277 Scripps Ranch Blvd.San Diego, CA 92131

T h an k y o u ! (All comments become the property of Hitachi Data SystemsCorporation.)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Introduction 11


1

Introduction

The required installation planning tasks for the Hitachi Adaptable ModularStorage (AMS) 2100/2300 base and expansion units must be scheduled andcompleted to ensure successful and efficient installation. As your trustedstorage partner, Hitachi Data Systems shares with users the responsibilitiesassociated with installing the base and expansion units.

This chapter identifies the site planning responsibilities for users and HitachiData Systems. It also provides an overview of the base and expansion unitsand summarizes their key features. The key topics in this chapter are:

Product Description

Key Features

Expansion Units

Site Preparation Responsibilities


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12 Introduction


Product Description

The Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems are highly versatile, highlyscalable, and easy-to-use storage solutions that reduce storagemanagement complexity, cost, and risk and offer the highest levels ofperformance, availability, scalability, and reliability. The units boast easy-to-use software wizards and Web-based tools for configuring, managing, andmaintaining your storage.

The Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems consist of a base unit and oneor more expansion units that can be added to the base unit for increasedcapacity.

The base unit contains two controllers, two hot-swappable powersupplies and fans, two hot-swappable battery backup units, and up to15 drives. The base unit also provides fibre channel, management, andmaintenance port interfaces.

An expansion unit contains up to 15 additional drives.

The base and expansion units support a combination of Serial AdvancedTechnical Attachment (SATA) drives and Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) driveswithin the same enclosure. This unparalleled flexibility allows you to choosebetween trusted lower-cost, high-capacity SATA drives or high-performanceSAS drives. Or if you cant decide, you can use them both in a singleenclosure that seamlessly supports both types of drives. In this way, youcan mix and match drive technologies and fine tune system performance,reliability, and price to meet low-cost or high-performance requirements or even both at the same time.

When mixing SATA and SAS drives within the same enclosure, observe thefollowing guidelines:

In the base unit, start with four SATA or SAS drives. You can then mix

SATA and SAS drives in increments of 2 within the same enclosure. In expansion units, start with two SATA or SAS drives. You can then mix

SATA and SAS drives in increments of 2 within the same enclosure.

Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems also deliver more cost-effectiveoptions for increased data protection and disaster recovery than competingproducts. This advantage provides a comprehensive data life cyclemanagement solution that allows cost-conscious users to match and deploythe right class of storage for their application requirements, resulting in alower storage total cost of ownership.


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Introduction 13


Additional key benefits include:

Pay-as-you-grow scalability by hot-adding 15-drive expansion units(see Expansion Units on page 1-4)

Switched point-to-point architecture eliminates bottlenecks whendelivering data to/from drives and cache and on to the server idealfor environments with multiple servers and offering greater flexibility indesigning storage networks

Superior flexibility for handling any workload requirements Failover support with load balancing moves workloads to the second

controller following a disruption to one controller or network connection

Active-active design reduces management complexities

Base and expansion units can be installed and maintained by users

Tool-free maintenance can be performed by users

All Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems offer a green storageplatform that is fully RoHS (reduction of hazardous sources) compliantand energy efficient, with power down options for long-term archivestorage

Key Features

Table 1-1provides a side-by-side comparison of the key features of theHitachi AMS 2100 and AMS 2300 storage systems.

Table 1-1: Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Key Features

Feature Hitachi AMS 2100 Hitachi AMS 2300

Processor Intel 1.67 GHz Intel 1.67 GHz

Cache 8 GB 16 GB

Fibre channel interface ports 4 (2 per controller) 8 (4 per controller)

Fibre channel speeds 1, 2, and 4 Gbps 1, 2, and 4 Gbps

Drives per base unit 2 - 15 SATA and/or SAS(can be mixed in 1enclosure)

2 - 15 SATA and/or SAS(can be mixed in 1enclosure)

Drives per expansion unit Up to 15 SATA and/or SAS(can be mixed in 1 unit)

Up to 15 SATA and/or SAS(can be mixed in 1 unit)

Total number of expansionunits/drives (see note below)

7 units / 120 drives 13 units / 210 drives

Maximum number of RAIDgroups

50 75

Maximum number of Logical

Units

2048 4096

Maximum Logical Unit size 60 TB 60 TB


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14 Introduction


Expansion Units

Effective storage implementations require good configuration and capacityplanning. To that end, it is critical to know your existing storagerequirements and to anticipate what those requirements will be in a year ortwo to ensure that the solution being applied today will meet your storageprojections for that timeframe.

A significant benefit of the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems is thatyou do not have to buy all of your storage at once. You can buy enoughcapacity to meet your current needs, and gradually scale your storage overtime by adding expansion units to accommodate increasing demands asneeded. Each expansion unit holds an additional 15 SATA and/or SAS drives.The drive types can be mixed in the expansion unit, just as they can bemixed in the base unit. Best of all, the additional capacity can be madeavailable instantly, simply by daisy-chaining the expansion unit into thesystem, without disrupting users or applications.

A Hitachi AMS 2100 base unit supports up to 7 expansion units, for atotal storage capacity of 115.2 TB.

A Hitachi AMS 2300 base unit supports up to 13 expansion units, for atotal storage capacity of 201.7 TB.


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16 Introduction


Site/Installation Coordinator Responsibilities

If a site or installation coordinator will be involved, that person should:

Review the site preparation guide for safety information andsystem requirements.

Coordinate personnel and tasks.

Order required materials.

Choose the site.

Review checklists with HDS representative to verify that the site isproperly prepared.

Schedule the installation and informs personnel of the installationdate.

Ensure that the site is clear of unnecessary material on theinstallation day.

Be available throughout installation.

Facilities Personnel Responsibilities

If facilities personnel will be involved, those individuals should ensure thatinstallation requirements are met for:

Space at the installation site

Temperature and humidity

Ventilation

Electrical supply

Computer

Safety and installation materials

In addition, facilities personnel should move the base and expansion unitsin their carton to the installation site before the installation date (at least 3people should be used to move and position the units) and be available ifneeded during the installation.

