Airo National Research Journal December, 2017 Volume XII, ISSN: … G… · Raman Gujral Faculty Member of Commerce Supervisor name- Dr Gajaraj Singh, Asst. Prof. Declaration of Author:

Airo National Research Journal December, 2017 Volume XII, ISSN: 2321-3974 Impact Factor 0.75 to 3.19

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BUILDING SKILLS FOR YOUTH EMPLOYABILITY

Raman Gujral

Faculty Member of Commerce

Supervisor name- Dr Gajaraj Singh, Asst. Prof.

Declaration of Author: I hereby declare that the content of this research paper has been truly made by me including the title of the research paper/research article, and no serial sequence of any sentence has been copied through internet or any other source except references or some unavoidable essential or technical terms. In case of finding any patent or copy right content of any source or other author in my paper/article, I shall always be responsible for further clarification or any legal issues. For sole right content of different author or different source, which was unintentionally or intentionally used in this research paper shall immediately be removed from this journal and I shall be accountable for any further legal issues, and there will be no responsibility of Journal in any matter. If anyone has some issue related to the content of this research paper’s copied or plagiarism content he/she may contact on my above mentioned email ID.

The scenario that conjures up in our first

thought, when we talk about urban slums, is

that of a dirty, unhygienic society of

impoverished shanties with big lines of

people crowding around a single municipal

water tap, crying babies literally left on

street corners to fend for themselves and

endless problems and four voices emanating

from various places. Most of them are busy

in eking out their daily lives, always living

below the poverty line, by working as

infrastructurelaborers, domestic help, rag

pickers and small young children working

on neighborhoodtea stalls.

Clearly, India‟surban poor are away from

their popular stereotypes as only home of

disease and want. Indeed, an overwhelming

large number of people of these hutments

have left their homes in the countryside in

the hope of opportunities in urban India

because of their strong aspirations.

Sarcastically, it is the informal economy,

whichattracts many of these slum-residents

into the vicious cycle of poverty.

Without real options for their kids to secure

competitive means of schooling and with the

sizeable number of slum-dwellers not skilled

for the better jobs, social mobility for this

group, though inspiring when it occurs, is

still very little. Further, continuing

urbanization and increase in slums through

fresh arrivals from the nearby areas

increases competition for limited resources

and, options further reducing both livability

and individual opportunities for growth and

development. The very presence of slums

ultimately risks developing a varied class of

urban population who only difficultly mixes

with the other „classes‟ other than as

laborers.

While India‟surban poornowadays are full

of ambitious, hard workers, lack of good

opportunities can quickly

institutionalizelack of income and create an


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unbridgeable gap between poor and

rich. Although global technological

innovation and India‟s growth provide its

urban poor with usage to some of the

modern consumables such as motorcycle,

colortelevisions, and smart mobile phones,

their ability to form their own destiny

remains limited – and the productive

potential of the new age migrants eager to

work is under-utilized.

As we know, the history of urban

development is full of examples of cities

which began off by being welcoming (may

be willingly or not) to the poor section of the

population who were justalleviated from

poor living habitat to a combination of

affordable shanties and basic better civic

amenities. The answer ultimately lies in

better nations, not mere better cities, which

are scalable and capable of not only

accepting the inflow of migrants (from

within or without), but in fact are economic

tycoons in attracting the best talent from

India.

Firstly, urban slums are a logical answer to

urbanization and the respective lack of

opportunity outside of big urban centres in

predominantly underdeveloped countries.

They are supported by the right to

migrate. So, they are a structural

process. Secondly, slums become a system

of living continuously by economics,

politics and social aspects. Therefore, it

makes sense to visualize them as a part of

the ongoing system of a society and also the

global phenomena of trade and allocation of

wealth. Thirdly, people accept and adapt to

their conditions without (external) triggers

to motivate them to do other way. In this

sense, slums are adaptive society. Fourthly,

slum dwellers can make better the slum to a

large extent if supported to do

so. Therefore, they can also be created and

carved as one would any organizational

entity with the help of the application of

techniques of change management. Finally,

slum societies cannot transform their slum

(into a non-slum) without the support of the

better societies around them.

