Aglipay v Ruiz full case.docx

8/16/2019 Aglipay v Ruiz full case.docx

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[No. 45459. March 13, 1937]GREGORIO AGLIPAY, petitio er, vs. !"AN R#i$, re%po &e t,

1 1.PRO'I(I)ION* I++"AN E O- RI) -OR A )+ PER-ORME/ I)'O") !"RI+/I )ION. —

hi0e, e era002, prohi itio a% a e traor&i ar2 0e a0 rit i00 ot i%%#e to re%trai orco tro0 the per6or a ce o6 other tha 8#&icia0 or #a%i:8#&icia0 6# ctio % ;5< . !.,

=5>?, it% i%%#a ce a & e 6orce e t are re #0ate& 2 %tat#te a & i thi% 8#ri%&ictioa2 i%%#e to @ i 6erior tri # a0%, corporatio %, oar&%, or per%o %, hethere erci%i 6# ctio % 8#&icia0 or i i%teria0, hich are itho#t or i e ce%% o6 the

8#ri%&ictio o6 %#ch tri # a0, corporatio , oar&, or per%o .@ ;+ec%. 51= a & BB=,o&e o6 iCi0 Procere.?

1 B.I/.* I/.* /IRE )OR O- PO+)+. — )he ter % @8#&icia0@ a & @ i i%teria0@ #%e& ithre6ere ce to @6# ctio %@ i the %tat#te are # &o# te&02 co prehe %iCe a & i c0#&ethe cha00e e& act o6 the re%po &e t /irector o6 Po%t% i the pre%e t ca%e, hich act

eca#%e a00e e& to e Cio0atiCe o6 the o %tit#tio i% a fortiori @ itho#t or i e ce%% o6 8#ri%&ictio .@

1 3.I/.* I/.* RI) NO) ON-INE/ ED L"+I ELY )O O"R)+ OR )RI("NAL+. — )he%tat#tor2 r#0e, there6ore, i thi% 8#ri%&ictio i% that the rit o6 prohi itio i% otco F e& e c0#%iCe02 to co#rt% or tri # a0% to eep the ithi the 0i it% o6 their o

8#ri%&ictio a & to preCe t the 6ro e croachi #po the 8#ri%&ictio o6 othertri # a0%, #t i00 i%%#e, i appropriate ca%e%, to a oHcer or per%o ho%e act% are

itho#t or i e ce%% o6 hi% a#thorit2. Not i 6re #e t02, @the rit i% ra te&, here it i%202

B


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o e2 or propert2 6or the #%e, e eFt or %#pport o6 a partic#0ar %ect or ch#rch. I thepre%e t ca%e, ho eCer, the i%%#a ce o6 the po%ta e %ta p% i #e%tio 2 the/irector o6 Po%t% a & the +ecretar2 o6 P# 0ic or % a & o # icatio % a% oti %pire& 2 a 2 %ectaria 6ee0i to 6aCor a partic#0ar ch#rch or re0i io#%&e o i atio . )he %ta p% ere ot i%%#e& a & %o0& 6or the e eFt o6 the Ro a

atho0ic h#rch. Nor ere o e2 &eriCe& 6ro the %a0e o6 the %ta p% iCe to that

ch#rch.1 7.I/.* I/.* I/. — )he o 02 p#rpo%e i i%%#i a & %e00i the %ta p% a% @to a&Certi%e thePhi0ippi e% a & attract ore to#ri%t% to thi% co# tr2.@ )he oHcia0% co cer e& ere02too a&Ca ta e o6 a eCe t co %i&ere& o6 i ter atio a0 i porta ce @to iCe p# 0icit2to the Phi0ippi e% a & it% peop0e.@ )he %ta p% a% act#a002

203

OL. =4, MAR ' 13, 1937B.

I/.* I/.* I/. — hi0e the i%%#a ce a & %a0e o6 the %ta p% i #e%tio a2 e %ai& to ei %epara 02 0i e& ith a eCe t o6 a re0i io#% character, the re%#0ti propa a &a, i6 a 2, receiCe& 2 the Ro a atho0ic h#rch, a% ot the ai a & p#rpo%e o6 theGoCer e t. )he GoCer e t %ho#0& ot e e arra%%e& i it% actiCitie% %i p02

eca#%e o6 i ci&e ta0 re%#0t%, ore or 0e%% re0i io#% i character, i6 the p#rpo%e ha& iCie i% o e hich co#0& 0e iti ate02 e # &erta e 2 appropriate 0e i%0atio . )he

ai p#rpo%e %ho#0& ot e 6r#%trate& 2 it% %# or&i atio to ere i ci&e ta0 re%#0t%ot co te p0ate&. (Vide (ra&Fe0& vs. Ro ert%, 175 ". +., B95* B< +#p. t. Rep., 1B1*

