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AI/ES(Artificial Intelligence / Expert System)
Visual Prolog: Part 4
2012. Fall.SME., Pukyong Nat’l Univ.
Kim, Minsoo
Contents• Classes and Objects• Classes and Modules• Holding Objects
Classes and Objects• The world of object orientation
– The world consists of identifiable objects.• Person, Cat, Dog, …
– An object has certain characteristics(attributes).• Person: name, length, weight, iq, …
– Objects can do something (tasks).• Operations / methods• Person: run, smile, talk, …
– The set of objects with the same operations and attributes class• Jack, Linda, John, … Person
– Objects are related to each other.
Classes and Objects• Class vs. Object
– Class: User-Defined Type(Domain)• Template for object creation new()
constructor• Manager for member object class
predicates/facts– Instance Object: created individual thing
• With different identity• With same attributes and methodsPerson
NumberOfPerson
NameAgeLengthWeight
"John", 85, 185, 110
"Thomas", 78, 190, 150
"Anna", 65, 175, 130
"Lidy", 55, 160, 123
NumberOfPerson = 4
Classes and Objects• OOP in Visual Prolog
– Class file(*.cl): declaration of public method• class-wide predicates and facts
– Interface file(*.i): declaration of public method• Instance object’s predicates and facts
– Prolog file (*.pro): actual implementation• Actual implementation of public method• Private method declaration and
implementation
Person
NumberOfPerson
NameAgeLengthWeight
getNumberOfPerson()…
getName()setName(string Name)…
getNumberOfPerson() :- …getName() :- …setName(string Name) :- …
person.cl
person.i person.pro
Classes and Objects• Create a project ‘ch08class’
– Add ‘person’ class to the project• Check ‘Create Interface’
Classes and Objects• Build up ‘person’ class
– In the ‘person.i‘ file, add 2 predicates
– Add constructor to the ‘person.cl’ file
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person type
Classes and Objects– Add implementation to ‘person.pro’ file,
Build!+
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lowercase identifier
constructormember assignment
Classes and Objects– Add menu/menu-item and connect
• TaskMenu.mnu Object/CreatObject• TaskWindow.win onObjectCreateObject
Classes and Objects• Build / Try
– Press <F5> if there’s an error.
Classes and Objects• Add Dialog to create ‘person’ object
– Create a package named ‘uiForms’– Create ‘createPerson’ dialog under
uiForms
Classes and Objects– Edit ‘createPerson‘ dialog– Add ClickResponder to createObject_ctl
name_ctl createObject_ctl
Classes and Objects– In the TaskWindow.win change the code
in ‘onObjectCreateObject’ clause
Classes and Objects– add a line to constructor in ‘person.pro’
file.
• Build Run
Classes and Objects• Add class predicate to person class
– Declare class predicate at the ‘person.cl’ file.
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Classes and Objects– Add implementation to ‘person.pro’
Run!+
Classes and Modules• Module: non-object constructing class
– Just a collection of class predicates.• No interface file is created for module.
• Add ‘output.cl’ class to the project.– Uncheck ‘Create Interface’ option
Classes and Modules– Add predicate to ‘output.cl’ file.
• No type definition in the ‘output.cl’ file.
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No type for output
Overloading,Polymorphism
Classes and Modules– Add implementation to ‘output.pro’ file.
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Classes and Modules– Change constructor in the ‘person.pro’
file.
• Build / Run!
Holding Objects• Garbage Collection
– Unreferenced object’s memory is reclaimed.
– Keep the object reference for it being reachable.
• Add 3 more menu options
Holding Objects– Edit ‘person.pro’ file.
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Holding Objects– Edit ‘person.pro’ file. (continued)
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Holding Objects– Add declaration to ‘person.i’ file.
• Build / Run!– Test ‘Create Object’ menu item.
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Holding Objects• Complete menu items
– Add class predicate to ‘person.cl’ file.
Holding Objects– Add implementation to ‘person.pro’ file.
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showAllPersons() :- stdIO::write("These are the persons in the database.\n"), showAllObjects(createdObjects).
class predicates showAllObjects : (person* CreatedObjects).clauses showAllObjects([Head | Tail]) :- stdIO::write("Name: ", Head:getName(), " with Number: ", Head:getNumber()), stdIO::nl, !, showAllObjects(Tail). showAllObjects([]).
Holding Objects– Add connection to menu items
• TaskWindow.win ‘Show All’ and ‘Show Single’
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predicates onObjectShowAll : window::menuItemListener.clauses onObjectShowAll(_Source, _MenuTag) :- person::showAllPersons().
predicates onObjectShowSingle : window::menuItemListener.clauses onObjectShowSingle(_Source, _MenuTag) :- person::getAllNames(NamesList), b_true = vpiCommonDialogs::listSelect("Select a name", NamesList, 0, Name, _Index), !, person::showSinglePerson(Name). onObjectShowSingle(_Source, _MenuTag) :- !.
Holding Objects– Add declaration to ‘person.cl’ file.
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Holding Objects– Add implementation to ‘person.pro’ file.
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clauses getAllNames(NamesList) :- getNames(createdObjects, NamesList).
class predicates getNames : (person* CreatedObjects, string* NamesList) procedure (i, o).clauses getNames(ObjectsList, NamesList) :- [Head | Tail] = ObjectsList, !, Name = Head:getName(), getNames(Tail, TailNamesList), NamesList = [Name | TailNamesList]. getNames([], []) :- !.
Holding Objects– Add implementation to ‘person.pro’ file.
(cont)+
clauses showSinglePerson(Name) :- getData(Name, createdObjects, Number), !, stdIO::write("You have selected: ", Name, " with number: ", Number), stdIO::nl. showSinglePerson(_Name).
class predicates getData : (string Name, person* ObjectsList, unsigned Number) determ (i, i, o).clauses getData(Name, ObjectsList, Number) :- [Head | Tail] = ObjectsList, Name <> Head:getName(), !, getData(Name, Tail, Number). getData(_Name, ObjectsList, Number) :- [Head | _] = ObjectsList, Number = Head:getNumber().
Holding Objects– Add code for ‘Delete Object’ menu item.
• TaskWindow.win onObjectDeleteObject
clauses onObjectDeleteObject(_Source, _MenuTag) :- person::getAllNames(NamesList), b_true = vpiCommonDialogs::listSelect("Select a name", NamesList, 0, Name, _Index), !, person::deletePerson(Name). onObjectDeleteObject(_, _).
Holding Objects– Add declaration to ‘person.cl’ file.
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Holding Objects– Add implementation to ‘person.pro’ file.
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clauses deletePerson(Name) :- [Object | Tail] = createdObjects, Name = Object:getName(), !, createdObjects := Tail, stdIO::write("Person ", Name, " has been deleted.\n"). deletePerson(Name) :- [Object | Tail] = createdObjects, createdObjects := Tail, deletePerson(Name), !, createdObjects := [Object | createdObjects]. deletePerson(_).
Holding Objects• Rebuild All Run!