They lack the critical human

and monetaryresources to make a clean

break from their poor condition. Their

transformation requires an outward impetus

and resources. In the absence of this

external support system, they can become

depriverather than better citizen‟s in-waiting

and have the resource to develop a culture,

bunch of values and desirable behaviors that

can threaten their on-slum environment .


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Therefore, ultimately, a detailed and long-

term solution to the problem of India‟s

slums cannot be about the slums

themselves. A possible solution would have

to take a holistic action dealing with

India‟slargest macro challenges and

understand the critical role which cities will

have to play if India is to successfully

transition into a better than a middle-income

country.

Such a solution and would include the

following possible strategies:

Need Assessment Study

The need assessment methodologyshould

comprise of following steps: –

Present labour resource scans

Employment strategies & need based

action plan

Skill cum Entrepreneurship training

course curriculum designs.

Plan of action

Software development for analysis of

reports & MIS.

STUDY METHODOLOGY

SAMPLE SELECTION

Systematic and quota sampling technique

should be used for this kind of study giving

emphasis to coverage of all potential slum

dwellers of the selected areas and city.

(Example: For almost 7200 beneficiaries

need assessment scan would be for at least

15000 slum dwellers of the selected areas

and city.)

Example of region wise spread of samples

should be as follows –

City Number of beneficiaries

(Pilot phase)

Sample size

CITY - A 2200 4500

CITY –B 3000 6100

CITY –C 1000 2200

CITY -D 1000 2200

Total 7200 15000

Being a sample comprising of individuals

already engaged in some kind of activities,

we should have assumed the problem of the

presence of some of the slum dwellers at

home during the study. Keeping the facts in

mind 15000 +samples is advisable to be

selected.


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DEVELOPMENTOF SCHEDULE FOR

FIELD SURVEY:

The need assessment study should have two

clear focuses –

(a) To collect data about the present

socioeconomic status and problems of

selected urban slum dwellers and

(b) Need of the potential urban slum

dwellers.

Despite first being numeric in nature would

be seemingly easy to get but the condition of

minimal financial records available with

urban slum dwellers can make it more

perceptive in nature. The second focus also

needs to capture the perceived status and can

be triangulated with increased demand and

desires of selected urban slum dwellers.

Considering the varied socioeconomic

culture of targeted response, a standard

questionnaire and its administration may not

provide a clear and significant picture to

capture. So study should focus more on

standardizing a schedule to be filled up by

the investigator based on the guided

discussions and questions on the schedule.

The typical characteristics of urban slum

dwellers while designing schedule would be

kept in mind-

1. Most of the urban slum dwellers

hardly keep financial records to get

the exact financial income figure.

2. The majority of urban slum dwellers

may not be coherent present their

economic and employment status in

exact terms and may need enough

time and encouragement to open up

to provide the required information.

3. Indirect questions and observations

can provide better clues to assess the

impact rather than direct information

which many a times might be

incoherent and misleading and may

be distracted by implementing

agency ate factors like availability of

time and perceptions of an outsider.

4. The urban slum dwellers are more

apt in describing events and impacts

in relation to important happenings

and emotional associations of events

rather than a direct response to

straight questions.

5. The words and phrases used in local

context have different meanings and

if coded in the right context can give

real picture of happenings and

perceptions.


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So it would be a real problem to design the

standardized questionnaire to be used in

different socioeconomic situations ranging

from the poorest of poor to job employed.

The questionnaire to be administered as

scheduled with close-ended options and

enough options to classify the shared facts

and put it under right heads.

These schedules would mean to obtain

information from respondents in a face-to-

face situation. The interviewer would act as

a facilitator to get required information from

respondent and then put it in the format

provided. It is assumed that putting open-

ended questions in front of respondents and

then eliciting the response of questions in

schedule could lead to smooth flow of

conversation and required data collection.

On the spot clarification for answers can be

sought in case of confusing responses. The

interviewer should strictly instruct to avoid

personal assumptions and stress on to

maintain objectivity of the purpose.

The professional should try to design the

questionnaire as clear, detailed and

unambiguous as possible, by keeping in

mind not to insult the intelligence of most of

the urban slum dwellers. To solve this

problem one should try to balance

compactness with an impression of legibility

and spaciousness. The languages in the

instructions will be kept simple and concise

without being obtuse, relaxed without being

foolish. One should try to ensure that the

beneficiaries must not feel that they are

being patronized, but they must also feel that

this survey is serious and worth the effort of

their responding it. The staff capable of

perceptional investigation alone will be

engaged to conduct the interview.