Hitachi Data Systems Responsibilities

Your Hitachi Data Systems account team will assist you throughout the site

planning process. The Hitachi Data Systems account team is responsiblefor:

Assisting you as needed to plan the installation for your specific siteand operational configuration.

Coordinating Hitachi Data Systems resources to ensure smoothdelivery, installation, and configuration of the units.

NOTE: Please see Appendix Afor environmental specifications.


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Safety 21


2

Safety

Install Hitachi Adaptable Modular System (AMS) 2100/2300 storagesystems accordance with the local safety codes and regulations that applyto the facility. This chapter contains additional safety information that mayapply to your facility. Read and follow the safety guidelines in this chapterbefore installing the units. The key sections in this chapter are:

General Safety Guidelines

Safety Symbols on the Base and Expansion Units

Work Safety Guidelines

Electrical Safety

Electrostatic Safety

Warning About Moving Parts

Rack-Mount Safety Considerations


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22 Safety


General Safety Guidelines

Observe the following general safety guidelines:

Do not make mechanical or electrical modifications to the equipment.Hitachi Data Systems is not responsible for regulatory compliance of amodified Hitachi Data Systems product.

To minimize personal injury in the event of an earthquake, securely

fasten the base and expansion units to a rigid structure extending fromthe floor to the ceiling or from the walls of the room in which the unitsare located.

Safety Symbols on the Base and Expansion Units

Safety warnings, cautions, and instructions in various languages can appearon the base and expansion units. The safety warnings provide safetyguidelines to follow when working with any equipment. We recommend thatyou read all warning labels on the hardware.

Figure 2-1: Example of Safety Labels on Base Unit


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Safety 23


Figure 2-2: Example of Safety Labels on Expansion Unit


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24 Safety


Work Safety Guidelines

Observe the following preventive site guidelines:

Do not wear loose clothing that could get caught in the chassis ormounting hardware. Fasten your tie or scarf and roll up your sleeves.

Wear safety glasses when working under conditions that are hazardousto your eyes.

Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people ormakes the equipment or rack unsafe.

Keep walkways clear of tools, power cables, and parts to prevent themfrom being stepped on or cause people to trip and fall over them.

Do not work on the equipment or disconnect cables during athunderstorm, when wearing a wool sweater or other heavy woolclothing, or when power is applied.

Keep floors dry to prevent slips and falls.

Do not use ungrounded power cables.

Keep the area clear and dust-free during and after installation.

Do not block or cover the openings of the base and expansion units.Never place a unit near a radiator or heat register. Failure to followthese guidelines can cause overheating and affect the units reliability.

Ensure that the chassis cover is secure. The chassis is designed to allowcooling air to flow effectively within it. An open chassis allows air leaks,which may interrupt and redirect the flow of cooling air from internalcomponents.

The Hitachi Global 19-inc rack is equipped with wheels so that you canmove it. Use enough personnel when moving the cabinet, especially onsloping loading docks and ramps, to gain access to a raised computerroom floor. Move the cabinet slowly and deliberately, and make sure

that the floor is free from foreign objects and cables that the cabinetcould roll over.

WARNING! To avoid injury, wear protective footwear when moving a baseor expansion unit.


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Safety 25


Warning About Moving Parts

Observe the following warning related to moving parts:

Base and expansion units are equipped with high-precisioncomponents. When removing and installing components, handle themgently to prevent mechanical shock.

Tuck in any loose clothing so that it will not be caught by a moving or

rotating part such as a fan. Tie up long hair.

Unless otherwise specifically instructed, do not supply power to anydevice that contains rotating or moving parts that are not properlycovered.

If instructed to supply power to any device with rotating or movingparts whose covers have been removed, work with another person whocan immediately turn off the power in an emergency.

Electrical Safety

Observe the following safety guidelines:

Disconnect all power before installation.

Electrical equipment generates heat. Ambient air temperature mightnot be adequate to cool equipment to acceptable operatingtemperatures without adequate circulation. Ensure that the room inwhich you operate your system has adequate air circulation.

Ensure that the voltage and frequency of your power source match thevoltage and frequency required by the unit.

All powered equipment should be properly grounded for properoperation and safety. To reduce the risk of electric shock or damage to

equipment, follow proper grounding procedures.

Electrostatic Safety

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage static-sensitive devices, such asthe controllers and drives in the base and expansion units. Therefore,observe the following guidelines when handling this equipment:

Wear an anti-static wrist strap to help prevent damage to the units dueto electrostatic discharge (ESD). Connect the clip on the strap to anunpainted part of the chassis to safely channel any static electricitygenerated by your body to ground. If no wrist strap is available, ground

yourself by touching an unpainted part of the chassis. When handling a drive, hold it with the hand on which you are wearing

the wrist strap. You can discharge static electricity by touching theframe of the drive.

When installing or removing ESD-sensitive components such as themotherboard, memory, and other printed-circuit boards, place thecomponents on an antistatic mat.


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26 Safety


Rack-Mount Safety Considerations

Base and expansion units are mounted in a rack. The location of the unitsin the rack, along with the layout of your equipment rack and its wiring, are

extremely important for proper system operation. Equipment placed tooclosely together, can cause inadequate ventilation, and inaccessible panels.These can cause system malfunctions and shutdowns, and can makesystem maintenance difficult.

Observe the following rack-mount guidelines:

Fully configured base and expansion units can weigh hundreds ofpounds (see Floor Load Ratings on page 5-3). Ensure that all surfacesover whichthis system will travel can withstand this load.

Enclosed racks must have adequate ventilation. Allow enoughventilation space between the base and expansion units and other

objects in the vicinity. In particular, be sure not to block the air vents onthe front and back of the base and expansion units. An enclosed rackshould have louvered sides and a fan to provide cooling air.

Start mounting the units from the bottom of the rack. If the unit ismounted at the top of the rack, the rack may become unstable and fall.

Figure 2-3: Examples of Base/ Expansion Units Mountedat the Bottom of a Rack

When mounting a chassis in an open rack, ensure that the rack framedoes not block the airflow from either the intake or the exhaust ports.If the chassis is installed on slides, check the position of the chassiswhen it is seated all the way in the rack.

NOTE: In addition to the information below, see the detailed rackinformation in Chapter 4, Mounting an Array in the Hitachi Global 19-InchRack.

