Upload
dci-ag
View
243
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Â
Citation preview
THE ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR in Spain
July 2008
Environmental sector
• The market is worth 10,820 million €
= 3.2% of world market
= 8.9% of EU market
= 1.6% of Spanish GDP
• 2,000 empresas – mostly SMEs
• Technology:
88% - proprietary
12% - imported from Europa, principally Germany
• 250,000 jobs – mostly highly qualified
(11 universities and business schools offer specialisedenvironmental courses)
Waste treatment
Waste treatment in Spain
• Responsibility for waste collection in Spain lies with the municipal authorities
• Responsibility for waste treatment lies with the regional authorities
• MSW – 2006 generation: 1.38 kg/inhabitant/day
treatment: 11.5% of total Spanish MSW wasrecycled or composted. The remaining 88.5% wasincinerated or landfilled
- 10 incineration plants
- 187 landfills
• Hazardous waste – estimated >5m tons/year generated
• Construction and demolition waste – estimated 37 tons in 2007
• Plastic waste – Spain uses 27% of all agricultural plastic in theEU
The 17 Spanish regions
The 52 Spanish provinces
Waste treatment in Spain
Regional scene
Sources: National Statistics Institute, Regional Governments
Waste collection in SpainMunicipal scene
•Source: Consumer Eroski
Urban solid waste
Treatment systems used
Source: Ministerio de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente (2003)
2 million10Incinerators
872,00012AnaerobicDigestion
6.8 million96Composting
Capacity(t/a)
Number ofplants
Source: Ministerio de Agricultura y MedioAmbiente (2005)
28.14%
Composting
6.2%
Incineration with energy recovery
8.42%
Selective collection
3.9%Uncontrolled
landfill
53.29%
Controlledlandfill
Legislation
Legislation
• European:
• Spanish:
• Regional:
– Directive 2206/12/CE
– Basel Convention
Regulates cross-bordertransport of waste andencourages greaternational self-sufficiency
– PNIR Integrated National Waste Plan 2007-2015
– Urban Solid Waste
– Hazardous Waste
– End of life Vehicles
– End of life tyres
– Waste water sludge
– Construction andDemolition Waste
– PCB/PCT
– Used battery and storagebattery waste
– Electrical and electronicappliance waste
– Mining waste
– Agricultural plastic waste
– Non-hazardous industrialwaste
– Soil Treatment
Many regions have developedtheir own laws regarding thetreatment of certain sorts ofwaste, always within the EU and national regulatoryframeworks
Possible opportunities
Opportunities (I)Identified in the PNIR
– Increase the number of industrial treatment plants for bothMSW and hazardous waste
– Modernize technology so as to reduce the amount of wasteproduced as a side effect of current treatment methods
– Encourage alternatives to landfill
– Increase selective collection
– Introduce selective collection at source of the organic fraction of urban solid waste in order to improve the quality of compost used in soil treatment
– Classify and prepare inventory of contaminated soil areas
– Establish 165 new authorised treatment centers for end of lifevehicles
– Increase the recycling of end of life tyres (establishment ofnew treatment plants)
– Establish recovery deposits and sludge treatment plants besidewaste water treatment facilities
Opportunities (II)Identified in the PNIR
End of life tyres
End of life tyres
• 35 million tyres are discarded each year
= 300,000 tonnes:
32% are reused
17% are used in waste to energy processes
51% go to landfill
Government goal: 98% to be re-used and 50% to be used for asphalt mixes.
16 recycling plants throughout Spain
12 cement factories using waste tyres to produce energy (13 in 2008)
Water
The water sector in Spain
• Maximum reservoir capacity: 54.148 hm3
• Reserves at November 2007: 22.809 hm3
• Domestic consumption: 166 litres/inhabitant/day
• Uses
Irrigation: 62.66%
Human supply: 21.16%
Industry: 17.17%
• Costs (2004)
Total cost of water distributed €3,171 million
Investment in supply services €226 million
• >700 towns with >2,000 inhabitants with no wastewater treatment plant
Water consumption in 2005
Hm3
Irrigation
Gravity
(47%)10,671
22,657
Drip and sprinkle
(52.9%)11,986
Urban consumption
Domestic, companies, institutions, local
government
(82.1%)
Families *
(66.8%)5,180
6,310
Losses in the distribution system
(17.9%)
1,129
Industrial consumption
7.776
Source: National Statistical Institute (INE) *3,454 Hm3 __ 166 L/inhab./day
Principal Action Plans
• Irrigation Modernization Plan – Aim: reduce consumption by 1,200 hm3/year– Budget: 10,000 million euros– Current status: 50% completed
• A.G.U.A. Programme– Main aim: water generation – desalination of 1,000 hm3/year– Budget: 3,800 million euros– Current status: 40% completed
• National Sanitation and Treatment Plan (2008-2015)– Aim: Comply with Directive 91/271– Budget: 19,000 million euros– Current status: approved and in initial stage
• Water re-use– Increase by 800 hm3/year– Budget: not established– Current status: legislative approval
Principal opportunities
• Modernization of watering systems so as to improve efficiency
• More energy-efficient desalination systems
• Sanitation and Treatment, especially in small towns in sensitive areas
• Increasing urban water treatment for re-use
• Systems for reducing leaks and losses in distribution
Other opportunities
• Recovery of sludge from waste water treatment processes
• Research and development
• Treatment of industrial waters (IPPC)
• Safety studies and dam emergency plans
• Biological monitoring of waterways
• Treatment of water collected for supply (drought)
• Advanced contaminant treatment in water for consumption
• Management of infrastructure for the complete water cycle and rain watercapture (storm tanks, etc.)
• Systems for reducing domestic consumption
• Analytical control techniques
Waste to energy in Spain
Waste to Energy in Spain
The global context
Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste:
600 waste-to-energy plants in 35 countries.
The top five:
% of total waste disposed of by burning:
1. Denmark 56%
2. Holland 30%
3. Sweden 30%
4. USA 16%
5. Spain 6%
Waste to Energy in Spain
The European context
Spanish thermal waste treatment plants association are among the mostproductive in Europe:
Source: CEWEP, ISWA 2006
1.710Spain
314UK
2.518Belgium
3.329Switzerland
3.147Italy
1665Germany
13.6128France
M tons thermally treatedwaste per year
Plants 2005Country
Waste to Energy in SpainThermal plants
Catalonia: 4
Basque Country
Cantabria
Galicia
Madrid
Mallorca
Melilla
Waste to Energy in SpainThermal plants
240,000670,00015660Basque Country
164,773350,00033.2650Catalonia: Mataró
30,267110,0001325Catalonia: Girona
318,015732,070100294Mallorca
329,570750,0004,275,00074Catalonia: Barcelona
31,00080,00016.220Melilla
284,3351m119135Madrid
479,1422.2m90Galicia: Cerceda
142,334350,00024.0430Catalonia: Tarragona
96,000547,000 67150Cantabria
Waste incineratedper year (tons)
Inhabitants servedCapital investmentm€
EmployeesRegion
source: Annual Reports