FIELD-TESTINGOF QUESTIONNAIRE

Before actual implementation a field-testing

of prepared questionnaire must be

undertaken to check the options provided for

urban slum dwellers and choices available to

each question posed. Once options were

found sufficient to capture different

responses it would be finalized.

STRATEGY & IMPLEMENTATION

PLAN OF ACTION-

Slums are not 'problems' that have to be

'solved' - but are indeed the results of

lopsided and vested urban policies covering

land ownership, infrastructure provision and

maintenance, and other socioeconomic

issues. And for the poor, they represent a

solution. The need of the hour is to find

light in the darkest of the dark scenario and


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infuse life in the lives that are still waiting

for the silver lining.

The approach should be flexible in its

application; it is nevertheless based on 5

important core principles which should not

be compromised:

People-centered – Starting with people

and their livelihood choices, job

employment approach would be focused

on full respect for people‟s views, involve

them and aims to ensure that the policies

governing people‟s lives are promoting

change in the dimensions of poverty which

they priorities.

Holistic –The approach should aim to

recognize the constraints and opportunities

which urban poor people identify for

themselves, regardless of which

professional sphere or sector they may lie

on. As well as being a non-sectorial

concept, Our approaches would aim to

give due consideration to the multiplicity

of influences, actors, strategies and

outcomes which are determined by people,

institutions, public and private sector

interests.

Dynamic – People‟s livelihoods and the

forces which shape them are dynamic. We

should aim to assist in understanding

complex causal relationships and how

interventions can support the positive, pro-

poor changes whilst mitigating the

negative ones.

Macro-micro links – Livelihoods analysis

highlights the significance of the linkages

between poor women and men, households,

neighborhoods and the myriad of legislative

instruments and practices which determine

people‟s access to assets define their

opportunities in transforming assets into

capital and govern livelihood options. The

theory recognizes the potential benefit of

involving people in policy formulation

whilst acknowledging the lack of supporting

evidence since macro level policies are

usually developed in isolation from the

people they affect.

Sustainability – There are numerous

aspects of sustainability. Measures to be

applied by us would include resilience to

negative external forces, depending on the

institutions (and in turn, their sustainability),

non-depletion of others‟ livelihood options.

Ourbeliefs in terms of poverty reduction,

sustainability can only be achieved when

external interventions are congruent with

current livelihood strategies and capacity to

adapt.


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OBJECTIVES BEHIND HOLISTIC

DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SLUMS

Slum dwellers can be identified as that

section of the society that fail to upgrade

their skills and are unwilling to make

investments in education and in upgrading

their skills constantly. They are, therefore,

certain to lose out on economic

development. Therefore, our objective

would be to bring this section on par with

those sections of the society that constantly

upgrade their skills and invest in doing so

and benefit immensely when new economic

opportunities open up.

Long Term

Improving the quality of life of the

urban poor in terms of health,

education, sanitation and

environment.

Economic development of the urban

poor through better and gainful job

employment.

Revitalizing the infrastructure and

environment of the city.

Short Term

To provide need based skill up gradation of

urban slum dwellers for market driven job

placements.

• Improve basic physical and non-

physical infrastructure facilities within a

slum.

• To facilitate the process of

community development with a

sustainable

Mechanism.

STRATEGY FOR HOLISTIC

DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SLUMS

One should work on this grave issue with

the purpose of helping the urban poor. An

important element of your strategy would be

to upgrade the skills of the poor to help them

in getting well-paying opportunities. Skill up

gradation should be our conviction to reduce

poverty in urban slums. Faces and the

Long Term Objectives

Education &

Environment

Economic Development through job, employment

Revitalising infrastructure

of city

Short Term Objectives

Need based skill

upgradation

Improving infrastructural

facilities

Community development


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genesis of this concept would thrust on it.

Also, only when we upgrade the skills on a

large scale, we can hope to prepare the poor

to face the fiercely competitive world that is

emerging.

Upgrading skills involve a spectrum of

programs. At one end are the training

programme that will help the unskilled to

compete in the productive segments of the

service and the distributive industries.

Giving the unskilled very narrow vocational

skills is the other end of the spectrum. By

productive segments of the employee are

high and rising and the long-term return on

capital employed is better than the return the

investors expect.