WARNING! If a unit falls during installation, it can cause personalinjury. When lifting the unit, be sure you have a sufficient numberof people. Unit positioning, fastening, or other handling should beperformed very carefully.

Base Unit

Expansion

Unit


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28 Safety



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Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Hardware Description 31


3

Hitachi AMS 2100/2300Hardware Description

This chapter provides a high-level overview of the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300storage system hardware. The key topics in this chapter are:

Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Base Units

Expansion Units


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32 Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Hardware Description


Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Base Units

Front View

All Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 base units have light-Emitting Diode (LED)indicators on the front panel that show the units power, ready, warning, andalarm status. Be sure the installation location provides an unobstructedview of the front panel LEDs.

The Mainswitch for powering on the base and expansion units is alsolocated on the front of the unit. Facing the front of the base unit, this switchis located at the lower right area. Moving the switch to the right powers onthe base unit and any attached expansion units, while moving the switch tothe left powers off the units. Be sure the installation location provides easyaccess to this switch.

Figure 3-1: Front View of Base Unit

Drives are accessed from the front of the base unit by removing the frontpanel bezel. Therefore, the installation location should provide sufficientroom to remove the front bezel and install, remove, or replace drives. Forconvenience, the base unit provides tool-free access to the drives,simplifying maintenance and repair while maximizing valuable IT resourcetime.

Figure 3-2: Front View (Front Bezel Removed)

WarningLED (orange)

AlarmLED (red)

ReadyLED (green)

PowerLED (green)

Main Switch OFF Main Switch ON

Disk Drives

Battery Backup Unit

Panel

Assembly


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Rear View

The rear view of the base unit provides external interfaces and two powerreceptacles. The installation location must provide easy access to theseinterfaces and receptacles.

The rear view of the AMS 2100 and AMS 2300 base units is nearly identical,differing only by the number of fibre channel interfaces:

The Hitachi AMS 2100 base unit has 4 fibre channel ports (2 percontroller).

The Hitachi AMS 2300 base unit has 8 fibre channel ports (4 percontroller).

The rear panel of the base unit also provides management and maintenanceports:

The management port is an RJ-45 Ethernet LAN connector that is usedto configure the controller using Hitachi Storage Navigator Modular 2configuration software. Configuration can be performed using either acomputer with an installed NIC card that is directly connected to the

management port (see Figure 3-5 on page 3-4) or by connecting themanagement port to your Local Area Network (LAN).

The maintenance port is an RJ-45 Ethernet LAN connector that is usedfor troubleshooting purposes.

Each controller also provides interfaces for connecting a battery,uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and remote adapter.

The rear panel also has a number of LEDs that show the status of the baseunit and its fibre channel ports.

Figure 3-3: Rear View of the Hitachi AMS 2100 Base Unit

ManagementPort

Maintenance Port

Fibre Channel Ports

Battery Port

UPS PortController 1

Controller 0

Power

Receptacle

Power

Receptacle

Maintenance Port

Management Port

Fibre Channel Ports

Battery Port

UPS Port


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Figure 3-4: Rear View of the Hitachi AMS 2300 Base Unit

Figure 3-5: Example of Connecting a Notebook Computer to the

Management Port

ManagementPort

Maintenance Port

Fibre Channel Ports

Battery Port

UPS PortController 1

Controller 0

Power

Receptacle

Power

Receptacle

Maintenance Port

Management Port

Fibre Channel Ports

Battery Port

UPS Port


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Expansion Units

An expansion unit provides additional storage capabilities for the base units.An expansion unit can hold up to 15 SATA or SAS drives. SATA and SASdrives can be mixed within the same enclosure, so long as the guidelinesunder Product Description on page 1-2are followed.

Front View

Drives are installed, removed, and replaced tool-free from the front of theexpansion unit. Therefore, the installation location should provide sufficientroom to access the drives.

The front panel of the expansion unit provides power and locate LEDs thatshow the status of the unit and identify each drive in the unit. Theinstallation location should provide an unobstructed view of these LEDs.

In addition, each drive slot on the expansion unit has alarm and ready LEDsthat show the status of the drive. These LEDs are visible when the frontbezel is removed.

Figure 3-6: Front View of the Expansion Unit

Figure 3-7: Front View of the Expansion Unit (Front Bezel Removed)

LocateLED (orange) PowerLED (green)

AlarmLED (red) ReadyLED (green)


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Rear View

The rear of the expansion unit provides the connectors used to daisy chainexpansion units in the system. It also provides LEDs that show the statusof the expansion unit and the power receptacles that provide power to theexpansion unit.

Figure 3-8: Rear View of the Expansion Unit

Daisy-chain

Connectors

Power

Receptacle

Power

Receptacle

LEDs

LEDs


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Mounting an Array in the Hitachi Global 19-Inch Rack 41


4

Mounting an Array in the HitachiGlobal 19-Inch Rack

Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems are designed to be rack mountedeither in the Hitachi Global 19-inch rack or an equivalent rack. This chapterprovides guidelines to observe when installing the units into a Hitachi Global

19-inch rack. The key topics in this chapter include:

Overview

Rack Dimensions

Clearances

Height

Ventilation

Power

Rail Installation

Specifications

For additional rack-mount considerations, see Rack-Mount SafetyConsiderations on page 2-6.


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42 Mounting an Array in the Hitachi Global 19-Inch Rack


Overview

The Hitachi Data Systems 19-inch Global rack is a full solution containing allcomponents required for a full installation of the Hitachi Data Systemsstorage system. This chapter provides information about the rackassociated with site preparation. For a complete description of the rack,please refer to the Hitachi Data Systems Global 19-inch Rack ReferenceGuide(MK-93DF665).

Rack Dimensions

The Hitachi Data Systems 19-inch Global rack measures 80 inches high(199.0 mm) by 604.8 inches (24.2 mm) wide by 896.33 inches (35.9 mm)deep.

Figure 4-1: Front and Top Views of the Rack(measurements in millimeters)

NOTE: Hitachi Data Systems also offers a third-party Universal Rail Kit 19-inch rack (item code 7846406) for rack mounting devices in third-partyracks. Depth is adjustable to facilitate rack mounting. All hardware isincluded. For more information, please contact your Hitachi Data Systemsrepresentative.

