Alternative Ingredients in Halal Cosmetics and Medicine

Assoc. Prof. Hajah Mariam Abdul LatifHead, Food Safety and Quality Unit

School of Food Science and NutritionUniversiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

The Third Gulf Conference on Halal Industry and its Services13-15 May, 2014

Sheraton Hotel, State of Kuwait

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فندق الشيراتون، دولة الكويت

Content

• Introduction• Malaysian Standards on Halal

Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals• Alternative Ingredients:

• Animal Sources• Plant Sources• Chemical sources

• Moving Forward• Conclusion

Introduction • The halal cosmetics and medicine industry is expanding

and so the problems of integrity in the halal supply chain

• Ensuring integrity in the entire halal value chain is very important for consumer confidence…needStandards

• Ingredients have a critical bearing on whether a cosmetic or medicinal product is halal or not.

• Today’s Muslim consumers are/have:

• Knowledgeable and discerning

• Information on cosmetics, healthcare and halal matters are accessible on the internet

• Rising disposable income and are able purchasers

• Health conscious

• Beauty conscious

The Muslim consumers want ...

Cosmetics and medicinal products which are:

� halal, and

� sanitary and safe in application.

“Chemicals used in cosmetics and medicine that is hazardous to health then it is haram based on verse 195, Surah Al-Baqarah (2:195): “Do not throw yourself into destruction”.

Haram Sources/Ingredients• He has only forbidden to you dead animals, blood, the

flesh of swine,and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah. But whoever is forced [by necessity], neither desiring [it] nor transgressing [its limit], there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

(Al-Quran 2:173)

• They ask you about strong drink and gambling. Say: "In them is great sin, and some profit, for men; but the sin is greater than the profit..."

(Al Quran 2:219)

• The main sources of halal cosmetics and medicine for human are:�Animal sources – land and water/aquatic�Plants�Natural substances�Chemical substances……of which some are halal and some are not.

� Critical Ingredients and additives include:

� Pig and its by-products (eg: lard, collagen, gelatine)

� Oleochemicals

� Biotechnology and GMO (genetically modified organism)

Potential Critical Ingredients

Common Haram/non-halal Ingredients Critical Ingredients Function Sources

Gelatine Capsules, emulsifier, filler 1. Skin, bones, joints (bovine, porcine). Collagen derivatives. 2.Vegetables

GlycerineGlycerol

Diluent, antibacterial, sweetener, preservatives (found in syrup, toothpaste, soaps, shampoo

1. Lard 2.Vegetables 3.Byproducts of biodiesel productions

Alcohol (ethanol - drinks) (methanol-reagent)

Solvent, Antiseptic

1. Fermentations 2.Chemicals

Stearatese.g Magnesium, Stearic acid, calcium

Lubricants Binder

1.Animal Fats, Lard or fatty acids from pig’s stomach) 2.Vegetable (palm oil. Coconut, soybean, castor oil, sunflower)

Enzymes e.g. Trypsin ACTH

Media for microbial growth (TSB) Hormones, corticotrophin

1.Pig’s Pancreas

2.Pig’s Pituitary Gland

Heparin Anti-Clotting Agent Also used in ‘coating’ in medical devices e.g. catheter, heart transplant devices

1.Pig’s intestine 2.Bovine

MS 2200: 2008 Halal Cosmetic Standard

Cosmetics permitted under the Shariah law and fulfill the following conditions:

a) No human parts or ingredients derived from there of;b) do not comprise of or contain any parts or substances derived from

animals forbidden to Muslims by Shariah law, to use or to consume or from halal animal which are not slaughtered according to Shariah law;

c) do not contain any materials or genetically modified organisms (GMO) which are decreed as najs according to Shariah law;

d) is not prepared, processed, manufactured or stored using any equipment that is contaminated with things that are najs according

to Shariah law;e) during its preparation, processing or manufacturing the product is

not in contact and shall be segregated from any materials that do not meet the requirements stated in items a), b) or c); &

f) do not harm the consumer or the user.

Definition: Halal Cosmetics

things that are themselves not permissible such as dog andpig (khinzir) and all its derivatives, blood and carrion;

things that are contaminated with things that arenajs;

things that come into direct contact with things that arenajs;

any liquid and objects discharged from the orifices ofhuman beings or animals such as urine, placenta,excrement, blood, vomit, pus, sperm and ova of pigs anddogs (milk, sperm and ova of human and other animals arenot najs); and

carrion orhalal animals that are not slaughtered accordingto Shariah law.

Definition: Najs

Land and aquatic animals

Sources derived from halal land animals andslaughtered according to Shariah law are halal.Sources derived from land animals’ fur, hair andrelated material which were harvested whilst theanimals are still alive are halal.

