ALL DRUGS - CHEMICAL TESTSS.No Name Chemical Tests

1Glycyrrhiza - Shows deep yellow color on addition of 80% of H2SO42Ginseng X3Discorea X

4Sarsaparilla X5Senega X

6Digitalis - Modified Borntragers test- Keller-Kiliani test (for digitoxose)

o 1g powdered digitalis with 10mL 70% alco Filtered – 5mL water and 0.5mL strong lead acetate solutionis added – shake – separate filtrateo Treated with CHCl3 – evaporated – dissolved in GAAo 2drops FeCl3 are added – transferred to test tube containing2mL conc HSO4o Reddish-brown layer turns Bluish green on standing

- Legal Test – extract dissolved in pyridine, sodium nitroprussidesolution is added to it and made alkaline – pink/red color is produced- Baljet test – Sodium picrate is added to section of digitalis ->Orange color

7Squill X8Strophanthus - Shows emarald green color on addition of 80% of H2SO49Thevetia X

10Aloe (a) General Testsa. Bromine test:b. Schoenteten’s reaction (Borax test)

(b) Special Testsa. Nitrous acid testb. Nitric acid testc. Cupraloin testd. Modified anthraquinone test

11Senna - Borntragers test12Rhubarb - Modified Borntragers test

- Red color with addition of alkalies due to presense of anthraquinoneglycosides.

13Cascara - Modified Borntragers test14Psoralea - A small quantity is dissolved in alcohol to which 3 times propylene

glycol, 5 times acetic acid and 40 times water is added. A blue fluorescence isobserved under violet light- Yellow fluroscence in Uvlight when dissolved in alcohol and littleNaOH

15Gentian - Gentian extract under uv - light-blue flourescence16Chirata X17Tobacco X18Lobelia - Lobeline + H2SO4 + formaldehyde à red color

- Lobeline soln on boiling produces acetophenone which is recognisedby smell

19Belladona X20Datura - Vitali Morin test: tropane alkaloid is treated with fuming HNO3,

followed by evaporation to dryness and addition of methanolic potassiumhydroxide solution to an acetone solution of nitrated residue. Violet colorationtakes place due to tropan derivative- Hyoscine hydrobromide + AgNO3 à Yellowish white ppt (insoluble inHNO3, soluble in NH3)

21Hyoscyamus --------do-------

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22Coca Cocaine powder treated with sulphuric acid, heated + water à characteristic smell ofmethylbenzoate

23Aswagandha X

24Cinchona - Drug powder + GAA + heat à purple vapors- Thalleoquin test: Drug powder + Br soln + dilNH3 à Emerald green- Quinidine solution + AgNO3 à White ppt

25Ipecac - 2.5g powdered drug + 20mL HCl + H2O à + 0.5g Pot.Chlorate àPresence of yellow color to red after standing due to emetine.- Emetine + H2SO4 + Sodium molybdate (frode’s reagent) à Brightgreen color

26Opium - Presence of meconic acid test: added to water + FeCl3 à deepreddish purple color- Morphine when sprinkled on HNO3 gives orange-red color- Morphine soln + Pot.ferricyanide and FeCl3 à bluish green color- Papaverine in HCl gives a lemon yellow color with Pot. Ferri cyanide

27Ergot - Blue color with Van-Urks reagent (p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde)- Red-violet color when treated with saturated solution of sodiumbicarbonate.- Ergometrine, Blue fluroscence with water- Specific-Ergotamine - + GAA + ethylacetate à H2SO4 à shaken well àblue with reddish tinge color appears

28Rauwolfia - Red coloration along the medullary rays is observed when freshlyfractured surface is treated with conc HNO3- Reserpine shows violet color when treated with solution of vanillin inacetic acid.

29Vinca X30Nux-vomica - T.S stained with ammonium vanadate/Sulphuric acid Manddin’s

reagent. Endospermic cells become purple due to the presence of strychnine.- T.S stained with HNO3 conc. Endospemic cells take yellow color dueto presence of brucine- Strychnine with H2SO4 and Pot. Dichromate gives violet color whichturns red and finally yellow.

31Pilocarpus Pilocarpine solution + H2O2 + Benzene + PotChromate àShake à Bluish-violet color(org) and Yellow color (Aqueous)

32Kurchi X33Ephedra Ephedrine dissolved in water + dil HCl, treated seperately with CuSO4, NaOH à Violet

color à shaken with ether à Organic layer purple – aqueous layer blue34Colchicum - Gives Yellow Color with 70% H2SO4

- Alc solution of colchicine + FeCl3 à Red color35Solanum 36Coffee Caffeine gives murexide color reaction: Caffeine + HCl + Pot Chlorate are added

and heated to dryness. à purple color (when exposed to vapours of dil NH3)Caffeine gives white ppt with tannic acid.

37Tea X38Gambir - (Catechin) Drug + HCl + Vanillin à Pink / Red color

- Test for gambier fluorescin: drug is extracted with Alc à + NaOH +light petroleum à Green fluorescence- Drug + chloroform >> filtered in porcelein dish >> evaporated >>greenish yellow (chlorophyll)- Catechin + HCl à flame similar to catechu black (Match stick test)

39Black catechu - (Catechin) Drug + HCl + Vanillin à Pink / Red color- Catechin + HCl à Phloroglucinolà purple / magneta coor- Aq. Extract of catechu + lime water à Brown Color- Drug + FAS à Green Color + NaOH à Purple color

40Myrobalan X

41Arjuna Etherial extract of arjuna shows pinkish fluorescence under uv light.

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42Benzoin - Alcoholic soln of benzoin gives Milky white solution- Bezoin à heat in testube à observe glass slide under microscope tosee cinnamic acid crystals

43Asafoetida - Fractured surface + H2SO4 à red / Reddish brown color- With 50% HNO3 à Green color- With water à Yellowish-Orange emulsion- 0.5g drug with sand + 5mL HCl + water >> Filter – Filtrate +Ammonia à Blue fluroscence is produced due to umbelliferone

44Balsam of tolu - When heated and pressed between two slides show crystals ofcinnamic acid.- Alcoholic solution of balsam of tolu + FeCl3 à Green color- Warm gently about 1g of drug with 5mL pot permanganate àbenzaldehyde odor

45Podophyllum Macerate 0.5g drug with 10mL of alc and filter à add strong Cu-acetatesolution(0.5mL) à brown ppt is produced.

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