Front View Top View


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Clearances

Figure 4-2shows the installation and maintenance clearance areas for therack.

Figure 4-2: Rack Clearance (measurements in millimeters)

Height

Rack-mount server cases are specified in U's, which is short for units andrefers to a standard for measuring the height of a device when installed intoa rack. A 1U server, for example, is very thin, measuring only 1.75" high,while 2U is 3.5", exactly double the height of 1U.

The Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 base unit comes in a 4U rack-mount enclosure,which is 4 times the height of 1U. The expansion unit comes in a 3U rack-mount enclosure, which is 3 times the height of 1U. Please be sure the rackhas sufficient space to accommodate the base and expansion units.

Ventilation

Make sure that the air vents on the rack are free of obstruction and areinspected periodically. To prevent electric shock or fire, do not place metallicmaterial such as paper clips or any combustible material such as paper intoor near the air vents.

NOTE: The Hitachi Global 19-inch rack has a maximum mountable spaceof 42U. 2U is reserved at the base of the rack for possible battery units. Thebase and expansion units are mounted starting from that point in the rack.


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The airflow for the base and expansion units are from front to back. The rackhas no door in the front, but has a ventilated door in the back that allowsthe system to draw air through the front and exhaust air through the back.Do not block the front of mounted components or the rear-ventilated door.

Power

The Hitachi Global 19-inch rack is wired for 200-240V with four powerdistribution units (PDUs).

The PDU is rated for 200-240VAC, 50/60 Hz, 30 amps, derated to 24amps.

Four 30-amp PDUs come pre-installed in the rack.

When connecting devices to the PDUs, do not exceed 12 amps per bank offour receptacles, and do not exceed 24 amps per PDU. Follow the guidelinesfor PDU load as specified in the appropriate Hitachi Data Systemsinstallation documentation.

To support redundancy, always connect PDUs on the left side of the rack to

one power source and PDUs on the right side of the rack to a different powersource on another circuit. Connect dual-power supply components with onepower cable to a PDU on the left side, and the other power cable to a PDUon the right side.

If installing third-party components in the rack, identify the component'samperage load and check the current amperage load on the PDUs todetermine if the component can be plugged into a PDU.

WARNING! To reduce the risk of injury, fire, or damage to persons orequipment, do not exceed the maximum usable amperage per PDU. Consultthe electrical authority having jurisdiction over your facility's wiring and

installation requirements. When planning for power distribution andrequirements for your rack configuration, note the following: Balance the amperage load between available PDUs.

The amperage load on each PDU must not exceed 80% of the PDU current rating(i.e., the maximum amperage is 80% of the 30 amp PDUs, allowing for a maximum

of 24 usable amps per PDU).

If an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is used, the load should not exceed 80% ofthe UPS's marked electrical current rating.

NOTE: The power supply for the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 units providesauto-switching between 110V and 230V.


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Rail Installation

Figure 4-3shows an exploded view of the rack. Table 4-1 on page 4-6identifies the numbered components in the figure.

Figure 4-3: Exploded View of the Rack

ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD! The rack has multiple power cords. Toavoid electric shock, make sure that you disconnect all of them beforeservicing. There are high-voltage parts in rack-mounted equipment thatshould not be touched during maintenance. For safety reasons, anotherperson should be on alert in case the power feed to the equipment needs tobe quickly turned off. After the power feed to the equipment is shut off,electricity remains in the equipment for a period of time. Do not touch anycomponents other than those indicated in this manual.


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Table 4-1: Components of the 19-Inch Rack

Item Quantity Description

1. 1 Frame, SPC TY06195009

2. 1 PS Roof, Solid w/Cable Access

3. 1 Caster, RH Rigid, w/Leveling Foot Block

4. 1 Caster, LH Rigid, w/Leveling Foot Block

5. 2 Caster, Swivel, Clear Chromate

6. 4 Leveling Foot DS-MHEX

7. 1 EIA Rail, 42U RH

8. 1 EIA Rail, 42U LH

9. 1 Bezel, Type 061950

10. 13 3U Blanking Panel

11. 5 Lock Catch, F. Lock 32370

12. 4 Grommet Cap - Closed

13. 1 HDS Logo Badge

14. 3 IU Blanking Panel

15. 1 42U EIA Rail, RH

16. 1 42U EIA Rail, LH

17. 14 Support Rail, LH

18. 14 Support Rail, RH

19. 8 Guide Ring Clip

20. 8 Cable Guide Rings, Metal

21. 3 Door Hinge Assembly, LH

22. 2 PDU_8 Inlet_30 Amp/ W/LG-30 Plug, LH

23. 58 IO-32 X 5/8 PH. Truss HD, Black Finish

24. 28 IO-32 X 1/4 PH. Truss HD, TRS-Z

25. 3 M4 x 10 Phil Flat HD Mach Scr

26. 2 900 Deep Sidewall

27. 1 PS Door, LH. Type 061850

28. 2 Ground Wire, ICAWG, Blk, 11Omm Lg

29. 1 Ground Wire, F. Doors, 200MM L

30. 3 Amp Faston Tab Terminal

31. 4 M12X20 Torxx Truss HD.

32. 2 PDU.8 Inlet-30 Amp, w/L6-30 Plug, RH

33. 1 Stabilizer Kit34. 1 3U Vented Blanking Panel

35. 32 Jumper Cable, IEC, 15A, 27' Lg

NOTE: Components cannot be ordered separately.