Sources derived from eggs that are from theanimals which are not najs, are halal.

All aquatic animals that are halal for consumptioncan be the sources for cosmetic and personal care.

Sources of halal cosmetic

Plants and microorganism

Sources derived from plants and microorganisms on land, airand water,are all halal for use except those that are hazardous and/or mixed withnajs.

Soil and water

All sources from the soil and water and its by products (includingminerals) are halal for use except those that are hazardous and/or mixedwith materials that are decreed as najs.

Alcohol

Materials for cosmetic and personal care that contain alcohol excludingalcoholic drinks (khamr) are permissible

Synthetic

Materials for cosmetic and personal care produced synthetically arehalal except those that are hazardous and/or mixed with materials thatare decreed as najs.

Continue….

What is the sources for these gelatin capsules?

What is the source for these vaccines, insulin?

Why Halal Medicine?

“Patients have a right to demand the highest standard of care from healthcare professionals”

Dept. of Health: The Patient’s Charter. London: DOH 1999

Why Halal Medicine?

Religious views on Halal Medicine

Medicines which are made from haram materials or najs are haram according to the consensus of the Muslim jurists, because the Prophet SAW said:

“Allah does not put your cure in that which He has forbidden for you.” (Reported by Al-Bukhari).

Abu Hurairah narrates that the Prophet SAW said:

“There is no disease that Allah has created except that He also created its remedy”. (Bukhari 7.582)

1. Scope

2. Normative references

3. Terms and definitions

4. Requirements

5. Compliance

6. Halal Certificates

7. Halal Certification Mark

MS 2424:2012 – Halal Pharmaceuticals - General Guidelines

3.1 Pharmaceuticals

- Pharmaceutical products in finished dosage forms, includes both prescription and non-prescription medicinal products for human use (ie. biopharmaceuticals, radiopharmaceuticals, traditional medicines and investigational medicinal products) which is registered with the Drug Control Authority, Ministry of Health Malaysia

Terms and definitions

Pharmaceutical products that contain ingredients permitted under the Shariah law and fulfill the following conditions:

a) do not contain any parts or products of animals that are non-halal by Shariah law or any parts or products of animals which are not slaughtered according to Shariah law;

b) do not contain najs according to Shariah law;c) safe for consumption, non-poisonous, non-intoxicating or non-

hazardous to health according to prescribed dosage;d) not prepared, processed or manufactured using equipment

contaminated with najs according to Shariah law;e) do not contain any human parts or derivatives that are not

permitted by Shariah law; andf) during its preparation, processing or manufacturing the

product is not in contact and shall be segregated from any materials that do not meet the requirements stated in items a), b) or c); and

Definition: Halal pharmaceuticals

Bee pollen

Evening primrose Garlic

BilberrySpirulina pills

Kacip Fatimah

23

Alternative Animal Ingredients

• Gelatine is an animal ingredient, never from plants

• Collection Centre for Halal bone, hides and tendons• Halal Certified Bovine Gelatine from slaughtered cows

• Production Centre for fish skins • Halal Gelatine from Fish Skins

• Gelatine substitutes from plant gums:�Agar-Agar and carrageenan from Sea Weed

�Plant Gums, Guar, Tara, Acacia, Arabic

�Pectin

�CMC Carboxymethyl Cellulose

�Xanthan gum from Microorganisms

All plant types and their products are deemed halal exceptfor those which are poisonous, intoxicating, pose a danger to human health and biotechnology produced plants using DNA derived from forbidden substances.

Alternative Plant Sources

SeaweedAloe vera HerbsOlives

Seaweeds• Worldwide 145 species of red, brown or green seaweed are

used as food

• About 50% of world production is cultivated.

• 42 countries are involved in the commercial seaweed activity

• Excellent sources of components with biological activities -antioxidants, soluble dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, vitamins

• Shown to have therapeutic properties (prevention such as anticancer, anti-obesity, Antihypertensive, Antioxidant, anticoagulant, Antibacterial ) for health and diseases (Suhaila et al. 2012)

Herbs• The World Health Organization(WHO) estimates that over

80% of the world’s population uses some form of herbal medicine

• Medicinal herbs – use as health benefits

• Herbs are perceived to be safe and healthy, with relatively few side effects in contrast to synthetic drugs.