Considering these experiences, oneshould

lower its sights, with a sense that it would be

more productive to provide the unskilled

narrow vocational training that has the

potential for quick upgrading. With this

rationale should launch a training

programme viz; automobile driving,

repairing and other similar kind of

programme for the unskilled residents of

urban slums.

Along with the above, the strategies can

used for achieving both long term and short

term objectives would be based on the

following concepts

Ice breaking & Intra slum

networking

Convergence is a concept which we

should use for integrating various

public programmes, present social

group efforts and other support more

dynamically rather than viewing

each programme in isolation. Thus,

based on community needs

assessment, different combination of

various efforts (economic activities

and Job placement, etc.) can be

designed for different slum

settlements as per their requirements.

Active community participation.

SCREENING, TESTING AND

SELECTION OF URBAN SLUM

PARTICIPANTS:

You can adopt various

methodologies to identify and select

the urban poor for further capacity

building interventions among the

urban poor. Following can be your

strategy for screening, testing and

selection of beneficiaries


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Selection tests

Followingdesigned tests are highly

standardized, scientific tools that measure

various aspects of human performance or

behavior.

Psychometric testing is a vital component to

understand better the factors that tend to

implementing agency to get best performers,

testing can be used to identify common

qualities amongst successful employees in a

job category, so that those qualities can be

looked at and trainedfor.

We should use properly developed

psychometric tests and questionnaires

(For those who can read Local language

script), When such tests used by competent

and qualified individuals, lead to judgments

that are likely to be more valid than

judgments made by other means.

1. You can develop a range of

psychometric tests that can

be used for training,

development, recruitment,

placement and retention.

These tests can be designed

after the practical experience

of many years. Thereasons

behind these are:

it is easier to get information

from candidates through tests

rather than

through counseling.

2. The information from these

tests is more scientifically

consistent than the

information from a

counseling session.

It is harder to get away with lying on

a test than in a counseling session.

Experiences shows that

psychometric tests cover areas

ranging from Intelligence, aptitude,

values, emotions, motivation,

personality, etc.

Apart from catering to selection needs,

these tests would also furnish employers

with details regarding skills or personality

traits like personality of the urban slum


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beneficiary by placing on a scale of

introversion/ extroversion, assertiveness/

submissiveness, self-reliance/ group

dependence, etc.

4- D STAFFING

For any task to be result oriented it is

imperative to ensure adequate and quality

staffing, who consciously apply their

knowledge and ensure performance and

consistency for good project management.

Initially a Project leader along with two

Project Officers each and a Project Assistant

should be appointed at all cities viz; City-A,

City-B, City-C, City-D respectively

ROLE OF PROFESSIONALS FOR DEVELOPING TECHNICAL SKILLS FOR URBAN

POOR

(i) Environment scanning &

Sensitization

The role of the staff should be varied and

span over several tasks beginning with a

promotional campaign that would include

door-to-door campaign through personal

visits and pamphlet distributions, etc., in

the selected slum areas to create awareness

about the project. Thereafter, Focused

Group Discussions (FGDs) of selected

youth from selected areas can be organized.


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The Awareness Generation meetings

conducted simultaneously will be conducted

as:

Awareness generation meeting

(smaller groups)

One day meeting of unemployed

youth

Meeting by stakeholders to guide

and inform about employment

opportunities.

The meetings will inform the youth

about various job avenues, will help to

ready themselves mentally and plan

accordingly for skill up gradation

programme.

(ii) Need based action

Skill Training: These trainings should be

enhanced by professionals by providing

training on competencies and skills such as

personality development, including

confidence building, communication skills,

basic literacy and numeracy etc. so that there

is a full value addition to individuals. The

trainings imparted should be linked with the

market scan/study. These would include (but

not limited to) innovative areas within the

context of the dynamic urban market and

aptitudes of the beneficiaries such as:

IT enabled services

Customer relations & sales

Hospitality

Refrigeration & AC Mechanics

Home care nursing

Computer hardware

Pre-primary Teacher Training

Housekeeping

Jobs related to retail markets,

security guards etc.

Driving, Auto mechanics

Multi skills like plumbing, welding,

centering, electric wiring etc.

