Amnesia

HM - 1953 (27 y/o)

Bilateral medial temporal lobe damage

Assessment of Memory

Digit span + 1 - HM poor (8 - tops)

Block tapping - HM poor ( 5 taps)

Mirror Drawing - motor learning HM fine

Rotary Pursuit - motor learning

Incomplete pictures

Operant conditioning

Why two types?

Flexibility

Memento

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Amnesia & Dementia

Korsakoff’s Syndrome- chronic alcoholism - thiamine (B1)- medial diencephalon damage

Alzheimer’s Disease- diffuse damage- Ach in medial forebrain?

ConcussionPosttraumatic memory loss- retrograde & anterograde - temporary- electroconvulsive shock therapy - similar- interfere with consolidation

Hebb Rule: if a synapse is repeatedly active at the same time that the post synaptic neuron fires, the synapse will be strengethened.

Hebb Synapse: a synapse that increases in effectiveness because of simultaneous activity in the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

NMDA receptor - Glutamate

Inferior temporal (perirhinal) lesions disrupt this

Hippocampus lesions disrupt this

Delayed Non-matching-to-sample- frontal lobe lesions disrupt

Frontal lobe important for remembering the task demands

object space

The general arrangement of the pool.

In a place-learning task, a rat is put into the pool at various starting locations. The animal must learn the location of a hidden platform, which can be done only by considering the configuration of visual cues in the room-windows, wall decoration, potted plants, and the like.

In a matching-to-place task, the rat is again put in the pool at random locations, but in this case the hidden platforms is in a new location each test day. The animal must learn that the location where it finds the platform on the first trial of each day is the location of the platform for all that day’s trials.

In a landmark-learning task, the rat is required to ignore the room cues and to learn that the cue on the wall of the pool signals the location of the platform.