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SpecificationsTable 4-2: Hitachi Global 19-inch Rack Specifications

Item Specification Item Specification

Dimensions(HxWxD)

(in): 79 x 24 x 36(mm): 2006 x 609.6 x 900

Frame Welded steel

Usable Volume(HxWxD)

(in): 73.4 x 19.2 x 31.5(mm): 1866 x 488 x 802

Roof Solid with 4 cable entryholes

Weight (approx) 300 lbs / 136 kg Rear Door Perforated, with lock, abilityto optionally mount fans

Static Weight

Capacity

2000 lbs / 907 kg Side Panels Solid, with locks

Power 200-240 VAC(4) 30 amp power strips

Mounting Four 19" vertical rails, withU markings

Power Strip Rated: 200 - 240 VAC, 50/60Hz

Circuit breakers (power on/offswitch): 2

Outlets/Receptacles: 8 (IECC13 outlets)

Casters 2 fixed in the front

2 swivel casters in therear

Each caster rated at

249 kg (550 lbs) each

Power Cords Power Cord: Rated 30A, 200-240V

APIA Plug: EIC 309

EMEA Plug: IEC 309

US Plug: L6-30P

Leveling Feet 4

Amperage 30A total

24A usable/derated

12A usable/derated, per 4outlets

10A max. capability per outlet

CableManagement

Cable ring guides in the rear

Indicator Green lights (2), when circuitbreakers are ON

Grounding Black ground straps (door/sides/roof)

Power Cord Rated 30A, 200-240V

APIA Plug: IEC 309

EMEA Plug: IEC 309

US Plug: L6-30P

Blanking Panels 13 3U solid + One 3Uvented

3 1U solid

Retainer Clip 8, one per outlet (prevents powercords from being disconnectedaccidentally)

Support Rails 14 pairs installed

Temperature Operating: 0 to 50 C (32 to

122F)Storage:-25 to 65 C (-13 to149F)

Stabilizer Front and side L-shaped

stabilizer plates included

Humidity 0 to 95%, non-condensing Manual Included

Color Black Safety Approvals(rack with powerstrips)

UL60950 cUL1950

CE

Mounting Heightin EIA Units

42U Options Fan tray (installable inrear door)

Shelf

Pull-out Shelf

Pull-out support rails


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Preparing the Site 51


5

Preparing the Site

Before you install the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage system, itis important to plan the site where the units will reside. Thisusually involves more than just shuffling equipment. The unitsmust fit through doors and have a spot in the data center thatprovides adequate power and network connectivity. If units are

added to an existing storage setup, the additional units mayrequire more cooling in the data center.

Therefore, it is vital to prepare a location for the units andimplement any facilities changes needed to accommodate theunits in advance. Changes may involve reinforcing the elevatedfloor where the units will be located, updating electrical service(for example, more plugs or higher amperage), or addingventilation for supplemental cooling (if necessary).

This chapter provides site-preparation guidelines to ensure thatyou are fully prepared for a successful installation. The topics in

this chapter include:

Facilities Considerations

User-Supplied Materials

Rack-Mount Considerations

Server Considerations

Storage Features


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52 Preparing the Site


Facilities Considerations

Selecting a Site

The following precautions will help you plan an acceptable operatingenvironment for the base and expansion units and will help you avoidenvironmentally caused equipment failures.

Select a flat location that is clean, with no dust or exposure to directsunlight or vibrations. Avoid inclined floors.

The location should not be prone to variations in temperature andhumidity.

Do not store or install the equipment in a high temperatureenvironment of 40 degrees centigrade or more, because battery life willbe shortened.

The location should not be near strong magnetic fields or close to adevice that generates electric noise.

Electrical equipment generates heat. Ambient air temperature mightnot be adequate to cool equipment to acceptable operating

temperatures without adequate circulation. Ensure that the room inwhich the units operate has adequate air circulation.

Always follow the ESD-prevention procedures described in ElectrostaticSafety on page 2-5to avoid damage to equipment. Damage from staticdischarge can cause immediate or intermittent equipment failure.

Ensure that the enclosure cover is secure. The enclosure is designed toallow cooling air to flow effectively within it. An open chassis allows airleaks, which may interrupt and redirect the flow of cooling air frominternal components.

NOTE: For environmental specifications, see Appendix A, Specifications.


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Floor Load Ratings

The floor space at the installation site must be strong enough to support thecombined weight of the base unit and expansion units, the rack in whichthey are installed, and all associated equipment. To ensure adequate load-bearing capacity, plan for the maximum configuration.

A maximum configuration consists of one base unit and up to 7 expansion

units (AMS 2100) or 13 expansion units (AMS 2300). A fully populated base unit weighs 112.2 pounds (51 kg).

A fully populated expansion unit weighs 88.1 pounds (40 kg).

The weights shown above do not include the rack itself, so please add theweight of the rack to the values shown above. If the Hitachi Global 19-inchrack is used, add 300 pounds (136 kg) for the weight of an unpopulated rack(static weight capacity is 2,000 pounds [907 kg].) For a complete list ofspecifications, see Table 4-2 on page 4-7. If you are using a different rack,please refer to the documentation for that rack.

Space RequirementsThe installation site also requires sufficient space for installation, operation,and servicing the units and sufficient ventilation to provide a free flow of airto the units. To prevent overheating, the base and expansion units haveventilation holes on the front and back of the enclosure. Leave at least 2inches (5 cm) of open space at the front and rear of the units. There shouldalso be enough space in front of the units to view the front panel LEDs andaccess drives, and enough space at the rear of the units to access theinterface connectors and view the rear panel LEDs. For more information,see Table 4-2 on page 4-7.

Power ConsiderationsHitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems have an input power rating of125V200V operation. The units come with a set of electrical power cables.A label near the power cord indicates the correct voltage, frequency, currentdraw, and power dissipation that should be used with the cable. Please besure to use the appropriate power cable for your location. Also, check thepower at your site to ensure that you are receiving clean power (free ofspikes and noise). Install a power conditioner if necessary.

NOTE: For rack power considerations, see Chapter 4, Mounting an Arrayin the Hitachi Global 19-Inch Rack.


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Environmental Requirements

For information about the environmental conditions that are prerequisite toinstalling the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage system, see EnvironmentalSpecifications on page A-2.

Service Clearance

The installation area and service clearance in Figure 5-1 on page 5-6arerequired to install Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage system. Be sure to installthe units in a location that conforms to the requirements in the figure toensure that the units can be accessed and receives the proper ventilation.All dimensions in the following figure are stated in mm.


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Figure 5-1: Service Clearance Areas


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Figure 5-2: Example of a Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 Systems in a Rack

The following information will help you plan an acceptable equipment rackconfiguration.

To maintain a low center of gravity and reduce the likelihood ofinstability, the base and expansion units should be installed from thebottom of the rack upwards. This is recommended to ensure personalsafety.