Enhancing traditional skills

(iii) Entrepreneurship and Skill

Development Programme (ESDP)

After the selection of the beneficiaries they

will be trained in appropriate skills through

practical training and also equipped with

entrepreneurial qualities. Based on the


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requirements of the trade, the training in

trade specific skill will span over a period of

one-and-half months to three months. The

training programme has been divided into

4+1+1+1 model, spanning over seven days

of the week.

Four days of the week are allocated

to skill and technical training for

theory and practical. This covers the

sessions and tests taken by master

trainer/skill expert.

One day session on personality

development, self-employment

schemes, role of bank, role of

government Industries department,

market survey, Business Plan

preparation, insurance, marketing

and interface with a successful

entrepreneur etc.

Sixth day of the week is reserved for

market survey of the skill that they

have been trained in for five days

and field visit respectively. This aims

at providing practical exposure to the

participants.

Seventh day of the week is kept for

preparation of a date-wise written

instruction manual by the participant

in the form of a reading material that

consists of the inputs learnt during

the past six days of the week. This

manual could be referred to in future

by the participant.

BANK LINKAGE/SELF

The process of bank linkage will commence

during the training period. All formalities

pertaining to filing of applications for grant

under various schemes of the industry

department, registration of the industry,

preparation of the project report, quotations

for purchase of machineries, etc., will be

completed during this period. It will be

implementing agency (IA) endeavor to

provide the cheque of the first installment of

bank loan to the beneficiaries in the

valedictory function of the training

programme. Beneficiaries who will not be

able to procure any bank loan will be

encouraged to start their own enterprise with

their own capital/funding.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

During the course of the training,

beneficiaries will be introduced to

successful entrepreneurs and interactions

will also be ensured with big entrepreneurs.

This will be done to ensure the twin

objectives of motivation which the

successful entrepreneurs will provide to the


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participants to become entrepreneurs

themselves as well as provide job

opportunities to those who cannot achieve

the entrepreneurial goal.

It will be ensured that at least 60 percent of

the trained beneficiaries become

entrepreneurs and the rest of the 20 percent

find employment opportunities.

REPAYMENT SCHEDULING

Beneficiaries who will be starting their own

enterprises with the help of bank loans will

be encouraged to repay loans. IA will co-

ordinate between the banks and the

beneficiaries and will keep reminding the

beneficiaries of the impending dates of

repayment and the installment that has to be

repaid. The Institute will also take steps to

eradicate the hindrances coming in the way

of repayment of loans.

FOLLOW UP MEETING

Follow up meetings will be held regularly

commencing from the date of conclusion of

the training programme till one year.

Meetings related to issues of banks, industry

department, machinery providers, raw

material providers, project report, marketing

and availability of employment

opportunities, will be held every quarterly.

Various meetings will be held during the

year to ensure achievement of the desired

results and goals.

METHODOLOGY FOR SKILL UP

GRADATION OF URBAN SLUMS:

For the action plan one would draw on its

experience of skill up gradation programmes

in other parts of the country. As peryour

previous experience, industry, professional

institutes, and governments must join hands

to create a demand for sophisticated

services, without which the upgrading of

skills would not succeed. When there is a

demand for better quality of services, we

will attract private investments for

upgrading skills. Once the demand is created

there has to be automatically the supply of

skilled people. Without the partnership

between demand and supply, the creation of

employment opportunities and subsequently

the up liftment of the slum dwellers would

not be possible.

The slum development work would

comprise the following.

Setting up of neighborhood groups,

women‟s groups and youth activities

Participatory approach for generating

small contributions.


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Supporting income generating

activities by providing vocational

training and job

Access to unemployed persons. Developing

linkages for the formal sector, Placement

agencies to help people start small

businesses, trades and get gainful

Employment.

TECHNICAL AND OTHER SUPPORT

Professionals shall beresponsible for

all technicalissues related to the

programme formulation, planning

and implementation.

Professionals will also be responsible

for developing organizational

mechanisms with the Group of

Corporate or other social groups for

replicating the work of larger scale.

Training related to community

development work like economic

activities, group building, etc. by

Professional trainers and specialist

master trainers.

SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON SLUM

WOMEN

Implementing agency should intervene

specially with unemployed women of

selected urban slums to provide vocational

counseling and training, and assistance in

the field of job placement around slum areas

of selected cities .In this spirit, livelihoods

initiatives would be developed for women.

