Aims of the Course a. Vocabulary b. Paraphrase c. Structure d. Style e. Rhetoric

Aims of the Course

a. Vocabulary b. Paraphrase c. Structure d. Style e. Rhetoric

Lesson Two

Objectives of Teaching

1. To comprehend the whole text

2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions

3. To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences

4. To understand the structure of the text

5. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.

Important and difficult points: 1. The comprehension and appreciation of

the new words and expressions .

2. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress.

3. Some useful expressions such as to dissuade sb. from doing , in spite of…, and etc.

Background Information

Sir Francis Chichester (17September 1901 – 26 August 1972), aviator and sailor, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for becoming the first person to sail single-handed around the world by the clipper route, and the fastest circumnavigator, in nine months and one day overall.

Background Information

World Map

Global Analysis

His adventures

Time1931

Aug 1966

1959

12 Dec

Won the 1st solo transatlantic sailing raceBegan the greatest voyage

Tried to fly round the world

Deeds

28 May

29 Jan

Arrived back in England

Set off from Australia

Arrived in Australia

2. Global analysis

Part division

Main IdeasParas

Parts

1 1-2

2 3-8

3 9

His decision to sail round the world alone

The accomplishment of his great voyage

The significance of his great voyage

. Global analysis

His adventures

Time1931

Aug 1966

1959

12 Dec

Won the 1st solo transatlantic sailing raceBegan the greatest voyage

Tried to fly round the world

Deeds

28 May

29 Jan

Arrived back in England

Set off from Australia

Arrived in Australia

Detailed Study of the Text

1. single-handed : done by one person without help f

rom others(used either as an adverb or as an adjective),

e.g.

-He runs the restaurant single-handed.

-My father translated this novel into English by his sin

gle-handed efforts.

Detailed 2. At sixty-five Francis Chichester set out to

sail single-handed round the world. 1 set out: to begin a course of action, start, e.g. -There being no bus, they had to set out on foot. -set out on a journey round the world ( 动身周游世界 )

3.Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Fra

ncis Chichester had already surprised his friends seve

ral times:

Before he traveled round the earth alone by ship, Fran

cis Chichester had already made his friends surprised

for a couple of times.


4. He had tried to fly round the world but failed.

fail: (vi.) ① be unsuccessful, become weak or exhausted, e.g. -She failed in everything she tried. -He has been failing in health/eyesight/hearing in the past few years.

fail: (vt.)② unable to do sth; disappoint; do not pass an exam, e.g. -Li Haoyu failed to pass CET Band 4. -Words failed me.


5. He gave up flying. ① give up:

i. stop having or doing; abandon hope for sth. Or the attempt to do sth., e.g.

-We should not give up halfway.

-His pulse was so weak that the doctor gave him up for dead. ii. surrender, part with, e.g.

-Give up your arms and live. -Finally the criminal gave himself up to the police station.



6. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan: However he

made up his mind to sail round the world alone.

① determined: with one's mind firmly made up, e.g.

-The government is determined to further the reform.

② carry out: fulfill or perform (one's promise, plan, etc.), e.g.

-We all have certain duties and obligations to carry out.

-It has been known to all that these attacks were carried out by the t

errorists led by Ben Laden.

7. In August, 1966, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he be

gan the greatest voyage of his life.

① retire

i. give up one's job because of old age, stop working at one's job, profession, -In Ch

ina, workers usually retire at 60, but his father retired at the age of 65.

ii. (fml) go to bed, e.g.

-The writer usually retires at midnight.

-There being 6 periods tomorrow, let's retire early tonight.

iii. go away; withdraw, e.g.

-Being severely criticized by his manager, he retired to his own office slowly and q

uietly.

-Each side retired 10 miles from the frontier.


iv. retire into oneself: become silent because one is thinking ( 沉思不语 )

② voyage: (n.) sea journey; (v.) go on a sea journey, e.g. -This letter was written on Hemingway's voyage from the US to Paris. -The seaman has almost voyaged around the world. Note: The word "journey" usually refers to going to a distant place on the land. "Travel" is a general word, which means going to a distant place, by air, sea or car. The word "trip" usually refers to a pleasure excursion, as in "a honeymoon trip", "a weekend trip to the New Summer Palace in Zhuhai".



8. Chichester followed the route of the great

nineteenth century clipper ships: Chichester s

ailed along the route by which the great clipp

er ships in the nineteenth century sailed.


Note: Clipper ships were fast sailing vessels used in

the China tea trade in the nineteenth century. The great

age of the clipper ship was from 1845 to 1860. Speed was

demanded in the China tea trade and also for the fast

delivery of cargoes to San Francisco and Melbourne

during the California and Australian gold rushes. Clippers

fell out of use as freight rates declined and steam ships

provided competition.


