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Alcohol and Nutrition
Beverages
Brain
Absorption
Liver
Liver Deterioration
Excretion
Metabolism
Quiz
Malnutrition
Nutrition Facts
Short-term Effects
Long-term Effects
University Use
Alcohol in the Stomach
• 20% absorbed immediately in empty stomach
• Food slows absorption
• Enzyme: Alcohol Dehydrogenase- decreases amount of alcohol entering the blood by 20%
Alcohol in the Liver• Processes one
drink per hour or ½ oz. of ethanol
• Alcohol makes the biggest impact on the liver
NAD+ NADH + H+ NAD+ NADH + H+
Alcohol (ethanol) Alcohol
dehydrogenaseAcetaldehyde
dehydrogenase
Acetaldehyde Acetate Acetyl CoA
CoA
Alcohol Metabolism
•High concentration of acetaldehyde to brain and other tissues are responsible for many of the damaging effects
Liver Deterioration1. Fatty Liver
– Accumulation of fat
2. Fibrosis– Cells:
• lose their function • characteristics of
connective tissue cells
3. Cirrhosis– Cells:
• die• permanently lose their
function
Cirrhosis
Excretion of Alcohol• Alcohol is not
digested nor chemically changed in the blood stream
• Amount of alcohol in breath and urine proportional to amount still in bloodstream
Alcohol’s Effects on the Brain
• 0.05- Impaired judgment, relaxed inhibitions, altered heart rate• 0.10- Impaired coordination, delayed reaction time, exaggerated
emotions, impaired peripheral vision, impaired ability to operate a vehicle
• 0.15- Slurred speech, blurred vision, staggered walk, seriously impaired coordination and judgment
• 0.20- Double vision, inability to walk• 0.30- Uninhibited behavior, confusion, inability to
comprehend• 0.40 to 0.60- Unconsciousness, shock, coma, death
(cardiac or respiratory failure)
Nutrition Facts• Contributes to fat
storage in central region aka “Beer Belly”
• 7 kcal/gram• Recommendation: Not
more than two drinks/day for average-size man; one drink/day for average-size woman
Alcohol & Malnutrition• Primary Malnutrition-
alcohol displaces food
• Secondary Malnutrition-alcohol interferes with digestion and absorption of nutrients
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome- Thiamin deficiency
Alcohol’s Short-Term Effects
• Binge Drinking (4+ or 5+ drinks)
– Alcohol Poisoning• Alcohol consumption:
– Suicide (33%)– Homicide (50%)– Accidents (50%)
• DE (2002) DE (2007)-> 51 fatalities 19 fatalities
– Violence (Robbery, rape, assault)– Victim of crime– Injury (falls, drownings, fire)
Alcohol’s Long-Term Effects
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Liver Disease
• Kidney Disease
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
University Use• Students drink 4 billion cans of beer yearly• 360,000 of 12 million undergraduates will
die from alcohol-related causes while in school
• Nearly ½ of college students are binge drinkers
• Average student spends $900 per year on alcohol (books $450/year)
1. What is considered one drink?A. 10 oz. beerB. 6 oz. glass of wineC. 1 ½ oz. hard liquorD. 8 oz. wine cooler
2. What is Delaware’s Blood Alcohol Concentration Limit?A. .20B. .05C. .10D. .08
3. What is the approximate BAC when a person has slurred speech, staggered walk & blurred vision? A. .30 B. .15 C. .10 D. .05
Answers: 1. C 2. D 3. B
Quiz