To ensure that the internal heat build up is adequately dissipated intothe room environment, air flow should not be restricted. It is essential

NOTE: In the Hitachi Global 19-inch rack, 2U is reserved at the base of therack for possible battery units. This leaves 40U of mountable space in therack. Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 units are mounted starting from that point inthe rack.


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that no vents are blocked, and that the base and expansion units areaway from a solid surface such as a wall or partition. Air flow throughthe units is from front to rear.

Enclosed racks must have adequate ventilation. Ensure that the rack isnot overly congested, because each unit generates heat. An enclosedrack should have louvered sides and a fan to provide cooling air.

In an enclosed rack with a ventilation fan in the top, excessive heatgenerated by equipment near the bottom of the rack can be drawnupward and into the intake ports of the equipment above it in the rack.Ensure that you provide adequate ventilation for equipment at thebottom of the rack.

Baffles can help to isolate exhaust air from intake air, which also helpsto draw cooling air through the chassis. The best placement of thebaffles depends on the airflow patterns in the rack, which can be foundby experimenting with different arrangements.

Consideration should be given to the floor ratings of the site where therack and units will be installed. An unpopulated Hitachi Global 19-inchrack weighs 300 lbs (136 kg). For information about the weight of thebase and expansion units, see Floor Load Ratings on page 5-3.

For additional rack-mount considerations, see Chapter 4, Mounting an Arrayin the Hitachi Global 19-Inch Rack.

Server Considerations

Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems are compatible with a variety ofservers and operating systems. For the latest information, please refer tothe interoperability information at www.hds.com/products/interoperability.Please have all the necessary server items available (such as cables andfibre channel host bus adapters) prepared before you perform theinstallation.

Storage Features

Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems may come with pre-installedstorage features for simplifying tasks such as backup and recovery, LUNmanagement, and monitoring system performance. For the latestinformation about storage features available for the Hitachi AMS 2100/2300storage systems, please refer to the interoperability information atwww.hds.com/products/interoperability.
http://www.hds.com/products/interoperabilityhttp://www.hds.com/products/interoperabilityhttp://www.hds.com/products/interoperabilityhttp://www.hds.com/products/interoperability


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RAID Tutorial 61


6

RAID Tutorial

Businesses require storage systems that exceed therequirements that a single drive can fulfill, while insulating theircompanies from hardware failures as much as possible. These

situations require the traditional one hard drive per systemmodel be replaced by the performance, redundancy, and faulttolerance afforded by RAID.

This chapter provides an overview of RAID. By reading thischapter, you will understand what RAID is and which RAID levelis best suited to your applications.

The key sections in this chapter are:

What is RAID?

Key RAID Benefits

Redundancy Methods

RAID Levels


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What is RAID?

A single drive cannot protect against the costs of a drive failure, the timeneeded to obtain and install a replacement drive, reinstall the operatingsystem, restore files from backup tapes, and repeat all the data entryperformed since the last backup was made.

Redundant Array of Inexpensive drives (RAID) is a way of storing the same

data in different places on multiple hard drive for improved throughput,performance, and fault tolerance. Originally, RAID was nearly exclusive tohigh-end business applications, due to the high cost of the requiredhardware. The ubiquity and reduced costs of storage solutions have allowedRAID to migrate from top-tier enterprises to the mainstream.

The fundamental principle behind RAID is making multiple drives appear asa single large, fast drive to the operating system. To achieve this, RAID usesa technique called drive striping. Data striping distributes blocks of eachfile across multiple drives. This improves aggregate I/O performance byallowing multiple I/Os to be serviced in parallel.

In a RAID configuration, the stripes of all the drives in a storage system areinterleaved and addressed in order. There is a number of ways this can bedone (as described later in this chapter), depending on the needs of theapplication; however, in every case, using multiple drives in a RAIDconfiguration allows the storage system to exceed the capacity, datasecurity, and performance of its individual drives.

Key RAID Benefits

The following sections describe key benefits afforded by RAID.

Data SecurityThrough the use of redundancy, most RAID levels provide protection for thedata stored on the system. This means that the data on the system canwithstand even the complete failure of one hard drive (or sometimes more)without any data loss, and without requiring any data to be restored frombackup. All RAID levels provide some degree of data protection, dependingon the exact implementation, except RAID level 0, as described later in thischapter.

Fault Tolerance

Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a RAID system to withstand the lossof some of its hardware, without losing data or availability. RAIDimplementations that include redundancy provide greater reliability thancan be achieved by a single drive. This means there is a lower chance of thestorage system failing due to drive failures.


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Improved Availability

Availability refers to the ability to access data. RAID systems improveavailability by providing fault tolerance and by providing features that allowfor recovery from hardware faults without disruption.

Increased, Integrated Capacity

By turning a number of small drives into a large drive, RAID adds theircapacity together, though a percentage of total capacity is lost to overheador redundancy in most implementations. This facilitates applications thatrequire large amounts of contiguous disk space, while simplifying disk spacemanagement.

For example, suppose you need 1 TB of disk space for a large database.Instead of buying an expensive 1 TB drive for this single application, youcould use four 250 GB drives, but then you'd have to find a way to split thedatabase among the four drives and have to remember what was where.Alternatively, you can use the four 250 GB drives in a RAID configurationthat will appear to the operating system as a single, 1 TB drive. All RAID

implementations (or levels) provide this combining benefit, though theones that include redundancy make some space unavailable in order toaccommodate the redundant information.

Improved Performance

RAID systems improve performance by allowing the controller to takeadvantage of the capabilities of multiple drives to get around performance-limiting mechanical issues that affect individual drives. Different RAID levelsimprove performance in different ways and to different degrees, but allimprove it in some way.

Redundancy Methods

The method for providing redundancy in a RAID configuration is a keydifferentiator between RAID levels. Redundancy is provided in most RAIDlevels through the use of mirroring or parity (which is implemented withstriping).

Mirroring

Mirroring is one of the two data redundancy techniques used in RAID. In aRAID system using mirroring, all data in the system writes simultaneously

to two drives instead of one (thus, the mirror concept). This 100% dataredundancy provides full protection against the failure of either drive thatcontains the duplicated data. Because mirroring involves two drives,mirroring configurations always require an even number of drives.


