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ALTERNATIVE AUTOMOTIVE ALTERNATIVE AUTOMOTIVE AEROSOL PRODUCTSAEROSOL PRODUCTS
Katy Wolf Ph.D.
Institute for Research and
Technical Assistance
HISTORY OF ISSUEHISTORY OF ISSUE
• IRTA WORKED ON EPA PROJECT TO DEVELOP WATER-
BASED CLEANERS FOR PARTS CLEANING IN AUTO
REPAIR FACILITIES
• SCAQMD PASSED REGULATION REQUIRING REPAIR AND
MAINTENANCE CLEANERS TO HAVE VOC CONTENT OF 50
GRAMS PER LITER OR LESS
– 40,000 PARTS CLEANERS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
– OTHER AREAS PASSING SIMILAR REGULATION
– SCAQMD LATER LOWERED VOC CONTENT LIMIT TO 25
GRAMS PER LITER
HISTORY CONT’DHISTORY CONT’D
• ISSUE AROSE DURING PARTS CLEANING PROJECT
– IRTA WORKED WITH POTWS TO ANALYZE SPENT WATER-
BASED CLEANING BATHS
– FOUND PERC AND OTHER NON-CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN
SOME BATHS
– ORIGIN OF PERC WAS AEROSOL BRAKE CLEANERS
– IRTA AND PPC DECIDED IT WAS IMPORTANT TO FOCUS ON
DEVELOPING BRAKE CLEANING ALTERNATIVES
• PERC EXEMPTED FROM VOC REGULATIONS BY EPA
• CARB BEGAN RULEMAKING TO EXEMPT PERC
– EXEMPTION FOR PERC WOULD LEAD TO AN INCREASE IN
USE OF PERC IN AEROSOL AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS
– POTWS REQUESTED THAT CARB COLLECT DATA ON
INCREASED PERC USE
– IRTA ASKED CARB TO EXAMINE TOXIC RISK TO DETERMINE
IF ATCM WAS JUSTIFIED
HISTORY CONT’DHISTORY CONT’D
HISTORY CONT’DHISTORY CONT’D
• IRTA STARTED EPA PROJECT TO DEVELOP WATER-
BASED BRAKE CLEANERS
• CARB DECIDED TO GO FORWARD WITH ATCM
– BANNED ALL CHLORINATED (PERC, TCE, METH)
AUTOMOTIVE AEROSOL PRODUCTS
– BAN IS IN EFFECT NOW
• IRTA COMPLETED PROJECT ON WATER-BASED BRAKE
CLEANERS
– FOUND COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVES THAT COULD BE
USED IN BRAKE CLEANING EQUIPMENT
HISTORY CONT’DHISTORY CONT’D
• DURING DEVELOPMENT OF ATCM, IRTA LEARNED THAT
CARB CANNOT BAN A WHOLE PRODUCT TYPE
• IRTA DEMONSTRATED THAT ALTERNATIVE WATER-BASED
BRAKE CLEANERS WERE ON MARKET
– DID NOT MATTER
– CARB NEED WATER BASED AEROSOL PRODUCTS ON
MARKET TO GO FORWARD WITH REGULATION ON VOC
AEROSOL BRAKE CLEANERS
• AEROSOL PACKAGERS BEGAN SUBSTITUTING VOC
SOLVENTS FOR PERC WHEN CARB BAN ON
CHLORINATED SOLVENTS WAS ENACTED
HISTORY CONT’DHISTORY CONT’D• HESIS CONCERNED ABOUT INCREASE IN USE OF HEXANE
• IRTA CONCERNED ABOUT INCREASE IN USE OF OTHER
VOC SOLVENTS
• IRTA PARTNERED WITH HESIS ON EPA PROJECT TO
DEVELOP WATER-BASED AEROSOL AUTOMOTIVE
PRODUCTS
• IRTA HAD SUBMITTED IDEA FOR PROJECT TO CARB
RESEARCH DIVISION
– CARB ISSUED RFP
– IRTA RESPONDED AND WON PROJECT
• IRTA CONDUCTING TWO PROJECTS TO DEVELOP WATER-
BASED AEROSOL AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS
IRTA / HESIS AND IRTA / CARB IRTA / HESIS AND IRTA / CARB PROJECTSPROJECTS
• FOCUS ON FOUR CATEGORIES OF CLEANING
– BRAKE CLEANING
– ENGINE DEGREASING
– GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASING
– CARBURETOR AND FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM CLEANING
• HAVE TO FIND ALTERNATIVES FOR ALL FOUR
CATEGORIES
• IF CARB REGULATES, AEROSOL SOLVENT PEOPLE
CANNOT SIMPLY RE-LABEL PRODUCTS
PRELIMINARY SCREENING TESTSPRELIMINARY SCREENING TESTS
• WENT TO WATER CLEANING COMPANIES WHO MADE
CLEANERS FOR AUTO REPAIR AND INDUSTRIAL
CLEANING APPLICATIONS
• COLLECTED DIRTY AUTO PARTS FROM AUTO REPAIR
FACILITIES
• USED CLEANERS IN SPRAY BOTTLES
