AISC-The Material Steel

7/18/2019 AISC-The Material Steel

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primerforcollegesofarchitecture

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American Institute of Steel Construction

Title Slide

a teaching primer for colleges of architecture

The Material Steel

STEEL

STRUCTURE OF THE EVERYDAY :


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Project Director

Slide Design & Graphics

Production Assistants

IT Coordination

Photography

Software

For additional information,please contact:

College of Architecture,UNC-Charlotte

PRODCTIO! T"A# College of Architecture

UNC - Charlotte

CRE!TSThe #aterial Steel $

a"id Thaddeus, A!A, Associate #rofessor

Thaddeus$email%uncc%edu

a"id Thaddeus, A!A

&ennifer August

'rittan( Ea)er

*ath( #hillips

Matt #ar)er

a"id Thaddeus, A!A

Nate Ro++

#oer#oint

#hotoshop

e+orah &% Ar+es, RA


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This proect as made possi+le through funding from the A%erican Institute of Steel ConstructionAISC'ith support from the College of Architecture at theni(ersity of !orth Carolina at Charlotte

Special than)s to the folloing people at A!SC for their support and help o"er the duration of the proect:

From( Rosen+erg, #E, irector, A!SC Uni"ersit( #rogramsMegan Maurer, Coordinator, A!SC Uni"ersit( #rograms

The folloing people ha"e m( sincere gratitude for ser"ing on the Focus .roup and offering theircomments and feed+ac) in the de"elopment of this proect :

*urt 'aumgartner, A!A, &!A, Uni"ersit( of !llinois at Ur+ana Champaign

Terri Me(er 'oa)e, Associate #rofessor, Uni"ersit( of /aterlooThomas Foler, Associate #rofessor, California #ol(technic State Uni"ersit(

0arr( *aufman, #E, NCAR', #rofessor, Southern #ol(technic State Uni"ersit(

*emp Moone(, *emp Moone( Architects

Tim Mro1os)i, A!A, #rofessor, Michigan State Uni"ersit(R(an Smith, Assistant #rofessor, Uni"ersit( of Utah

The folloing A!SC mem+ers ha"e pro"ided in"alua+le insight into the content of this teaching aid:

Ron 'ruce, #E, #resident, 'uilders Steel Compan(, North *ansas Cit(, M2

3arence *ruth, #E, Engineering 4 Safet( Manager, ouglas Steel, 3ansing, M!

a"id Mc*en1ie, #E, 5ice #resident - Engineering, S# !nternational, North *ansas Cit(, M2

Ac)nowledge%ents

AC*N2/3E.EMENTSThe #aterial Steel $


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The A%erican Institute of Steel Construction AISC'is a non-profit technical

institute and trade association esta+lished in 6786 to ser"e the structural steel

design communit( and construction industr( in the United States%

AISCis offering this teaching aid and learning tool for educational purposes onl(%

The data and information in this presentation is not intended for use in the

ph(sical construction of steel structures%

The information presented here is considered pu+lic information and as such ma(+e distri+uted or copied% The use of appropriate credit to for images, +(line,

animations, and content is re9uested%

/e hope that (ou and (our students ill find this information useful%

#lease contact *ro%y Rosen+erg rosen+erg,aisc-org'for further information

on A!SC or for feed+ac) on this teaching learning product%

#lease contact Da(id Thaddeus thaddeus,e%ail-uncc-edu'for 9uestions orcomments on the content of this proect%

Ter%s

TERMSThe #aterial Steel $


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The #aterial *acts

Che%ical Co%position

Production

Structural Properties Ter%inology

Profiles in Steel

Protection of Steel #e%+ers

Appropriate Technology . Sustaina+ility of Steel

Module I

Contents:

Overvie

CO!T"!TS

C2NTENTSThe #aterial Steel $

Clinical Sciences Research,

Stanford Uni"ersit( % #alo Alto, CaliforniaSir Norman Foster

The de Menil Collection Museum

0ouston, Te;as

Ren1o #iano


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Steel $ The Material Facts

Toda( steel is produced in o"er , China as the first countr( to produce more than 8== million tons of crude steel in a (ear ?more than 8=@ of the orlds steel is produced in ChinaB%

Chinais the orlds largest consumer of steel?cars, general industr(, constructionB

&apan is the largest e;porterof steel%

More than D=@of the steel produced annuall(is from rec(cled steel%

#ropertiesof steel are not altered+( ho man( times it is rec(cled%

#er pound of material, steel is the most efficientof all +uilding materials%

A small amount of steel can do load-carr(ing tas)s ith a fraction of the material needed from other materials such as concrete or ood%

Steel is the densest of structural materials and therefore handles longer spans, and produces lighter structures ith the greatest econom(% Steel can +e found in fasteners ?nailsB, structural components, re+ar, sheet-metal, appliances, cars, ships,

To e"er( ton of #ortland Cement produced, > tons of ood and 6= tons of steel are produced%

The United StatesandChinaare the largest importersof steel%

'ritish !n"entor 0enr( 'essemer produced the first economical steel in /012-

Steelis the orlds most rec(cled material% Steel is rec(cled mostl( from un) cars?>-==,=== cars per (ear per steel mill 8G cars minute in North America B%

T0E MATER!A3 FACTS

Steel as first produced in /340in Sheffield, England, )no as Hcruci+le steelIin as "er( pure, +ut difficult and e;pensi"e to produce%

The #aterial Steel $


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Soft 4 Mallea+le 0ard 4 'rittle

