American Slavery in 19th CenturyUNIT 2

1. What is the subject of this image?

2. What title would you give this drawing?

3. Compare this image with what you know of the time period.

Warm Up

Two AmericasNORTHERN STATES

◦Industry (manufactured goods) & staple crops (food) production

◦By 1820’s most of the northern states had abolished slavery

◦MA, CT, NH,VT, RI, Maine, Michigan, PA, OH, IN, IL, NJ,NY

SOUTHERN STATES◦ Cash crop (non-food) production◦ Cotton gin [engine], Eli Whitney

◦ Makes ‘cleaning’ cotton fiber 50 times faster than by hand

◦ Short staple cotton become highly profitable

◦ if slave labor is used◦ MD, VA, NC, KY, SC, GA, FL, AL,

MS, Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana

American Economy 1790 - 1860INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

By early 1800s, Northern factories can mass produce cotton goods◦ Spinning jenny, mechanical looms (flying shuttle)◦ Cotton cloth is more utilitarian than wool◦ Demand for cotton rises

Cotton can be grown across the south◦ Planters move west –new states added

By 1860, 75% of the world’s cotton grown in the American South

Analyze

What is the relationship between cotton production and slave labor?

Cotton = Slavery

The New Slave Trade Slavery is key to the South’s economic success AND North’s textile industry Even after 1808 Constitutional ban on importation of slaves

◦Some smuggling of slave cargoes continued Rise of domestic slave trade

◦Sale & transportation of slaves -upper Southeast where cotton wasn’t produced to lower South and Western cotton plantations◦VA/KY/MD slave owners sell slaves instead of cash crops

◦Kidnapping of free blacks in the North & South increased◦New slave markets emerge in Baltimore and Washington, DC

Social Hierarchy of the Deep South

o¼ of southern whites owned slavesoMost owners had 5 slaves of lessoWealthy planters owned 20% of slavesoControlled state & national politicsoSuppressed abolitionist laws & speecho“Gag Rule” 1836 – 1844, prevented Congress from discussing abolition laws

Slave Life in the Deep SouthSmall farms: slaves did multiple jobsPlantations:Field hands -12 hrs +/6 days workMen, women, children over 10House servants –less demanding manual labor, but

had to be available 24/7Religion –key factor in slave cultureSlave preachers keep hope aliveSpirituals –express religious faith/work

songs/communicationMarriage encouragedPrevent rebellion & escapeChildren meant $ to owners

Close Based on today’s lesson, what do you think South Carolina Senator James Henry Hammond meant by this statement?

“Cotton is king!”