44 La . e&., 1=>.?ORIGINAL A )ION i the +#pre e o#rt. Prohi itio .

)he 6act% are %tate& i the opi io o6 the co#rt.Vicente Sotto 6or petitio er.Solicitor-General Tuason 6or re%po &e t.LA"REL, J.:

)he petitio er, Mo %. Gre orio A 0ipa2, +#pre e 'ea& o6 the Phi0ippi e I &epe &e t h#rch,%ee % the i%%#a ce 6ro thi% co#rt o6 a rit o6 prohi itio to preCe t the re%po &e t /irectoro6 Po%t% 6ro i%%#i a & %e00i po%ta e %ta p% co e oratiCe o6 the )hirt2:thir&I ter atio a0 E#chari%tic o re%%.I Ma2, 193=, the /irector o6 Po%t% a o# ce& i the &ai0ie% o6 Ma i0a that he o#0& or&erthe i%%#a ce :o6 po%ta e %ta p% co e orati the ce0e ratio i the it2 o6 Ma i0a o6 the

)hirt2:thir& I ter atio a0 E#chari%tic o re%%, or a i$e& 2 the Ro a atho0ic h#rch. )hepetitio er, i the 6#0F00 e t o6 hat he co %i&er% to e a ciCic t2, re #e%te& ice te +otto,E% ., e er o6 the Phi0ip:

204B


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i%%#e& a & %o0& tho# h the reater part thereo6, to thi% &a2, re ai % # %o0&. )he 6#rther %a0eo6 the %ta p% i% %o# ht to e preCe te& 2 the petitio er herei .

)he +o0icitor:Ge era0 co te &% that the rit o6 prohi itio i% ot the proper 0e a0 re e&2 ithe i %ta t ca%e, a0tho# h he a& it% that the rit a2 proper02 re%trai i i%teria06# ctio %. hi0e, e era002, prohi itio a% a e traor&i ar2 0e a0 rit i00 ot i%%#e to re%traior co tro0 the per6or a ce o6 other tha 8#&icia0 or #a%i:8#&icia0 6# ctio % ;5< . !., =5>?, it%

i%%#a ce a & e 6orce e t are re #0ate& 2 %tat#te a & i thi% 8#ri%&ictio a2 i%%#e to @ i 6erior tri # a0%, corporatio %, oar&%, or per%o %, hether e erci%i 6# ctio % 8#&icia0 ori i%teria0, hich are itho#t o6 i e ce%% o6 the 8#ri%&ictio o6 %#ch tri # a0, corporatio ,oar&, or per%o .@ ;+ec%. 51= a & BB=, o&e o6 iCi0 Procere.? )he ter % @8#&icia0@

a & @ i i%teria0@ #%e& ith re6ere ce to @6# ctio %@ i the %tat#te are # &o# te&02co prehe %iCe a & i c0#&e the cha00e e& act o6 the re%po &e t /irector o6 Po%t% i thepre%e t ca%e, hich act eca#%e a00e e& to e Cio0atiCe o6 the o %tit#tio i% a fortiori@ itho#t or i e ce%% o6 8#ri%&ictio .@ )he %tat#tor2 r#0e, there6ore, i thi% 8#ri%&ictio i%that the rit o6 prohi itio i% ot co F e& e c0#%iCe02 to co#rt% or tri # a0% to eep the

ithi the 0i it% o6 their o 8#ri%&ictio a & to preCe t the 6ro e croachi #po the 8#ri%&ictio o6 other tri # a0%,

205

OL. =4, MAR ' 13, 1937B


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o %tit#tio , i & the %e0Ce% to reco i$e a & re%pect the co %tit#tio a0 #ara tee o6 re0i io#% 6ree&o , ith it% i here t 0i itatio % a & reco i$e& i p0icatio %. It %ho#0& e%tate& that hat i% #ara tee& 2 o#r o %tit#tio i% re0i io#% 0i ert2, ot ere re0i io#%to0eratio .Re0i io#% 6ree&o , ho eCer, a% a co %tit#tio a0 a &ate i% ot i hi itio o6 pro6o# &reCere ce 6or re0i io a & i% ot a &e ia0 o6 it% i #e ce i h# a aJair%. Re0i io a% a