• AEROSOL SOLVENT PACKERS PACKED CLEANERS IN
AEROSOL CANS
• USED CLEANERS IN AEROSOL CANS
SCREENING TESTS CON’TSCREENING TESTS CON’T• TWO BIG ISSUES
• NEARLY ALL CLEANERS FOAMED
– APPROPRIATE FOR ENGINE DEGREASING
– NOT APPROPRIATE FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS
• CLEANERS THAT DIDN’T FOAM HAD VERY LOW DELIVERY
RATE
• ASKED WATER CLEANING COMPANIES TO REFORMULATE
CLEANERS FOR FIELD TESTING
• TEST FOAMING CLEANERS IN ENGINE DEGREASING AND
NON-FOAMING CLEANERS IN BRAKE CLEANING AND
GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASING
PROJECT PARTICIPANTSPROJECT PARTICIPANTS
• FIFTEEN AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES
– DEALERSHIPS
– BRAKE REPAIR SHOPS
– SERVICE STATIONS
– GENERAL AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR
– CITY YARD
– CAR WASHES
– DETAILER
ENGINE DEGREASINGENGINE DEGREASING• VIRTUALLY NO AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES USE AEROSOL
PRODUCTS– ONLY CONSUMERS
• MOST AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES DON’T DO ENGINE DEGREASING– SOME DEALERSHIPS
– CAR WASHES
– DETAILERS AND MOBILE DETAILERS
• VIRTUALLY ALL USE HIGH PRESSURE WATER AND BULK WATER CLEANERS
• INCLUDING CAR WASH, DETAILER AND ANN HEIL’S HUSBAND IN PROJECT– WILL TEST FOAMING CLEANERS
CARBURETOR AND FUEL INJECTION CARBURETOR AND FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM CLEANINGSYSTEM CLEANING
• AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES USE PACKAGED SYSTEM– FUEL ADDITIVE
– FLUSHING CLEANER
– INJECTION VALVE CLEANER
• FUEL ADDITIVE AND FLUSHING CLEANER NOT EMITTED AND DON’T EXPOSE WORKERS
• FUEL ADDITIVE REGULATIONS GOVERN WHAT CAN GO THROUGH SYSTEM
• DECIDED NOT TO TEST WATER CLEANERS
• FOCUSING ON INJECTION VALVE CLEANERS– EXAMINED CARBURETOR AND CHOKE CLEANERS ON
SHELVES
CARBURETOR CLEANING CONT’DCARBURETOR CLEANING CONT’D
• DECIDED TO USE ACETONE AND SOY PRODUCTS
– BOTH LOW IN TOXICITY AND VOC CONTENT
• PACKAGED FIVE DIFFERENT PRODUCTS
– ACETONE
– BLENDS OF ACETONE AND SOY
• WILL FIELD TEST PRODUCTS AND DECIDE WHICH SHOULD
BE PACKAGED IN LARGER QUANTITIES
• WILL FIELD TEST WITH AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES
BRAKE CLEANING / GENERAL BRAKE CLEANING / GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASINGPURPOSE DEGREASING
• WATER-BASED CLEANERS WITH EQUIPMENT ALREADY
USED IN BRAKE CLEANING AND PARTS CLEANERS USED IN
GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASING
• PACKAGING NON-FOAMING CLEANERS
• WILL TEST AT LEAST SEVEN CLEANERS IN FIELD
• COMPANIES BUY ONE TYPE OF AEROSOL DEGREASER AND
USE IT FOR ALL CLEANING TASKS
• IRTA WILL PROVIDE EACH AUTO REPAIR FACILITY WITH A
WEEK’S WORTH OF CLEANER AND ASK THEM TO USE IT
EXCLUSIVELY
FUTURE WORKFUTURE WORK
• IRTA GOING AHEAD WITH FIELD TESTING
• ASSISTED WATER CLEANING FORMULATORS IN FINDING
OTHER PACKERS
• WILL HAVE CLEANERS FOR BRAKE CLEANING AND
GENERAL PURPOSE DEGREASING IN NOVEMBER
• WILL START TESTING ENGINE DEGREASERS AND
CARBURETOR AND FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM CLEANERS
THIS MONTH
FUTURE STRATEGYFUTURE STRATEGY
• PLANNING FOLLOW-UP PROJECT WITH NEW AEROSOL
WATER-BASED CLEANERS
– WILL WORK WITH AUTO REPAIR FACILITIES TO CONVERT
THEM TO WATER-BASED AEROSOLS
– LOWER VOC PRODUCTS WILL BE IN USE
• SCAQMD MAY BE ABLE TO REGULATE
– DOESN’T HAVE CARB AEROSOL LIMITATION
– CAN REGULATE USE IN FACILITIES