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Mirroring also provides reasonably fast recovery from a drive failure. Sinceall the data is on the second drive, it is ready to use if the first drive fails.Mirroring also improves some forms of read performance at the expense ofwrite performance.

Mirroring is used in RAID 1, as well as multiple-level RAID involving RAID1, such as RAID 0+1.

Figure 6-1: Example of Mirroring

Parity

While mirroring has some advantages and is well-suited for certain RAIDimplementations, it also has some limitations. For example:

Mirroring has a high overhead cost, because 50% of the drives in thestorage system are reserved for storing duplicate data.

Mirroring does not improve performance as much as data striping doesfor many applications.

For these reasons, RAID provides an alternative way of protecting datacalled parity. Parity uses parity information redundancy informationcalculated from the actual data values.

The principle behind parity is simple:

1. Take n pieces of data and compute an extra piece of data.

2. Take the n+1 pieces of data and store them on n+1 drives.

If you lose any one of the n+1 pieces of data, they can be recreated fromthe n that remain, regardless of which piece is lost.

Parity protection is used with striping, and the n pieces of data aretypically blocks or bytes distributed across the drives in the storage system.The parity information can be stored on a separate dedicated drive or it canbe mixed with the data across all the drives in the storage system.


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Parity has the following advantages over mirroring:

Parity protects data against any single drive in the storage systemfailing without requiring the 50% waste of mirroring, because onlyone of the n+1 drives contains redundancy information. (Theoverhead of parity is equal to [100/n]% where nis the total number ofdrives in the RAID group.)

Striping with parity lets you take advantage of the performanceadvantages of striping.

Parity has the following disadvantages compared to mirroring:

With parity, millions of parity bytes have to be computed, whichconsumes computing resources.

While you can recover from a lost drive under parity, the missing dataall has to be rebuilt.

RAID levels from RAID 3 to RAID 7 use parity.

RAID Levels

The ability of a storage system to tolerate drive faults depends on the RAIDlevel implemented. There are different RAID levels because there arevarious ways to configure drives and many different needs of RAID users.Distinguishing between different levels may not be obvious at timesbecause some RAID levels may appear to be similar to others in variousways. Moreover, the differences between levels may seem subtle, but thesmall differences can have a significant impact on the characteristics of thestorage system and the applications that make sense for it

The Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems support RAID 0, RAID 0+1,RAID 5, and RAID 6.

RAID 0: Data is distributed across multiple drives, providing performance,but no fault-tolerance. See RAID 0 on page 6-6.

RAID 0+1: Creates two RAID 0 stripes, with a RAID 1 mirror created overthem, for replicating and sharing data among drives. See RAID 0+1 on page6-7.

RAID 5: Stripes data across multiple drives with rotating parity, providinga balance of good read performance and reduced cost (because not as manydrives are required for mirroring). See RAID 5 on page 6-8.

RAID 6: Stripes multiple drives together with at least two parity drives for

high fault and drive-failure tolerance. See RAID 6 on page 6-9.


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RAID 0

RAID 0 stripes data across the drives in a storage system to attain higherthroughput, and requires at least two drives. Since no redundantinformation is stored, performance is very good, but the failure of any drivein the storage system results in complete data loss.

Table 6-1describes the characteristics/advantages and disadvantages of

RAID 0.

Suitable applications

Video production and editing

Image editing (e.g. Photoshop temporary files)

Pre-press applications

Any application that requires high-speed storage, but does not need

redundancy

Bottom Line: More drives in a RAID 0 array can mean higher bandwidth,but offer greater risk of data loss. RAID 0 should never be used for mission-critical environments.

Figure 6-2: Example of RAID 0 Configuration

Table 6-1: RAID 0 Advantages and Disadvantages

Characteristics and Advantages Disadvantages

Implemented as a mirrored array whose

segments are RAID 0 arrays.

Not not fault-tolerant.

Has the same fault tolerance as RAID level5.

The failure of just one drive (whichbecomes increasingly likely the moredrives an array has) results in all data inan array being lost.

Has the same overhead for fault-tolerance

as mirroring alone.

If even one sector on a drive fails, the

corresponding sector on every otherdrives is rendered useless because part ofthe data is now corrupted.

Delivers high I/O rates due to multiplestripe segments.

Does not implement error checking, soany error is unrecoverable.


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RAID 0+1

RAID 0+1 combines RAID levels 0 and 1. It uses several drives to stripedata for increased performance and then copies the striped drives toprovide redundancy. Any drive can fail and no data is lost as long as themirror of that drive is still operational. The mirrored drives eliminate theoverhead and delay of parity.

RAID 0+1 offers high data transfer advantages of striped arrays andincreased data accessibility (reads). System performance during a driverebuild is better than that of parity-based arrays, since data is copied fromthe other mirrored drive and does not need to be regenerated from parityinformation. RAID 0+1 should not be confused with RAID 10.

Table 6-2describes the characteristics/advantages and disadvantages ofRAID 0+1.


Write-intensive applications that require redundancy with fast randomwrites (e.g., imaging applications)

Entry-level systems where only two drives are available (e.g., small fileservers)

Bottom Line: RAID 0+1 is suited for sites that need high performance, butare not concerned with achieving maximum reliability.

Figure 6-3: Example of RAID 0 + 1 Configuration

Table 6-2: RAID 0+1 Advantages and Disadvantages


Implemented as a mirrored array whosesegments are RAID 0 arrays. A single drive failure causes the entirearray to become a RAID 0 array.

Has the same fault tolerance as RAID 5plus multiple-drive failure protection.

High overhead

RAID 0+1 has the same overhead forfault-tolerance as mirroring alone.

All drives must move in parallel, loweringsustained performance.

Delivers high I/O rates due to multiplestripe segments.

Limited scalability


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RAID 5

RAID 5 stripes data at a block level across several drives and distributesparity among the drives. Because parity is distributed on each drive, smallwrites can be faster in multiprocessing systems, while read performancetends to be lower than other RAID types.

With RAID 5, the actual amount of available storage is about 75% to 80%

of the total storage in the array. The storage penalty for redundancy is onlyabout 20% of the total storage in the array. If one drive fails, it is possibleto rebuild the complete data set so that no data is lost. If more than onedrive fails, however, all the stored data will be lost. This give a fairly low costper megabyte, while still retaining redundancy.

Table 6-3describes the characteristics/advantages and disadvantages ofRAID 5.


Applications that use large sequential reads (e.g., database mining)

Large databases and file servers, where reads occur more often thanwrites

Web, e-mail, news, and Intranet servers, where a high degree of faulttolerance is required without the expense (incurred by the additionaldisk space required) of a mirrored volume

Bottom Line: Provides a compromise between performance andavailability at the expense of writes due to parity updates. Best for multi-user systems in which performance is not critical or which perform few writeoperations.



Delivers high read data transaction ratesand medium write data transmissionrates.

Difficult to rebuild in the event of a drivefailure, compared to RAID 1.

Drive failure requires the drive to bereplaced, but does not destroy the array.

Can suffer data loss if a second drive fails.

Low ratio of ECC (parity) drives to datadrives results in high efficiency.

Remains vulnerable until data on thefailed drive is rebuilt onto a replacementdrive.

Good aggregate transfer rate. Individual block data transfer rate sameas single drive.


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RAID 6

RAID Level 6 requires a minimum of four drives. Two independent drives areused as parity drives, with data written to the remaining drives in the array.The parity data enables data to be restored even if two drives fail at thesame time.

Table 6-4describes the characteristics/advantages and disadvantages ofRAID 6.


Same as RAID 5, but in situations where additional fault tolerance isrequired (e.g., application, database, and file servers)

Applications that store large amounts of data and where rebuilds canoccur in the background (e.g., Web, e-mail, news, and Intranetservers)



An extension of RAID 5, which allows foradditional fault tolerance by using a

second independent distributed parityscheme (dual parity)

Controller overhead to compute parityaddresses can be high.

Provides for an extremely high data fault

tolerance and can sustain multiplesimultaneous drive failures.

Dual-parity scheme requires n+2 drives to

implement.

Data is striped on a block level across a setof drives (like RAID 5), and a second set

of parity is calculated and written acrossall the drives.

Protects against multiple bad blockfailures while non-degraded.

Protects against a single bad block failurewhile operating in a degraded mode.


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Bottom Line: RAID 6 delivers excellent fault-tolerance with the lowestoverhead, making it ideal for mission-critical applications.



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Specifications A1


A

Specifications

This appendix describes the physical, environmental, and electricalrequirements for Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage systems. The key sectionsin this appendix are:

Dimensions and Weight

Environmental Specifications

Electrical Requirements

Regulatory Compliance

Safety Certification


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A2 Specifications


Dimensions and Weight

The floor space at the installation site must be strong enough to support thecombined weight of the base and expansion units, rack, and associatedequipment. The total weight of base and expansion units depends on thenumber of drives installed.

Table A-1describes the physical dimensions and weight for Hitachi AMS

2100/2300 base and expansion units.

Environmental Specifications

Table A-2describes the environmental specifications for Hitachi AMS 2100/2300 storage system.

Table A-1: Unit Dimensions and Weight

Height Width DepthWeight

(Fully Populated)

Hitachi AMS 2100 Base Unit

0.57 feet(174 mm)

1.58 feet(483 mm)

2.2 feet(649 mm)

112.2 pounds(51 kg)

Hitachi AMS 2300 Base Unit

0.42 feet

(129 mm)

1.58 feet

(483 mm)

2.2 feet

(649 mm)

112.2 pounds

(51 kg)

Hitachi AMS Expansion Unit

1.77 feet(540 mm)

0.31 feet(96 mm)

2.39 feet(730 mm)

88.1 pounds(40 kg)

Table A-2: Environmental Specifications

SpecificationRange (Operating

Environment)Range (Non-operating

Environment)

Temperature 50 to 104(10 to 40C)

50 to 122(10 to 50C)

Relative humidity 8% to 80%, non-condensing 8% to 90%, non-condensing

Altitude 984.25 to 9,842.5 feet(-300 to 3,000 mm)

984.25 to 39,370 feet(-300 to 12,000 mm)

Vibration 2.5 ms 5.0 ms

Acoustic noise 60 dB 65 dB

Radio frequency Complies with FCC Class A Complies with FCC Class A


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Specifications A3


Electrical Requirements

Table A-3describes the electrical requirements for Hitachi AMS 2100/2300storage system.

Regulatory Compliance

Table A-4provides the compliance information for Hitachi AMS 2100/2300storage system.

Table A-3: Electrical Requirements

Specification Specification

AC power 100/200 VAC (100 to 120/200 to 240)

NOTE: Electrical requirements for the Hitachi Global 19-inch rack can befound in Table 4-2 on page 4-7.

Table A-4: Regulatory Compliance

Country Specification

United States FCC Part15 Subpart B Class A

Canada ICES-003 Class A

Japan VCCI Class A

Japan JIS C61000-3-2

Australia AS/NZS 3548:1995,A1,A2

European Union EN 50022:1998/A1:2000/A2:2003EN 61000-3-2:2000/A1:2001/A2:2005EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001

EN 55024:1998/A1:2001/A2:2003EN 61000-4-2:1995/A1:1998/A2:2001EN 61000-4-3:2002/A2:2002EN 61000-4-4:1995/A1:2001/A2:2003EN 61000-4-5:1995A1:2001EN 61000-4-6:1996/A1:2001EN 61000-4-8:1993/A1:2001EN 61000-4-11:1994/A1:2001

Taiwan CNS 13438 Class A

Korea KN22KN6100-4


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A4 Specifications


Safety Certification

Table A-5provides the safety certification for Hitachi AMS 2100/2300storage system.

Table A-5: Regulatory Compliance

Country Specification

United States and European Union UL 60950-1

Canada CAN/CSA-C22.2

European Union EN 60950-1

Russia GOST R60950-2002

GOST R51318.22-99GOST R51318.24-99GOST R51317.3.2-99GOST R51317.3.3-99

Argentina IEC 60950-1


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Installation Planning Checklist B1


B

Installation Planning Checklist

Complete the checklist below (online or hardcopy) to

Documents

AMS 2000 Site Preparation Guide