VertebrataVertebrata

Class AmphibiaClass Amphibia

Amphibian CharacteristicsAmphibian Characteristics

Ectothermic tetrapods Respiration by lungs, gills, or skin Skin moist containing mucous

glands, and lacking scales Development includes larval stage

prior to metamorphosis

Includes the frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians

Frog Skeleton and MusclesFrog Skeleton and Muscles

Lab 1Lab 1

Amphibian SkeletonAmphibian Skeleton

Axial skeletonAxial skeleton SkullSkull Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column

Appendicular SkeletonAppendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle and ForelimbsPectoral Girdle and Forelimbs Pelvic Girdle and HindlimbsPelvic Girdle and Hindlimbs

Skull Bones and Structures to Skull Bones and Structures to KnowKnow

PterygoidPterygoid DentaryDentary SquamosalSquamosal FrontoparietalFrontoparietal NasalNasal MaxillaMaxilla VomerVomer

Occipital condyleOccipital condyle Orbital fossaOrbital fossa Nasal fossaNasal fossa

Bones: Structures:

SkullSkull

Vertebrae StructuresVertebrae Structures

Transverse ProcessTransverse Process Neural SpineNeural Spine Articular ProcessArticular Process BodyBody Vertebral ForamenVertebral Foramen

VertebraeVertebrae

Appendicular SkeletonAppendicular Skeleton

Pectoral Girdle BonesPectoral Girdle Bones

SuprascapulaSuprascapula ScapulaScapula ClavicleClavicle CoracoidCoracoid

Pelvic Girdle BonesPelvic Girdle Bones

IlliumIllium IschiumIschium PubisPubis

Forelimb BonesForelimb Bones

HumerusHumerus RadioulnaRadioulna CarpalsCarpals MetacarpalsMetacarpals PhalangesPhalanges PrepoluxPrepolux

Hindlimb BonesHindlimb Bones

FemurFemur TibiofibulaTibiofibula TarsalsTarsals MetatarsalsMetatarsals PhalangesPhalanges PrehalluxPrehallux

Sternum BonesSternum Bones

EpisternumEpisternum OmosternumOmosternum EpicoracoidEpicoracoid MesosternumMesosternum XiphisternumXiphisternum

Skeletal Muscular SystemSkeletal Muscular System

Trunk MusclesTrunk Muscles Thigh MusclesThigh Muscles Shank MusclesShank Muscles

Ventral Ventral Muscles of Muscles of

FrogFrog

Dorsal Dorsal Muscles Muscles of the of the FrogFrog

Ventral Trunk MusclesVentral Trunk Muscles

PectoralisPectoralis Rectus abdominusRectus abdominus External obliqueExternal oblique Transversus (= internal oblique)Transversus (= internal oblique)

Longissimus dorsiLongissimus dorsi CoccygeoiliacusCoccygeoiliacus

Dorsal Trunk MusclesDorsal Trunk Muscles

Muscles of Head, Shoulder, Muscles of Head, Shoulder, Upper ArmUpper Arm

Depressor mandibularisDepressor mandibularis Dorsalis scapulaeDorsalis scapulae Latissimus dorsiLatissimus dorsi Triceps brachiiTriceps brachii DeltoidDeltoid SternoradialisSternoradialis

Ventral Muscles of ThighVentral Muscles of Thigh

SartoriusSartorius Adductor magnusAdductor magnus Gracilis majorGracilis major Graciilis minorGraciilis minor Adductor longusAdductor longus

Dorsal Muslces of ThighDorsal Muslces of Thigh

Triceps femorisTriceps femoris SemimembranosusSemimembranosus GluteusGluteus PiriformisPiriformis

Muscles of ShankMuscles of Shank

GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius PeroneusPeroneus Tibialis anticus longusTibialis anticus longus Extensor crurisExtensor cruris Tibialis anticus brevisTibialis anticus brevis Tibialis posticusTibialis posticus

Anatomy of the FrogAnatomy of the Frog

Lab 2Lab 2

Mouth PartsMouth Parts

Internal AnatomyInternal Anatomy

Urogenital System of FrogUrogenital System of Frog

Circulatory System of FrogCirculatory System of Frog

VeinsVeins

External jugularExternal jugular InnominateInnominate SubclavianSubclavian Anterior vena cavaAnterior vena cava Sinus venosusSinus venosus Posterior vena cavaPosterior vena cava Hepatic veinHepatic vein Hepatic portal Hepatic portal

Gastric veinGastric vein Intestinal veinsIntestinal veins Splenic veinSplenic vein Ventral abdominal Ventral abdominal

veinvein Urinogenital veinUrinogenital vein Renal portal veinRenal portal vein Femoral veinFemoral vein Pelvic veinPelvic vein

ArteriesArteries

Conus arteriosusConus arteriosus Truncus arteriosusTruncus arteriosus Carotid archCarotid arch Systemic archSystemic arch Pulmocutaneous Pulmocutaneous

archarch Dorsal aortaDorsal aorta Celiacomesenteric Celiacomesenteric

arteryartery

Celiac arteryCeliac artery Anterior mesenteric Anterior mesenteric

arteryartery Hepatic arteryHepatic artery Splenic arterySplenic artery Intestinal arteryIntestinal artery Uninogenital arteriesUninogenital arteries Common iliac Common iliac

arteriesarteries

Heart of the FrogHeart of the Frog

Parts of the Frog HeartParts of the Frog Heart

Right atriumRight atrium Left atriumLeft atrium ventricleventricle

Mammalian HeartMammalian Heart(sheep heart)(sheep heart)

Parts of the Sheep HeartParts of the Sheep Heart

Right atriumRight atrium Left atriumLeft atrium Right ventricleRight ventricle Left ventricleLeft ventricle Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve Semilunar valveSemilunar valve Bicuspid valveBicuspid valve

AortaAorta PrecavaPrecava Pulmonary arteryPulmonary artery Pulmonary veinPulmonary vein

Nervous System of the FrogNervous System of the Frog

Brain of the FrogBrain of the Frog

Parts of the Frog BrainParts of the Frog Brain

Olfactory nerveOlfactory nerve Olfactory lobeOlfactory lobe CerebrumCerebrum

Optic nerveOptic nerve Optic lobeOptic lobe CerebellumCerebellum Medula oblongataMedula oblongata Spinal cordSpinal cord