• The global herbal supplement and remedies market is expected to reach $93 billion by 2015 (San Jose,2011)

• Centella asiatica (pennywort) - traditional herbal medicine in Malaysia, Indian Ayurvedic medicine, China and other part of Asia for hundreds of years. Its benefit as a natural antioxidant extracts which helps in wound healing, anxiety, eczema, ulcers, colds, hepatitis and fatigue

Palm OilIngredients Potential use

Functional• Lycopene• Beta Carotene• Tocotrienols

Cosmetics, Nutraceuticals

Enzymes• Lipase• Coenzymes Q10

Cosmetics

Chemicals• Glycerin• Mono and Di glycerides• Sodium Laureth Sulphate

Soaps, lotions and creamsEmulsifiersBath showers and shampoos (RTS Resources)

All natural substances such as water, minerals and others are permissible exceptpolluted by sewage, are toxic, intoxicating and dangerous to health.

Malaysian Fatwa on 14 -16.7.2011:Medicinesandperfumesthat contain alcohol as a solvent is not najs, and if the alcohol is not taken through theprocess of wine making.

Natural Substances

More R&D and technology commercialization on ingredients mentioned in the Quran and the Hadith

• Olive oils

• Honey

• Ajwa Dates

• Fig

• Habbatus Saudah

• Manna

• Melons

Moving Forward

Summary• Halal Cosmetic and medicine arenot only

complying to Shariah requirement but are also safe and with good quality.

• Halal Certification is important to verify the halal status of a product based on the standard

• Integrity of Halal products from farm to fork is important and made possible by certification

• Product traceability is crucial to ensure all ingredients used are of Halal origin.• Developing the Halal Industry through standards

and certification together is the way forward!

• Vice Chancellor of Universiti Malaysia Sabah: Prof. Datuk Dr. Mohd. Harun Abdullah

• Dean, School of Food Science and Nutrition

Assoc.Prof. Dr. Sharifudin Md. Shaarani

• Established Food Safety and Quality Unit (FSQunit)

• Offers Halal Training and Consultancy

• FSQunit Head: Assoc.Prof. Mariam Abdul Latif

• Contact: Unit Head –mariam@ums.edu.my

Liaison –hazwan@ums.edu.my

+6088-320000 ext: 8688

+6088-320259

FSQ UNIT, UMS - Halal Training Modules

UNDERSTANDING HALAL FOOD

(HF)

HF01 -

Basics of Halal Food

(1 day)

HF02 -

Intermediates of HalalFood

(1 day)

HF03 -

Advanced Level of HalalFood

(1 day)

HALAL FOOD INDUSTRY

DEVELOPMENT(FI)

FI01 -

Basics of Halal Food Industry Development

(1 day)

FI02 -

Intermediates of HalalFood Industry Development

(1 day)

FI03 -

Advanced Level of HalalFood Industry Development

(1 day)

HALAL TRAINING PACKAGE

(HTP)

HF01 + HF02 + MeSTIHalal and Thoyyib Food

(2 days)

FI01 + FI02 + GMP

Halal Executive

(2 days)

FI03 + HACCP

Professional HalalAuditor

(3 days)

Thank You for Your Attention

MARIAM ABDUL LATIFmariam.alatif@gmail.comMariam Abdul Latif obtained her Diploma in Agriculture from University PertanianMalaysia in 1977 and in 1990, graduated in Nutrition (Hon) from King’s College,University of London. She did her Post Graduate Diploma in Community Nutrition atUniversity Indonesia, Jakarta in 1992 and completed her Masters study in Food ServiceManagement at University Putra Malaysia, specializing in Halal food management in 2004.She began her career in 1979 as a lecturer in agriculture and food processing atthe Instituteof Agriculture Air Hitam, Johore and later at the Institute of Agriculture Serdang, Selangor(1990-1993). She joined the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) in 1994 as a FoodTechnologist in Negeri Sembilan heading the state food safety programmes. In 1996, shewas transferred to the Food Quality Control Division of MOH and established the office ofCodex Contact Point Malaysia under MOH, taking over from SIRIM, after the latter wascorporatized in 1995. Being the country Liaison Officer (Codex Contact Point Malaysia),she had participated in many Codex meetings, defending many issues related to foodstandards, including the adoption of the General Guidelines for Use of the Term “Halal” in1997. She was appointed as a Consultant to Codex Secretariat at the Food and AgricultureOrganization (FAO) of the United Nations in Rome, Italy in 2001 and 2005. She headed theHalal certification programme under the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia(JAKIM) from 2004 to 2006, and was the Vice President (Halal Integrity) of the HalalIndustry Development Corporation (HDC) Malaysia from 2007 until July 2010. She wasback with MOH as the Selangor State Deputy Director of Health (Food Safety)and wasretired in 2011. She is currently lecturing Halal food and human nutrition atUniversitiMalaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu.