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Alternative Propulsion Technologies: What’s on the Horizon?
Christie-Joy Brodrick, Ph.DInstitute of Transportation Studies
University of California-Davis
The Transportation/Land Use/Environment ConnectionOctober 25, 2004
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Presentation Outline
– Diesel engines
– Driving forces
– Multiple solutions for a diverse industry
– Alternative fuels and technologies
– Advanced diesel technologies
– Gasoline technologies
– Non-propulsion advances
Photo: American Trucking Associations
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Freight Movement Today = Diesel, Diesel, and More Diesel
– 94% of goods are shipped using diesel power
– 89% of commercial trucks are diesel powered
– Long-haul trucks are exclusively diesel powered
– Railroad’s 20,000 locomotives are nearly all diesel powered
– Ocean-going containerships are diesel powered
– Gasoline is used by smaller, local trucks
– There are a handful of alternative fuels/ technologies: CNG, LNG, biodiesel, hybrids
Photo: Caterpillar
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Forces for Change
Emissions regulations* • new engine standards• fuel standards• idling bans• CA TRU rules• SCAQMD diesel rules
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$0.95
$1.05
$1.15
$1.25
$1.35
$1.45
$1.55
$1.65
Trucking Failures National Avg. Price of Diesel Fuel
Fuel price increases
American Trucking Associations
Cummins
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All Trucks Are Not Created Equal
• 115 different certified engine families (with as many as 7 models per family)• >135 different transmissions now in use • Eight weight classes• Diverse payloads, driving cycles, & VMT
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Hybrid PUDs
Photos: UPS & Eaton
HCCI?
UPS hydraulic hybrid
FedEx Express hybrid
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Diesel Engine Technologies‘04– Cooled EGR and in-cylinder– ACERT
‘07– Cooled high EGR with DPF – ACERT with DPF– Low sulfur fuel regs
‘10– ACERT with catalyzed DPF?– SCR + catalyzed DPF– LNT + catalyzed DPF
Photo: American Trucking Associations
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‘07 Technology Comparison
Prof. Michael Schittler, DaimlerChrysler, DEER 2003
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Impacts
– Costs and more costs– Maintenance– OBD – Driver reactions– Mechanic reactions– Industry pre-buy– Move away from diesel?
Photo: Thomson Education Direct
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Non-propulsion Changes
– Idling alternatives (costs, alt fuels, fuel cells,routing changes)
– TRU alternatives (costs, alt fuels?)
– Telematics(profitability, efficiency,fuel economy, routing changes)
– 42 Volt systems(efficiency, fuel economy)