Some record clipper passages: -Liverpool to New York, 15 days -Hongkong to New York, 74 days. -New York to San Francisco, 89 days.

9. But the clippers had had plenty of crew. Chichest

er did it all by himself.

① plenty of: (followed by either a countable or an u

ncountable noun) a large quantity or number of, e.g.

-We've got plenty of time to get there.

-There are plenty of empty bottles/fresh fruits in the

house.


② (all) by oneself: completely alone; with

out any help, e.g.

-According to the test requirement, everyon

e must do/finish the paper all by himself or

herself.


10. Chichester covered 14,100 miles before stopping in Sydney, Australia: Before stopping in Sydney, Australia for a rest, he had already traveled 14,100 miles.

① cover: vt. i. travel (a certain distance), e.g. -By sunset we had covered 45 miles/2 provinces by car.

ii. include; comprise -His researches cover a wide field.



11.He must not go any further.

Note: Quite a few students are confused about the

difference between "mustn't" and "needn't/don't h

ave to". In fact, "mustn't" expresses an obligation

not to do something (or tells people not to do st

h.) while "needn't/don't have to" is used to say the

re is no obligation.

Compare the following examples:

-You mustn't move any of the books on the shelf. (The

speaker tells you not to move the books.)

-You needn't/don't have to come tomorrow if you do

n't want to. (There is no obligation for you to come.)


12. He did not listen:

He did not pay any attention to/He was not i

nfluenced by what others said.


13. After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off

once more in spite of his friends' attempt to dissuade him.

① rest on

-Her hand rested lightly on his shoulder.

ii. depend on

-His decision to sail west rested on the belief that the world is r

ound.



② set off: begin a journey, start, e.g.

-They set off for Shantou at dawn.

Note: Set off may also mean “start (sth. Such as an action) happening 引起 , 引发

-Careless handling of international relations can set off a war.

14. ③ in spite of/despite: regardless of; not caring about -They went out in spite of the storm.

④ dissuade from: persuade (somebody) against (something or doing something), prevent sb. from doing sth. By giving reasons, e.g. -Peter's father tried to dissuade him from marrying Mary. -We failed to dissuade him from leaving school.


15. The second half of his voyage was by

far the more dangerous part, during whic

h he sailed round the treacherous Cape H

orn: The second half of his voyage was m

uch more dangerous than the first, durin

g the second half of his voyage he travele

d round the dangerous Cape Horn.


① by far: by a large amount or degree (usually used

to modify a superlative or comparative degree

adjective or adverb), e.g.

-Girls' pronunciation is by far clearer than boys'

-By far the shortest way to get there is to cross this

river.

-This is by far the better of the two.


② Cape Horn: a steep headland at the south

of Horn Island, Chile, generally considered

the southernmost point of South America. All

the water between South America and the

Antarctic Ocean is squeezed through this

narrow, shallow gap. Sometimes, the waves

there may be as high as 50 feet.


16. sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over.

so … that …: to/in such a degree ①that …,

e.g. -He walked so fast that we couldn't catch up with him.


② turn over i. (cause to) fall over or upset, reverse in position by bringing the bottom to the top or vice versa, e.g. -Having drunk a lot, he turned over in bed from time to time, unable to fall asleep. -The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.


ii. turn a page, turn to a new page

-The boy was not really reading, just turning

over the pages.

iii. think about, consider sth.

-I turned the idea over for a couple of weeks b

efore replying.

-He has turned the matter over in his mind.


17. Fortunately, the damage to the boat was not too s

erious.

fortunately: luckily ①

damage: (n.) harm, loss; (vt.) cause harm to, e.g. ②

-We must find ways to repair the damage

-Hurricane Cammile did great damage to the crops.

-Hurricane Cammile damaged thousands of homes.



18. Still, he could not help thinking …

Can not help (doing): can not keep oneself from


After succeeding in sailing round Cape Ho

rn, …

① succeed in (doing) sth: be successful in (d

oing) sth., e.g.

-He succeeded in whatever he undertook.

-Only after they had performed hundreds of e

xperiments did they succeed in solving the pr

oblem.


19.I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again.

① I feel as if I had wakened from a

nightmare.

Note: Pay attention to the fact that in the subordinat

e clause directed by "as if", the subjunctive mood is

being used. Besides, Chichester is comparing his adv

enture of sailing round Cape Horn and the Southern

Ocean to a nightmare, and the Southern Ocean to a s

inister.


"Wild horses could not drag me" is a common metaphor

used to mean that nothing, no matter how strong, could make

you do something, e.g.

-Wild horses could not drag the secret from my lips.

-Wild horses could not have dragged me away from the

exciting film. (Nothing could have made me leave.)


Knight

knighthood

knighthood ceremony


Knights were the highest class of fighting men in

Europe during the Middle Ages. There were

other classes of fighting men, such as the lowly

foot soldiers. But the knights, who fought on

horseback, were the aristocrats of the battlefield.

