Dr Harold W. Sorenson

K-1

K-2

The world has changed . . .

Threat Operations Technology

Is no longer Russia. Multiple regional conflicts can emerge… simultaneously.

The preferred mode of operations is Multinational.

The rate of change in commercial technology is changing both sides of the battlefield.

K-3

• Labor intensive collection and coordination• Individual stovepipe systems• Difficult to integrate• Difficult to build recognized operational pix• Inflexible• Time intensive• Disjointed workflow

• Little interoperability– Joint service– Coalition

• Large forward footprint

• Scattered snapshots of the battlespace• different time• different views/aspect angles• different parameter names

• Fraction of the information sources used• intelligence• open sources

AWACS CA

Ground Processing

Dissemination

INTJSTARS

GSMGroundProcessing

U2-R

Data Overload & Information Starvation!

USAF Command & Control (today’s operational reality)

AOC

CRC

CRE

K-4

What are AEFs?

AF vision to organize, train, and equip its total force to meet 21st century challenges

Joint commander will depend on AEF to tailor desired operational effect

AEF provides more responsive force packaging, better visibility into force tempo

K-5

Air Force Expeditionary Forces

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A Revolution in Military Affairs

Joint ForcesGlobal Info Grid

Valu

e, M

atur

ity,

Stds

, CO

NO

PS,

Trai

ning

, etc

..

ANALYSIS& MODEL

PROTO& SIM BATTLE

LABSIOT&E & FOT&E

JOINT OPERATIONS

Planning, Programming, Budgeting System Capability

Discontinue

Opportunities(Tech Push)

User Needs(Requirements Pull)

CONCEPTSCONCEPTS

FEED

BACK

Joint Requirements, CONOPS, and Doctrine

• Deficiencies• Enhancements

OUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUT

CommercialTechnology &

Trends

System ArchitectureDecision Support

Adaptive Architectures and COEs

Modeling and

Simulation

Information Management

and Distribution

Robust, Seamless Communications

Consistent Battlespace Understanding

Information Warfare Protection

New Operational Concepts

New System-of-System Concepts New Acquisition Paradigm

Architectural Concept for 2010

K-7

K-8

Command and Control Operational Vision

SpaceSpaceNodeNode

IntelIntelCenterCenter

SpecialSpecialOpsOps

JCSJCSTanker/Tanker/AirliftAirliftNodeNode

JAOCJAOCRearRear

EAF Key Elements - People,

Processes and Systems

EAF Key Elements - People,

Processes and Systems

Dynamic BattleDynamic BattleManagementManagement

Integrated Air and Integrated Air and SpaceSpace

Enhanced Enhanced Battlespace ViewBattlespace ViewIntegrated ISRIntegrated ISR

Distributed OpsDistributed Ops

Key C2 ChallengesKey C2 Challenges

Enhanced mobility

Greater flexibility

Increased Responsiveness Enhanced Situation Awareness

Greater Interoperability

K-9

Small Distributed Nodes

AWACSRivet JointUAV

FLOTFLOT

CAOCCAOC

TACPTACP

CTFCTF

EOCEOC

ASOCASOCRemoteRemote

Radars/CommRadars/Comm

CoalitionCoalitionCenter(s)Center(s)

JSTARSJSTARS

CoalitionCoalitionRadarsRadars

BCCBCC

•New C2 node; replaces CRC/CRE•Mission flexible; tailored to contingency

•Small footprint•TMD capable

•Missile tracking•Multi-sensor fusion•Host nation sensor processing

•Common air control/battle management capabilities;

•Increased SATCOM•Improved data links•LAN/WAN ground comm

Improved Mobility and Mission FlexibilityImproved Mobility and Mission Flexibility

K-10

Dynamic Battle Management:Response to Time Critical Targets

AWACSRivet JointUAV

FLOTFLOT

CAOCCAOC

TACPTACP

CTFCTF

EOCEOC

ASOCASOCRemoteRemote

Radars/CommRadars/Comm

CoalitionCoalitionCenter(s)Center(s)

JSTARSJSTARS

CoalitionCoalitionRadarsRadars

BCCBCC

GroundGroundProcessingProcessing

•Decentralized execution at control nodes•Decision support for dynamic targeting•Collaboration to optimize weapon/target pairing•Immediate tasking

