Aim: To know how dolly the sheep was cloned and to explain the advantages and disadvantages of embryo transplants.

Cloning and Dolly the Sheepc/w Date

Do now: What is your opinion on cloning – right or wrong? Write down your answer.

Success Criteria:C: State what is meant by cloningB: Describe how animals can be cloned by the processes of embryo transplants and adult cell cloning A: Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of embryo transplants and adult cell cloning

Key Words: Clone, DNA, egg, nucleus, fusion, variation, gene pool, transplant, disease

Key Word Taboo!Work in pairs or threes•DON’T LOOK AT THE CARDS!• Divide the cards equally between your group• You may look at your own cards• In your groups, take it in turns to give your partner/team mates clues for the key word at the top.• You may not say any part of the key word• You may not use actions•The person with the most cards at the end wins the game

What is Cloning?

• Cloning is a method of producing genetically-identical organisms.

• This can happen in plants and animals.• There are 3 methods:

- tissue culture- embryo transplants- fusion cell and adult cell cloning

Embryo Transplants

Usually a farmer will only breed from the BEST cows and bulls (this is called selective breeding).

But this is limited – HOW?

You only get one new offspring each year!

This is where Embryo Transplants come in…

Embryo Transplants• Sperm taken from Prize Bull• Checked for genetic defects• Checked for gender• FROZEN for later use

•Prize cows are given hormones to produce a large number of eggs•Embryos checked for defects•Fertilized by the sperm from prize bull•Embryos are split to form clones and implanted into other cows where they grow

Embryo TransplantsComplete the descriptions on the diagram of the process of embryo transplants

Extension: Suggest the advantages and disadvantages of embryo transplants compared to selective breeding

Embryo Transplants – Self Assess!

Advantages

In your tables – discuss & write down any advantages of this process you can think of

2 minutes

Advantages

In your tables – discuss & write down any advantages of this process you can think of

Advantages

• Hundreds of ideal offspring every year

• Original prize cow produces eggs all year round

Disadvantages

In your tables – discuss & write down any disadvantages of this process you can think of

2 minutes

Disadvantages

In your tables – discuss & write down any disadvantages of this process you can think of

Disadvantages

• A reduced ‘gene pool’ - vulnerability to new diseases as they all have identical genes• Moral issues?

Dolly the Sheephttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkZV7hl-kXE

'Dolly the sheep' was the first mammal to be cloned using adult cell cloning (nuclear transfer). She was born in the UK in 1996, and died in 2003. During her life, Dolly gave birth to a total of 6 lambs.

How was Dolly created?Adult Cell Cloning

Adult Cell Cloning1. A body cell is taken from the sheep to be cloned and the

nucleus taken out and saved.2. Next, an egg cell is taken from ANOTHER sheep. Again,

the nucleus is removed but this time thrown away.3. The nucleus from the cell of the first sheep is inserted into

the empty egg cell from the second sheep. 4. This egg cell now works like a normal fertilised egg. It is

stimulated with an electric shock and divides in a dish to form an embryo.

5. Once it forms a small embryo, it is inserted into the uterus of a surrogate mother.

6. The embryo develops normally and is born a clone of the very first sheep. This was how Dolly was made!

Watch the model!

Let’s Check our Progress!Create a story board describing the process of adult cell cloning using the example of Dolly the Sheep – Use the diagrams and sentence starters to help you.

Extension: Analyse what you think might be the advantages and disadvantages of adult cell cloning

10 mins

Peer Assess!Use the mark scheme to give your partner a Grade, using the success criteria to help you

Success Criteria:C: State what is meant by cloningB: Describe how animals can be cloned by the processes of embryo transplants and adult cell cloning A: Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of embryo transplants and adult cell cloning

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk6taQ-rt2g

Ethics

Watch the clip and note down the ethical issues surrounding cloning. What do the RSPCA think? This will be used for your next task!

You work for a newspaper in 1996 and Ian Wilmut (Dolly’s creator) has just announced that Dolly, the world’s first cloned animal has been born.

Task: Write a newspaper article for The Harris Times reporting Wilmut’s breakthrough

Success Criteria: •Describe the importance of the creation of Dolly (C)•Explain the process by which Dolly (and other clones) are created in

adult cell cloning (B)L6b)•Evaluate the positive and negative implications of this breakthrough,

and who it will affect (A) •Extension: Consider the impact that adult cell cloning will have in the

future (A*)

10 mins

Peer Assess!Use the marking grid to give your partner a

level – you must justify the reason for

giving that level3 mins

Plenary – What Grade have you reached?

Use the success criteria to justify the grade that you have reached. What could be done to ensure you exceed your

target?

Success Criteria:C: State what is meant by cloningB: Describe how animals can be cloned by the processes of embryo transplants and adult cell cloning A: Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of embryo transplants and adult cell cloning