The great heroes of the time, both in history and

in fact, were knights. By the year 1500 the time

of the knight as fighting man was over. Hired

foot soldiers replaced the mounted knight



knighthood did not die out altogether. Today in

Great Britain, knighthood is an honorary award given

to outstanding people in recognition of some

remarkable work they have done. A man with the

rank of knight is called "Sir" (prefixed to his whole

name or given name, but not to his surname alone),

and his wife, "Lady". A woman with the same rank is

called "Dame".

Knighthood ceremony: The King or Queen takes the sword of the person being honored or borrows one from someone present at the ceremony. The person about to be knighted kneels at one knee and bows his head respectfully in front of the King or Queen. The King or Queen touches with the sword first the left shoulder of the person bowing before him or her then the right shoulder and finally the top of the bowed head. While doing this the King or queen says, "We dub thee Sir




very: adj. (used for emphasis, used for giving force to an expression) sam

e; identical, e.g

. -Those were his very words. ( 那些是他的原话 .)

-It is his very cleverness that makes it difficult for her to work with other co

lleagues.

-This is the very pen he used when Earnest Hemmingway wrote his masterpiece "the Ol

d man and Sea".


Sir Francis Drake(1540-96)

English naval explorer, once the vice-admiral( 海军上将 ) o

f the British Navy. After several slave-trading expeditions to

West Africa and the Spanish Main (1566-73), he sailed roun

d the globe in the Golden Hind (1577-80). He managed to ti

e down the Spanish Armada by raiding Cadiz (1587), and he

lped defeat the Spanish attempt to invade England(1588). T

o historians, he is a controversial figure. The British regard

him as a national hero while many in other countries think o

f him as pirate( 海盗 ).



20.the first time Note: it is/will be the (one's) first/second … time that;

it was the (one's) first/second … time that; it is high/about time that

21. Like many other adventurers, Chichester had experienced fear

and conquered it.

① experience: undergo, go through

② conquer: defeat; overcome,

e.g.

-More and more people have come to realize that we must not c

onquer nature, but we should make good use of it, instead.



22.In doing so, he had undoubtedly learn

something about himself: In experiencing

fear and conquering it, had undoubtedly

learned a great deal about his own

strengths and weaknesses when faced with

anticipated and unanticipated hardships.

23. undoubtedly: certainly, e.g.

-Undoubtedly, many families benefit a lot from the newly-adopted housing reform policy.



Note: beyond doubt, undoubtedly, doubtless, no

doubt, beyond doubt, without doubt 与 undoub

tedly 都表示非常肯定的语气 , 即 " 无疑地 ". D

oubtless 语气最弱 , 可以译作 " 很可能 ". 如 :

You are doubtless right. 你很可能是对的 . No d

oubt

的语气也较弱 , 可当作 " 相必 " 讲 , 如 :No do

ubt you can think of other ways

Summary of the Text

Sir Francis Chichester was a British adventure

r. In 1931, he tried to fly round the world but fa

iled. Years later he decided to sail round the wo

rld alone. His friends and doctors thought he co

uldn't do it, because he had lung cancer. In 196

6, at the age of nearly 65, he began to sail round

the world by following the route of the nineteen

th century clipper ships.

He arrived in Australia on Dec. 12, 1966. The Australians and his family, who had flown there, welcomed him. Everyone said he had done enough and he mustn't go any further. But he didn't listen. Two nights after he left Australia to resume his voyage, the sea became so rough and the boat almost turned over, but the damage to the boat wasn't serious. He returned to England on May 28, 1967. He had covered 28,000 miles in 9 months by sailing round the world alone in a small boat.

Summary of the Text

Retired pay 退休金；养老金

Air crew 机组人员

Dissuade from 劝阻某人

Bicycle cape 自行车雨披

Adventure playground 儿童游乐场

Put sb to the sword 处死

Knight of the pen 文人；记者；抄写员

Useful Expressions

4. Picture talk

①

⑤④

③②

5. Inspiring quotations

1. Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者，事竟成。

3. Perseverance is vital to success.

毅力为成功所必需。

2. No cross, no crown.

成功来之不易。4. Success doesn’t come easy.

不吃苦中苦，难为人上人。

1. After succeeding in landing on George

Island, the captain sent a radio message to the

headquarter.

2. He is determined to continue his experiment

but this time he’ll do it another way.

3. Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and

we took him there at once.

Translation Practice

5. We didn’t think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it.

6. Even after his doctor told him he had lung cancer, Chichester would not give up his old dream of sailing round the world.

7. I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flower show.

Translation Practice

Review

Preview

Recitation

Fast reading

Dictation

Learning journal

Homework

End

That’s the end! Thanks!

Documents

Aims of the Course a. Vocabulary b. Paraphrase c. Structure d. Style e. Rhetoric