•Real-Time information to the cockpit

Improved Collaboration and ResponsivenessImproved Collaboration and Responsiveness

ISR/Ops Integration

CombatOperations

CombatPlans

UnitOperations

Strategic Planning

Air Battle Planning

MissionPreparation

MissionExecution

Reporting & Analysis

StrategicDivision

Intelligence

COA development/predictionTheatre situation assessmentTarget developmentCollateral damage assessment

Collection management

Combat assessmentMission reporting

Targeting and weaponeeringCollection plan generation

Intelligence briefing

Targeting and weaponeeringThreat assessment for mission planningIntel preparation for air crewDynamic retasking

Situational awareness

UnitOperations

CombatOperations

Determination of impacts of retaskingEnhanced methods/procedures

for sensor control

Visualization of currentand planned coverageto support redirection

Deployable, flexibleexploitation tools

Single integrated view ofISR assets and coverage Automated tools for

visualization of currentand planned coverage

Improved Decision-making and ResponsivenessImproved Decision-making and Responsiveness

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K-12

Integration of Air and Space C2

NationalSystems

On-Call AEW

Attached AEWROSCSpace

Ops Center

ASOC/TACP

Navy Command Ship

Tactical Air Control(BCC, RCC)

Theater CINC

JTF HQ CAOCNAF/COMAFFOR

Marine TAOC

National Resources

Navigational accuracyprediction

Environment predictionand impact assessment

Early warning to theater

ABCCC

InterdictionAircraft

TPS-75

Airfields&

WOC

CRC

TASKUNIT / 11SWS / FALCON AFB CO //MSNDAT / TBMW /MSNCVG / 120900Z - 152359Z / - / - / - //

/ IRAN //MSNCVG / 120955Z - 121200Z / 121400Z - 121730Z / - / - //RMKS /TASKUNIT / 1SOPS / FALCON AFB / CO //MSNDAT / FLT17 /

SPACE TASKING ORDERVisibility intospace vehicle taskings

Space situationawareness

Enhanced Situation AwarenessEnhanced Situation Awareness

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Traditional System Integration and Interoperability

Systems are connected to each other– With dedicated circuits, or– With preplanned message interchanges for each

pairwise system-to-system connection– The “Requirements, Specifications, and Contracts”

make it so. (and the funding supports it this way…)

Info source Info consumer

An existing(or new)System

Anotherexisting(or new)System

Communications pipe

K-15

C2 Vision - Building the “ic2.com”Basic Tenets Of C2 Acquisition

• Architecture-based- Architectures provide structure that guide the development

• Simulation-based acquisition (SBA)- Use of integrated simulations built around executable architectures and related

tools provides a systematic approach to analyzing AND realizing the ic2.com

• Distributed test bed environment- Provides hardware and software environment that enables a consistent approach

to implementing and realizing the preceding elements

• Integration/interoperability-focused- Changes acquisition emphasis from technology development and maturation

• Evolutionary acquisition/spiral development-enabled- Implies a change in business processes from waterfall practices of past to

commercial industry practices of present and future

• Capability-focused- Changes focus from systems and programs to operations and capabilities

• Experiment-driven- Experiments enable operator/developer/contractor interaction in an manner that

encourages innovative approaches to operational problems

K-16

C2 Vision

The integrated and interoperable C2 capability will be web-like using the integration of commercial IT systems and DOD-developed systems,including the incorporation of legacy systems

IC2 Infrastructure Initiative

Integrated C2 & ISR Goal

Single Enterprise Wide Architecture, SharedApplications and Common Infrastructure

Independent Systems withMultiple Architectures,

Applications and Infrastructures

Future

Yesterday

AMC IPS

Granite Sentry

AFMSS

CIS

WCCS

Infrastructure

CTAPS

CommonInfrastructure

Combat OpsApps.

Space OpsApps.

Combat SupportApps.

ISRApps.

Mobility C 2Apps.

OtherApps.