As broadly conceived, “livelihoods

approach” to urban slum unemployed

women will be through developing technical

and life skills while influencing social

networks and improving access to savings

and markets. In slum settings of work area

where young women‟s movements are

restricted to the domestic arena, providing

safe spaces outside the home is expected to

promote mobility and independence and

give young women greater visibility in the

community. By increasing contact with

others outside the family, including both

female peers and adults, who can function as

mentors, social and interpersonal capacities

may be advanced and communication skills

developed.

Through vocational counseling and training

and better job placement we can achieve the

following:


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HAND HOLDING SUPPORT

Slums are heterogeneous and display local

idiosyncrasies. Consequently, the

recommendations for job placements will be

highly specific to the cities.

According to the International Labour

Organization, approximately 85 per cent of

all new employment opportunities around

the world are created in the informal

economy.

In some countries, employment in the urban

informal sector has risen sharply over the

past decade. But what is common among

the urban slum dwellers around the world is

that they are mostly recruited in low paid,

low productive and low security jobs.

Implementing agency interventions,

therefore, should ascertain that the

youth/populace of slums of the selected

cities are placed in suitable jobs after their

identification, an analysis of their career

choices/occupational interests, inventory,

personality and aptitude tests conducted by

professional placement agencies.


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Implementing agency strategy would cater

to:

Provide individual information to

assist the jobseekers in choosing

their careers.

Collection and compilation of

occupational information with a view

to disseminate this information to the

needy job seekers of the slums.

To provide career information,

career literatures (for those who can

read and write in Hindi), posters,

highlighting various job

opportunities and publishing career

bulletins for the benefit of the

jobseekers.

To organise career conferences,

career talks, career exhibitions, etc.

for slum dwellers on different

careers and employment

opportunities.

NETWORKING WITH PLACEMENT

AGENCIES: Implementing agency should

plan to recruit the services of placement

agencies in order to bridge the gap between

the slum dwellers and the job/employment

market. All urban slum job seekers will be

provided a platform to find suitable

recruitment through the placement agencies.

Implementing agency should find the

right and reliable placement agencies

after looking at the agencies profile

and ensuring their past record of

providing recruitments to the

candidates. IA will provide extended

database of slum jobseekers for jobs

enlisted with the agencies.

Prepare CVs/resumes of the

candidates through the placement

agencies by providing them the

requisite details.

Assist in planning the employment

opportunities of the slum candidates,

which will be its prime objective,

through the placement agencies and

place them on their desired profile.

Provide the

CVs/resumes/applications of selected

and trained slum candidates to the

placement agencies who will also

wade through these applications for

job seekers and find the right fit for

them.

Appoint consultants of placement

agencies who will act as perfect job

advisors, as they are talented enough

to improve the job seekers


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personality and help in charting out

their career in the right direction.

Implementing agency(IA) will save a

lot of time in fulfilling the above

objective through the placement

agency as they save a lot of effort

and yet find work more quickly. In

the present job scenario many

companies will actually go through a

job placement agency because it is

much easier for their recruitment

process. The placement agencies will

act as a channel between I A and

companies seeking manpower and

provide candidates from the IA talent

Bank full of well trained

andqualified candidates.

POST TRAINING COUNSELLING &

HAND HOLDING SUPPORT

The focus will not only be on training but

also on post training job placement and

follow up. This would be handled by the 8

Project Officers and 4 Project Assistants

appointed under the project. This task

would entail support for linking trainees to

employers and employment opportunities,

job placement and follow up. The task

would include interaction with employers

and employment implementing agency

arise to assist in job placement and may

include formation of a Network of

Employers or Placement Agencies to assist

with final job placement. Follow up would

include counselling of job drop outs and

working with them to re-join employment.

Also counselling would be conducted to

identify and resolve on-the-job problem

areas. A quarterly rejuvenation programme

will also be organised for the already

recruited personnel.

MAJOR ACTIVITIES AND

TENTATIVE SCHEDULES

1. cquaintance with the selected slum

area1 week

2. Initial staff orientation 1 week

3. Slums survey ( Problems & Need )6

weeks

4. Programme formulation 1 week

5. Implementation of Programmes 40

weeks

6. Documentation & Report making 3

weeks

7. Hand holding Support 52 weeks

CONCLUSION:

As furtherance to its entrepreneurial

movement, the well planned mode of

strategy specifically proposed by the

implementing agency will attempt to tackle

the unemployment problem of below the


19

poverty line slum populace in the selected

towns of various parts of geographical

region.