pro6e%%io o6 6aith to a actiCe po er that i &% a & e0eCate% a to hi% reator i%reco i$e&. A &, i %o 6ar a% it i %ti00% i to the i &% the p#re%t pri cip0e% o6 ora0it2, it%i #e ce i% &eep02 6e0t a & hi h02 appreciate&. he the -i0ipi o peop0e, i the prea 0e o6 their o %tit#tio , i p0ore& @the ai& o6 Divine rovidence! i or&er to e%ta 0i%h a oCer e tthat %ha00 e o&2 their i&ea0%, co %erCe a & &eCe0op the patri o 2 o6 the atio , pro otethe e era0 e06are, a & %ec#re to the %e0Ce% a & their po%terit2 the 0e%%i % o6 i &epe &e ce # &er a re i e o6 8#%tice, 0i ert2 a & &e ocrac2,@ the2 there 2 a i6e%te&their i te %e re0i io#% at#re a & p0ace& # 6a0teri re0ia ce #po 'i ho #i&e% the&e%ti ie% o6 e a & atio %. )he e0eCati i #e ce o6 re0i io i h# a %ociet2 i%reco i$e& here a% e0%e here. I 6act, certai e era0 co ce%%io % are i &i%cri i ate02accor&e& to re0i io#% %ect% a & &e o i atio %. O#r o %tit#tio a & 0a % e e pt 6rota atio propertie% &eCote& e c0#%iCe02 to re0i io#% p#rpo%e% ;%ec. 14, %# %ec. 3, Art. I,

o %tit#tio o6 the Phi0ippi e% a & %ec. 1, %# %ec. 4, Or&i a ce appe &e& thereto*207

OL. =4, MAR ' 13, 1937B, A& . o&e?. )h#r%&a2 a & -ri&a2 o6 'o02 ee , )ha % iCi /a2, hri%t a% /a2,a & +# &a2% are a&e 0e a0 ho0i&a2% ;%ec. B9, A& . o&e? eca#%e o6 the %ec#0ar i&ea thattheir o %erCa ce i% co ciCe to e eFcia0 ora0 re%#0t%. )he 0a a00o % &iCorce #tp# i%he% po02 a 2 a & i a 2* a & certai cri e% a ai %t re0i io#% or%hip are co %i&ere&cri e% a ai %t the 6# &a e ta0 0a % o6 the %tate (see art%. 13B a & 133, ReCi%e& Pe a0

o&e?.I the ca%e at ar, it appear% that the re%po &e t /irector o6 Po%t% i%%#e& the po%ta e%ta p% i #e%tio # &er the proCi%io % o6 Act No. 4


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@+E . 3. )hi% a o# t or a 2 portio thereo6 ot other i%e e pe &e& %ha00 ot reCert to the )rea%#r2.@+E . 4. )hi% act %ha00 ta e eJect o it% approCa0.@ApproCe&, -e r#ar2 B1, 1933.@It i00 e %ee that the Act appropriate% the %# o6 %i t2 tho#%a & pe%o% 6or the co%t o6 p0ate% a & pri ti o6 po%ta e %ta p% ith e &e%i % a & other e pe %e% i ci&e t

thereto, a & a#thori$e% the /irector o6 Po%t%, ith the approCa0 o6 the +ecretar2 o6 P# 0icor % a & o # icatio %, to &i%po%e o6 the a o# t appropriate& i the a er i &icate&a & @a% o6te a% a2 e &ee e& a&Ca ta eo#% to the GoCCer e t@. )he pri ti a &i%%#a ce o6 the po%ta e %ta p% i #e%tio appear% to haCe ee approCe& 2 a#thorit2 o6 the Pre%i&e t o6 the Phi0ippi e% i a 0etter &ate& +epte er 1, 193=, a&e part o6 there%po &e tK% e ora a% E hi it A. )he re%po &e t a00e e% that the GoCer e t o6 thePhi0ippi e% o#0& %#Jer 0o%%e% i6 the rit pra2e& 6or i% ra te&. 'e e%ti ate% the reCe #e to

e &eriCe& 6ro the %a0e o6 the po%ta e %ta p% i #e%tio at P1,=1>,179.1< a & %tate% thatthere %ti00 re ai to e %o0& %ta p% orth P1,4


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e are #ch i pre%%e& ith the Cehe e t appea0 o6 co# %e0 6or the petitio er to ai taii Cio0ate the co p0ete %eparatio o6 ch#rch a & %tate a & c#r a 2 atte pt to i 6ri e 2i &irectio a co %tit#tio a0 i hi itio . I &ee&, i the Phi0ippi e%, o ce the %ce e o6 re0i io#%i to0era ce a & per%ec#tio , care %ho#0& e ta e that at thi% %ta e o6 o#r po0itica0&eCe0op e t othi i% &o e 2 the GoCer e t or it% oHcia0% that a2 0ea& to the e0ie6 that the GoCer e t i% ta i %i&e% or 6aCori a partic#0ar re0i io#% %ect or i %tit#tio , (#t,

#po Cer2 %erio#% re ectio , e a i atio o6 Act No. 4

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Aglipay v Ruiz full case.docx