Common Infrastructure Increases Interoperability and Affordability

K-17C2 VisionThe Infrastructure Model

IC2 Infrastructure Initiative

Applications and Infrastructure(The Objective)

Common Communications Environment and Shared Physical Plant

Common Data Environment

Common Operating Environment

Info

rmat

ion

Man

agem

ent

Info

rmat

ion

Secu

rity

Combat OpsApps.

Space OpsApps.

Combat SupportApps.

ISRApps.

Mobility C2Apps.

OtherApps.

(storage, printing, workstations, . . .)

0 Process/Display Units(workstation clients, servers, . . .)

0 Shared Devices

0 Common Media(CD ROM, Tape, . . .)

0 Connectors(DB25, Cannon Plug, . . .)

0

Shared Physical Plant

0 Kernel

- Desktop

- Security

- SYSADMIN0 Infrastructure Services

- Sys/Net Admin

- Multimedia

- DB access/utilities

- Data presentation

0 Support applications

- Mapping

- Messaging

- COP

-

Common Operating EnvShared Services

-

Intrusion Detection

Key Manag’t Services

-

- Intelligent agents

0 Wide Area Networks (WAN)

0 Local Area Networks (LAN)

0 Complex Circuits(Video w/audio)

0 Simple ConnectivityCircuits(serial, SCSI, . . .)

0 Mux/Routers/Bridges

0 Switches/Radio/Crypto

Common Comm Env

0

0 SATCOM (Ground, Air…)

0

Firewalls

0 Physical Data Mgmt

0 Shared Data Access

0 Metadata Mgmt

0 Repository and Tools

0 Domain Mgmt

0 DatabaseEngineering/Migration

Common Data Env

Publish & Subscribe

0 Secure Data Storage andMetadata Mgmt

0

0

The common infrastructure will be layered with information assurance embedded at all levels

Parts of the infrastructure exist but much remains to be created

K-18

Infrastructure(Component View)

(storage, printing, workstations, . . .)

0 Process/Display Units(workstation clients, servers, . . .)

0 Shared Devices

0 Common Media(CD ROM, Tape, . . .)

0 Connectors(DB25, Cannon Plug, . . .)

0

Shared Physical Plant

0 Wide Area Networks (WAN)

0 Local Area Networks (LAN)

0 Complex Circuits(Video w/audio)

0 Simple ConnectivityCircuits(serial, SCSI, . . .)

0 Mux /Routers/Bridges

0 Switches/Radio/ Crypto

Common Comm Env

0

0 SATCOM (Ground, Air…)

0

Firewalls

0 Physical Data Mgmt

0 Shared Data Access

0 Metadata Mgmt

0 Repository and Tools

0 Domain Mgmt

0 DatabaseEngineering/Migration

Common Data Env

Publish & Subscribe

0 Secure Data Storage and Metadata Mgmt

0

0

0 Enterprise Mgmt

Distributed Computing

Development Toolkits

Web Services

Office Automation

Messaging

COP

Common Operating EnvShared Services

Intrusion Detection

Key Manag’t Services

Mail Security

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Collaboration0

0

0

0

Alerts

0

Common Communications Environment (CCE)

Shared Physical Plant

Common Data Environment (CDE)

Info

rmat

ion

Man

agem

ent

Space OpsApps

Combat OpsApps

Combat SupportApps

ISRApps

OtherApps

MobilityApps

Common Operating Environment (COE)

Info

rmat

ion

Ass

ura

nce

K-19

C2 VisionInformation Management = Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI)

Basic “Infosphere” concept• A core product (broker) will offer

essential services for the ic2.com• Existing systems can be made

interoperable by adhering to theprinciples of the “Infosphere”…

The Global Grid

‘Infosphere’ essential services(A core capability enabling

Information Management among systems)

An existing(or new)System

(Come as you are…almost)

Anotherexisting(or new)System

(Come as you are…almost)

Info source Info consumer

IM Policy Maker

Information management in the ic2.com will be accomplished through the JBI

Implementation of the JBI is beginning and requires the participationof the entire C2 community

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Infosphere Enabling Concepts:

Publish what you know… (to an information broker)

Subscribe/Query what you want to know…(to a broker)

Let a broker do the job of associating/pairing subscriptions with

publishing

Use Global Grid as the underpinning communications media

– Inform GG of info flow, quality of service, etc. priorities

– Let circuits, bandwidth, AJ protection, reliability of

communications, etc. be administered by GG

The implications… the implications…of implementing these concepts are for you to think about

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The JBI is a system of systems that integrates, aggregates, & distributes information to users at all echelons, from the command center to the battlefield.