Selection of the right beneficiary will lead to

increased number of enterprises/employed

and decrease the number of those living

below the poverty line. The urban poor of

the selected towns will be imparted skill

cum entrepreneurship trainings in demand

based or need based industry. Training and

upgrading semi-skilled artisan urban poor to

fully trained artisans as per the needs of the

beneficiaries. Maximum urban poor will be

benefitted by implementing agency

interventions within their own slum

localities. Gradual and constant

improvement of acquired skills through self-

prepared training manuals will be added

advantage. This will ensure reinforcement

of sound knowledge base that will always be

beneficial for the trained urban poor. This

kind of process will also Increase in bank

loan repayments. Increased sustainability as

regular follow up meetings will be organized

for urban poor to take up either self-

employment or avail employment

opportunity. During the project period

government officials would be the part of

this special model which can be adopted

year on year basis on sustainable basis.

Asia is not alone in this challenge of course;

Mexico, Brazil and Africa have some of the

largest urban poor in the world. It is unclear

that there are simple solutions to the

problem of urban poor given their

extraordinary organic growth rates– 75% of

the world‟s population is expected to live in

urban centres by 2060– and solving slums

requires a rethink of the development of

cities and their borders as well as of the role

of rural areas. The challenge, like with

many such difficult transformations and

reformations for Asia, is whether it can

muster the political will and concerted

efforts of its stakeholders to implement the

level of change required.

As cities continue to attract an excess rural

workforce and people looking for economic

opportunities, slums‟ share of the urban

environment will surely continue to

increase, particularly in the fast developing

and low income countries where the rate of

urbanization exceeds urban systems‟ ability

to scale. Given this urbanization process

seems unstoppable, unless the relative size

and power of the Asian economy and its

distribution of wealth outpaces this shift by

a reasonable margin; Asia‟s emergence will

not result in a better quality of life for the

majority of its citizens.


20

(Annexure -1)

Key activities to be taken under the Project

S. No.

Activity Time in Months

3 6 9 12

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

36

1 Acquaintance with the selected area

√

2 Initial staff orientation √

3 Techno-economic survey √

4 Implementation of programmes

Awareness Generation Programme

Promotional Activities

Beneficiaries Selection Tools

Entrepreneurship & Skill Development Programme

Others

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

5 Documentation & report making √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

6 Hand holding support √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

7 Follow up meeting √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

8 Monitoring & evaluation √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √


21

(Annexure -2)

Proposed output of Urban Livelihoods Skill upliftment Programme

CITY 1

4500 Sample

3080

Participants

STAKE HOLDERS SENSITISATION

Programmes-

6 No.

NEED BASED SKILL UPGRADATION-

3080

Participants

2200

Job Placement

CITY A CITY B CITY C CITY D

Electrician- 180 + 270 + 90 + 80

Plumber- 160 + 240 + 80 + 90

Furniture - 110 + 150 + 50 + 40

Motor driving - 286 + 390 + 30 + 140

Beauty care - 88 + 120 + 40 + 50

Apparel - 176 + 240 + 80 + 70

Holistic therapies - 66 + 90 + 30 + 20

Screen printing - 44 + 60 + 20 + 30

Health care - 264 + 360 + 120 + 130

Corporate staffing - 330 + 450 + 150 + 140

Construction - 220 + 300 + 100 + 110

CHM- 22 + 30 + 10 + 10

Others- 220 + 300 + 100 + 90

CITY 2

6100

Sample

4200

Participants


Programmes-

8 No.


4200

Participants

3000

Job Placement

CITY 3

2200 Sample

1400

Participants


Programmes-

4 No.


1400

Participants

1000

Job Placement

CITY 4

2200 Sample

1400

Participants


Programmes-

4 No.


1400

Participants

1000

Job Placement

Documents

Airo National Research Journal December, 2017 Volume XII, ISSN: … G… · Raman Gujral Faculty Member of Commerce Supervisor name- Dr Gajaraj Singh, Asst. Prof. Declaration of Author: