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“AIDS is gone. That’s what they think” (Female Participant, FGD ). College and University youth in Botswana share their thoughts on HIV, risk, behaviours, needs and interventions. Botswana Context Overview. Current Population: 2 038 228 HIV prevalence is 17.6% for the general population - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Education Changes the World
“AIDS is gone. That’s what they think”
(Female Participant, FGD)
College and University youth in Botswana share their thoughts on HIV, risk, behaviours, needs and interventions
Education Changes the World
Botswana Context Overview
• Current Population: 2 038 228• HIV prevalence is 17.6% for the general
population• Estimated incidence rate is 2.7%• 2002 – Free ARVs to all citizens
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Project Rationale: teAIDS Context in 2009
• Gap in interventions, policies, access to services etc.
• Generation who has never known a life without HIV
• Youth milestones/characteristics• “College Life”• Prevalence and Incidence
Education Changes the World
Education Changes the World
12.3% existing prevalence + possible 20% incid. = 32.3%
Education Changes the World
Generation who has
never lived a day
without HIV
Tertiary Life
Normal Adolescent Stress and Milestones
Gaps in Policies,
Intervention &
Access
Existing Prevalenc
e Rate
Incidence Rate
The Perfect Storm
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teAIDS Study – Purpose and ObjectivesPurpose:
Obtain a current, comprehensive and evidence-based snapshot of student’s knowledge, needs, opinions, access and behaviours, as well as to gain understanding of current prevention and support services being offered to students.
Objectives:• Appreciate students knowledge of HIV and how this
impacts/does not impact their behaviour • Determine how students have been impacted by HIV
and how this impacts/does not impact their behaviour• Provide students with a medium to identify their own
needs in terms of support and prevention –what is relevant and needed by them?
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Research Process Overview• Literature Review• Exploratory Institutional Workshops (Institutional
Head, HIV Coordinator, Student Health Rep/SRC President) for input into process, tools, best practices etc
• teAIDS Stakeholder Reference Team• Inception Document, Proposal and Tools• Ethical Considerations
– Health and Research Development Council, Institution and Student Permissions
– Confidentiality Clause, Consent Forms, Offer of Counselling
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Data Collection Tools, Units of Research, etcUnits of Research
Tools Quantity
Institution Site Visit 34Staff Self Administered Knowledge
Surveys231
Semi-Structured Interviews 237Students Self-Administered
Knowledge Surveys4312
Self-Administered, semi-structured Behaviour, Attitude, Experience and Impact Surveys
4312
Focus Groups 28
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Methodology• Self-administered surveys to 10% of
student body (n=4312)• Classes were randomly selected • Surveys contained 82 questions
(qualitative and quantitative) • Focus groups were conducted• Trained administrators & facilitators• Participation was voluntary and
anonymous• Counselling was offered
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Socio-Demographic Information Student Participants
Age
Sex Year of Study
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RESULTS
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Behaviours and Attitudes• 73% of students are currently in
relationships• 83% have engaged in sexual
intercourse.• 54% of students know their status
–Of the students who do not know their status, 55% are worried about their status
• 45% know the status of their partners
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Behaviours and Attitudes
• 59% said they would not have a partner who is HIV positive
• 79% said they would not have a sexual relationship with someone who is HIV positive
• 91% said they would not have a child with someone who is HIV positive
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Behaviours and Attitudes
• 45% said they had already engaged in sex without a condom
• 38% of students who were in a relationship said they thought their partner has other sexual partners
• 34% said they had not been absolutely faithful to their partners since their relationship started
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Needs and Gaps
• 51% said they have known a family member who has died of AIDS
• 8% said this person was a parent • 85% of students said they are not
tired of learning about HIV• 38% said condoms have
never been available since they arrived at school
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CONCLUSIONS & CURRENT STATUS
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Generation who has
never lived a day
without HIV
Tertiary Life
Normal Adolescent Stress and Milestones
Gaps in Policies,
Intervention &
Access
Existing Prevalenc
e Rate
Incidence Rate
The Perfect StormTertiary Youth
Behaviours, Attitudes
and Practices
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Conclusions• Irrespective of increased knowledge and impact from
AIDS deaths within their households and families while they were young children, the sexual practices that gave rise to our current HIV epidemic in Botswana persist among tertiary youth. Therefore, strategies that focus on prevention of HIV should remain paramount in any intervention.
• There is the capacity for the entire Education Sector (from pre-primary – lifelong learning) to act as a “Social Vaccine”, however the approach needs to be strategic, participatory, youth-driven, human resource intensive and sustainable.
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Current Status
• Results were disseminated to students, stakeholders etc.
• Conducted informed focus groups to create strategy
• Strategy completed• Proposal for funding was
successful - Botswana National AIDS Prevention Support Project (BNAPS)
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Ke a leboga• Students and staff who participated in the
research• Conference organizers for seeing the value in
this research• Tertiary Education Council • World University Service of Canada• 5 fabulous Research Assistants• Colleagues and Stakeholders • Deloitte and Touche • World Bank and National AIDS Coordinating
Agency
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It’s 100% good without using a condom, you can even think about it after sometime, ok? (male participant, FGD)
The people who spread the messages should try something new…Youth just believe that taking the ARVS and you will be safe…What they think is that when you go onto ARVS you will never get sick…AIDS is gone. That’s what they
think. (female participant, FGD)
We always hope for better things to happen in our lives.(female participant, FGD)