The JBI is built on four key technologies:

Distributed collaboration– Shared, updateable

knowledge objects

Force/Unit interfaces– Templates

• Operational capability• Information inputs• Information requirements

JBI Basics

Information exchange– Publish/Subscribe

Transforming datato knowledge– “Fuselets”

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Basic “Infosphere” Concept

Web-like connectivity requires creation of the Global Grid Exploitation can be accommodated within existing direction Compatibility needs some twisting but could be accommodated Core capability requires dedicated investment…

The Global Grid

‘Infosphere’ essential services(A core capability enabling

Information Management among systems)

An existing(or new)System

(Come as you are…almost)

Anotherexisting(or new)System

(Come as you are…almost)

Info source Info consumer

IM Policy Maker

Core (fuselets)(Build some now!!)

Compatibility Protocol

(needs improvement)

Exploitation(now fielded)Connectivity

(IP it now!!)

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Communication System

Operational database

GISXML

XML

XML

Using XML in C3I Systems

XML can be used to “glue” software components together

XML is an enabling technology

K-24

Scope of Air Force Global Grid

AF GlobalGridCombat

Operations

Combat Support

Operations

MobilityOperations

IntelligenceOperations

Allclassification

levels

SpaceOperations

K-25

Remote Net Manager

Global connectivity based on SATCOM, radio and terrestrial backbone

- One network - Integrated digital services- Adaptable, scaleable- Mobile infrastructure- Robust, protected- Self-managed

TacticalNetworked

Radio

Voice/ Heads-up Display

Wing Operations Center

DataData

VideoVideo

VoiceVoice

Rem

ote

Net

Man

ager

Air Operations Center

VoiceVoice

Data SystemData System

VideoVideoR

emo

te Net M

anag

er

Network Access Manager

a

TacticalNetworked

Radio

Voice/ Heads-up Display

TacticalNetworked

Radio

Global Grid Network Centric Vision

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Integrated Architecture

Not Interoperable

Not In Accordance with the Architecture

INT

EG

RA

TI

INT

EG

RA

TIO

NO

N

ESC/CXESC/CX

Modeling &Simulation

Modeling &Simulation

C2Build/Deploy

InteroperableSystem

IntegratedArchitecture

INT

ER

OP

ER

AB

LE

INT

ER

OP

ER

AB

LE

Modeling &Simulation

Modeling &Simulation

JEFXJEFX

ESC/CXESC/CX

CUBECUBE

Interoperable Systems

Seamless C2

OperationalArchitecture

SystemsArchitecture

AC2ISRC

User

SPOs/Industry

Inputs

(OA)

(SA)

Ic2.com Development Process

K-27

Future C2ISR Operations

Global Grid

Processing & Exploitation Centers

Weapon Systems

C2 Centers

Sensors

Aerospace WarriorsAerospace WarriorsAerospace WarriorsAerospace Warriors

• Interoperability - wider range of partners• Time - reduced planning / execution times• Reachback - “virtual staffs” augment theater• Information - increased access and availability• Precision information as well as weapons

21st Century Operating Environment

ARCH-BASED

The DoD C2 EnterpriseThe DoD C2 Enterprise (REALIZING JV2010)(REALIZING JV2010)

INTEGRATED INTEGRATED COMMAND & CONTROLCOMMAND & CONTROL

DEFENSE AGENCIESUSN

AG

ILE C

MB

T

SU

PPO

RT

PR

EC

I SIO

N

EN

GA

GE

ME

NT

RA

PID

GL O

BA

L

M

OB

ILIT

Y

INF O

RM

ATIO

N

SU

PE

RIO

RIT

Y

USMCUSAUSAF

AIR & SPACE POWERAIR & SPACE POWER

AEROSPACE C2 CAPSTONE ARCHITECTURE

INNOVATIVE EXPBLK RELEASE/SPIRAL EVOL

AN EVOLVING

IC2S

EXECUTION ROADMAPS

COALITION

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