/rought !ron Cast !ronJ =%8 @Car+on J > - @Car+on

Steel=%8 - 8 @Car+on

Carbon Steel

Mild Steel=%8 - =%8< @Car+on

Medium Steel

=%8< - =%< @Car+on

0ard Steel

=%< - =%K< @Car+on

Spring Steel

=%K< - 6%K< @Car+on

Allo( Steel

Stainless Steel

/eathering Steel

Com+inations of:

Chromium, Co+alt, Copper,

Mol(+denum, Nic)el,

Tungsten, 5anadium

#

#Controlled amounts of:

Manganese, #hosphorous

Silicon, Sulfur, 2;(gen

Steel $ Chemical Composition

C0EM!CA3 C2M#2S!T!2NThe #aterial Steel $


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Steel is anallo( of !ron, Car+on ?J8@B,and Manganese ?J6@B%!t also contains small amounts of #hosphorous, Silicon,

Sulfur and 2;(gen

Car+on content greatl( affects the properties of steelMore Car+on increases : strength, hardness, corrosion-resistance

More Car+on decreases: mallea+ilit(, ductilit(, and elda+ilit(The amount of Car+on does N2T affect the Modulus of Elasticit( ?EB

of the Steel

Stainless SteelAdding 6


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Steel $ #roduction

2pen 0earth Furnace ?20FB

'asic 2;(gen Furnace ?'2FB

Electric Arc Furnace ?EAFB

Refining is the addition of allo(s to o+tain certain characteristics in the steel:

U%S% has roughl( 8


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Open 5earth *urnace O5*'6

iscontinued in USA due to 2S0A and E#A regulations, it asted energ( and manpoer%

3ast Open 5earth *urnace in U%S% as closed don in 67K=s%

E;treme heat +urned out impurities in iron%Accepts "aria+le amounts of scraps ?8=-K=@B %

>===F minimum temperature re9uired, 6= hours to accomplish%

/orldide, >%D@ of steel produced in 8==> as 20F%

#R2UCT!2NThe #aterial Steel $


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Steel $ Structural #roperties

uctile, a+sor+s energ(

uic) erection-

Fle;i+ilit(, Strength, ura+ilit(, Functionalit(%

Steel is a lighteight solution that is strong enough to allo for longer spans%

Steel +uildings are light and therefore re9uiresmaller foundations than hea"ier +uilding materials%

3ess time on construction site reduces cost%

Shop Fa+rication reduces on-site or) don tothe assem+l( and the erection of frame onl(%

Shop Fa+rication reduces on-site eather dela(s%

The #aterial Steel $ STRUCTURA3 #R2#ERT!ES

Charles de .aulle Airport

#aris % France

St t l


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Structural

'ro(erties:

Overvie

Steel is consistent, isotropic and homogenous%

ensit( 7= 3'S% FT >or =%8< 3'% !N >

?concrete: 6 3'S% FT

>

or =%=K 3'% !N

>

, ood: >< - = 3'S% FT > B

Steel is capa+le of precise tolerances and ith proper

detailing ill pro"ide an e;ceptionall( tight +uilding

en"elope%

Minimum on-site aste%

Strong and stiff for "er( little eight%

The #aterial Steel $ STRUCTURA3 #R2#ERT!ES


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TERM!N232.O

Steel $ Terminolog(


Cold *or%ed

5ot Rolled


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TERM!N232.O

Steel $ Terminolog(


7e+ 6 Shear

*lange 6 8ending

Coping

Reduced 8ea% Section 9 R8S

Dog+one'


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TERM!N232.O

Steel $ Terminolog(


*a+ricator


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TERM!N232.O

Steel $ Terminolog(


Shear Studs

Detailer

Ca%+er


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TERM!N232.O

Steel $ Terminolog(


Groo(e 7eld Puddle 7eld*illet 7eld


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TERM!N232.O

Steel $ Terminolog(


5ori:ontal 8ridgingCross 8ridging


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TERM!N232.OThe #aterial Steel $

"rector


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Architecturall( E;posed Structural Steel lends itself naturall( to sustaina+le +uilding%

AESS a"oids additional finishes and, therefore, sa"esthe energ( hich ould ha"e +een used to produceand transport those finishes%

Using steel hene"er possi+le increases the amountof rec(cla+le content in +uilding%

Using 'olted connections "s% /elded ma)es disassem+l( re-use easier%

The integration of structural and mechanical componentshich is facilitated +( AESS can sa"e +uilding materials%

'esides +eing structural, 0ollo Steel Sections ?0SSBcan also con"e( hot ater and therefore contri+ute to theheating or plum+ing of the +uilding%

The finish color used on the AESS s(stem can enhance reflectance, reducing lighting and thus sa"ing AC%

Use of steel and glass atria for natural light ?a designfeature common in AESS +uildingsB can also reduce thedemand for artificial lighting and in turn AC demand%

The high "isi+ilit( of an AESS s(stem demands a "er(high le"el of attention to the detailing of the steel mem+ers,their finishes and their connections%

TERM!N232.OThe #aterial Steel $

Architecturally ";posed Structural Steel A"SS'


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Re%ar)sApplications!a%e *eatures .

Strengths

Sa%ple Designation Si:e Range

/ 68 ; KIJ tfJ 8I

6IJ tJ


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Re%ar)sApplications!a%e *eatures .

Strengths

Sa%ple Designation Si:e Range

C 6= ; >=

'racing3intelsStairsTrusses

Nominal epth

Actual epth

No torsional strength

6=: Actual depth

>=: /eight 3in% Ft%C> - C6

Documents

AISC-The Material Steel