WILLIS'S PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

13th Edition

Allan AshworthKeith Hogg Catherine Higgs

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WILLIS'S PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

13th Edition

Allan Ashworth, Keith Hogg and Catherine Higgs

Historically employed to estimate and measure the likely material requirements for any building project, the role of the modern quantity surveyor is diverse, with a wide range of employers and geographical locations to match. Change continues to be a feature in quantity surveying practice, with the New Rules of Measurement, the RICS Black Book and Building Information Modelling (BIM) all adding to the already dynamic environment in which the Quantity Surveyor operates. This new edition of Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor reflects that dynamic environment, addressing changing practices and procedures in the profession, whilst focussing on the core skills which are essential to success.

The 13th edition of this classic text, originally written by three generations of the Willis family (all quantity surveyors), continues to provide a thorough introduction to the work of the quantity surveyor in private practice, in public service and in contracting organisations.

The AuthorsAllan Ashworth DUniv (Hon), MSc is a Visiting Professor at the University of Salford and the Adjunct Professor in Quantity Surveying at UTAR in Malaysia. He is a former HMI (Her Majestys Inspector) in the Department for Education and Employment and the Senior Academic Advisor to the Centre for Education in the Built Environment based at the University of Salford.

Keith Hogg BSc, PGCE was, until his recent retirement, Associate Dean (Development) in the School of the Built Environment at Northumbria University. He worked in private practice in the UK and overseas and engaged in research and practise in areas of risk management and value management. Throughout much of his career he was closely involved with the RICS in areas of Quantity Surveying Practice and Surveying Education.

Catherine Higgs MSc, MRICS is a Senior Lecturer in Quantity Surveying and Associate Head of the Department of Construction and Property at the University of the West of England, Bristol. She is also a UWE Teaching Fellow with a strong interest in the pedagogy of quantity surveying practice.

Also AvailableWilliss Elements of Quantity Surveying11th EditionSandra Lee, William Trench and Andrew WillisPaperback, 9781444335002

Construction Quantity SurveyingA Practical Guide for the Contractors QSDonald ToweyPaperback, 9780470659427

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Williss Practice and Procedure

for the Quantity Surveyor

Williss Practice and Procedure

for the Quantity Surveyor

Thirteenth Edition

Allan Ashworth, DUniv (Hon), MScUniversity of Salford

Keith Hogg, BSc

Catherine Higgs, MSc, MRICSUniversity of the West of England,

Bristol

A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication

This edition first published 2013 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ashworth, A. (Allan)Williss practice and procedure for the quantity surveyor / Allan Ashworth, Keith Hogg, Catherine Higgs. Thirteenth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-67219-8 (pbk.)1. BuildingEstimatesGreat Britain. I. Hogg, Keith. II. Higgs, Catherine. III. Title. IV. Title: Practice and procedure for the quantity surveyor. TH435.W6853 2013 692.50941dc23

2012051176

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

ISBN: 978-0-470-67219-8 (pbk)

Cover image courtesy of iStockphotoCover design by www.hisandhersdesign.co.uk

Set in 10/12.5pt Palatino by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India

1 2013

Preface xii

1 The Work of the Quantity Surveyor 1Introduction 1A changing industry 2Construction sectors 5The role of the quantity surveyor 8Skills, knowledge and understanding 13Whats in a name? 16Discussion topic 18References 20Bibliography 21

2 Education, Training and Employment 22Introduction 22Chronology of quantity surveying education 19602012 22Quantity surveyors in education 25Partnership and accreditation 26Non-cognate disciplines 27Vocational experience and qualifications 28Assessment of professional competence (APC) 28Continuing professional development (CPD) 30Construction Industry Council (CIC) 30Changing work patterns 31The professions 40Role of the RICS 44Discussion topic 46References 48Bibliography 49

3 Organisation and Management 50Introduction 50Staffing 50Office organisation 52Employers responsibilities 54

Contents

vi Contents

Public relations and marketing 58Quality management 60Time and cost management 62Developing staff and skills 63Finance and accounts 65Discussion topic 70References 73Bibliography 73

4 The Quantity Surveyor and the Law 75Introduction 75The quantity surveyor and the client 75Collateral warranties 82Performance bonds 84Professional indemnity insurance 85Contracts of employment 85Equality Act 2010 87Discussion topic 88References 90Bibliography 90

5 Research and Innovation 91Introduction 91RICS 92Classification of research and development 93Research and development in the construction and property industries 94Rethinking construction innovation and research 95Changing role of the quantity surveyor 97Research and development in quantity surveying practice 98Academic research 100Research dissemination 101The importance of change 102Innovation 104Conclusions 105Discussion topic 106References 109Bibliography 109

6 Cost Control 110Introduction 110Project cost control 110Cost advice 111New rules of measurement (NRM) 112Precontract estimating methods 113

Contents vii

General considerations 117Accuracy of approximate estimates 118Preparing the approximate estimate 119Whole life costing 120Value management 121Risk analysis 121Best value 122Taxation 122Financial assistance for development 125Post-contract methods 127Discussion topic 129References 132Bibliography 133

7 Whole Life Costing 134Introduction 134Brief history 135Government policy 136Whole life value 136Whole life costing applications 137Main factors to consider 139Targeting the major elements of costs-in-use 141Depreciation and obsolescence in buildings 141Long life, loose fit and low energy 142Calculations 142Forecasting the future 144Whole life cost forum (WLCF) 148Conclusions 148Discussion topic 149References 152Bibliography 153

8 Value Management 154Introduction 154Background 155Terminology 155When should surveyors use value management? 156The application of value management 159Function analysis 166Supporting the case for value management 172Professional development and accreditation 173Discussion topic 174References 177Bibliography 177

viii Contents

9 Risk Management 179Introduction 179When should surveyors use risk management? 180The application of risk management 182Risk analysis 184Risk registers 186Expected monetary value (EMV) 189Simulation (quantitative risk analysis) 189Risk management 192Appraisal of risk management options 195Considerations in risk allocation 196Merging risk management and value management opportunity? 197Discussion topic 198References 202Bibliography 202

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