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Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

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Page 1: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Agenda

Challenges & Basic Notions

Part I: Large Process Models

Part II: Large Process Model Collections

Part III: Large Process Structures

References

Page 2: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Challenge: Large Process Models

Challenge:

Understandingprocess modelsof large size

Page 3: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Typical Quality ProblemsProcess Model Smells

Process Model SmellsPMS1: Non-intention Revealing Naming of Activities / Process Model

PMS2: Contrived Complexity

PMS3: Redundant Process Fragment

PMS4: Large Process Models

PMS5: Lazy Process Models

PMS6: Unused Branches

PMS7: Frequently Occurring Instance Changes

PMS8: Frequently Occurring Variant Changes

(Weber and Reichert 2008, Weber et al. 2011)

Page 4: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Refactoring Large Process Models

Identification ofProcess Model Smells

Application ofRefactoring Techniques

Page 5: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

RF1: Rename Activity

RF2: Rename Process Schema

RF3: Substitute Process Fragment

RF4: Extract Process Fragment

RF5: Replace Process Fragment by Reference

RF6: Inline Process Fragment

RF7: Re-label Collection

RF8: Remove Redundancies

Refactoring Techniques

Process Model Refactorings

(Weber and Reichert 2008, Weber et al. 2011)

Page 6: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Labeling of Process Models

PMS1. Non intention revealing naming of activities / process models

– Ambiguous or non intention revealing labels

– Inconsistent use of labeling styles

(Weber et al. 2011)

Page 7: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Example of Poor Labeling in SAP Reference Model

Poor labeling may lead to ambiguities

– Plan a data transfer?

or

– Transfer plan data?

Leopold et al. 2011

Page 8: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Number of ways students name an activity in a process model

Insights from a process modeling experiment with 113 students.

The following sentence in the process description

“Afterwards the scouting team attends games of the player they are interested in live in the football stadium.”

resulted into 84 different ways for naming this particular activity.

Fahland 2012

http://dirksmetric.wordpress.com/2012/08/17/number-of-ways-student-name-an-activity-in-a-process-model/
Page 9: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Guidelines for Labeling of Process Models

Many guidelines stress the importance of proper labeling

(Malone 2003, Sharp and McDermott 2008)

Empirical insights show that verb-object style is best understandable

(Mendling et al. 2010)

Page 10: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Automatic Refactoring of Labels

Labels are automatically refactored from action-noun style to labels in verb-object style

(Leopold, Smirnov, and Mendling 2012)

Refactorings RF1: Rename ActivityRF7: Re-label Collection

Plan data transfer to EPC-PCA from profitability

analysis

Transfer plan data to EPC-PCA from

profitability analysis

Page 11: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Structured versus Unstructured Business Process Models

PMS2. Contrived Complexity– Unstructured process fragments are more difficult to

understand than well-structured ones (Mendling, Reijers, van der Aalst 2010)

Unstructured Process Model

Page 12: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Structured versus Unstructured Business Process Models

Unstructured Process Model

Well-structured Process Model

Automatic transformation of unstructured into structured model (Polyvyanyy et al. 2012)

Refactoring RF2: Substitute Process Fragment

Page 13: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Structured versus Unstructured Business Process Models

PMS2. Contrived Complexity– Process Fragments are syntactically often different,

but semantically equivalent (Gert et al. 2010)

(Gert et al. 2010)

Page 14: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Structured versus Unstructured Business Process Models

Automatic detection of semantically equivalent process fragments (Gert et al. 2010)

Refactoring RF2: Substitute Process Fragment

Page 15: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Redundant Process Fragments

PMS3: Redundant Process Fragments

– Clones can be commonly found in existing process models

(Dumas et al. 2012, Weber et al. 2011)

– More than 560 clones in the SAP reference model(Dumas et al. 2012, Weber et al. 2011)

Page 16: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Redundant Process Fragments

(Dumas et al. 2012)

Page 17: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Redundant Process Fragments

(Dumas et al. 2012)

Page 18: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Redundant Process Fragments

Method for automatically detecting exact clones (Dumas et al. 2012)

Detected clones can be automatically extracted to sub processes

Refactoring RF4: Extract Process FragmentRF5: Replace Process Fragment by ReferenceRF8: Remove Redundancies

Page 19: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Large Process Models

PMS4: Large Process Models

– Literature reports about process models with several hundred activities (Soto et al. 2008)

– Large process models tend to comprise more formal flaws than smaller ones (Mendling et al. 2008)

Page 20: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Large Process Models

Method for automatic modularization of business process models (Reijers et al. 2011)

Method for the automatic labeling of process models (Leopold et al. 2011)

Refactoring RF4: Extract Process FragmentRF5: Replace Process Fragment by ReferenceRF8: Remove Redundancies

Page 21: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Hierarchy in Conceptual Models Common Belief versus Empirical Evidence

Modularization is a widely used strategy to reduce complexity in conceptual models

Hierarchical structures supported by many conceptual modeling languages

Empirical evidence on the benefits of hierarchy are contradictory

Page 22: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Hierarchisation in Conceptual ModelsA Systematic Literature Review

Work FindingsMoody [15]Domain: ER-Models

Positive influence on accuracy, no influence / negative influence on time

Reijers et al. [16, 17]Domain: Business Process Models

Positive influence on understandability for one out of two models

Cruz-Lemus et al. [9, 18]Domain: UML Statecharts

Series of experiments, positive influence on understandability in last experiment

Cruz-Lemus et al. [13]Domain: UML Statecharts

Hierarchy depth of statecharts has no influence

Shoval et al. [14]Domain: ER-Models

Hierarchy has no influence

Cruz-Lemus et al. [8]Domain: UML Statecharts

Positive influence on understandability for firstexperiment, negative influence in replication

Cruz-Lemus et al. [12, 19]Domain: UML Statecharts

Hierarchy depth has a negative influence

(Zugal et al. 2011a)

Page 23: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Hierarchisation in Conceptual ModelsA Systematic Literature Review

Work FindingsMoody [15]Domain: ER-Models

Positive influence on accuracy, no influence / negative influence on time

Reijers et al. [16, 17]Domain: Business Process Models

Positive influence on understandability for one out of two models

Cruz-Lemus et al. [9, 18]Domain: UML Statecharts

Series of experiments, positive influence on understandability in last experiment

Cruz-Lemus et al. [13]Domain: UML Statecharts

Hierarchy depth of statecharts has no influence

Shoval et al. [14]Domain: ER-Models

Hierarchy has no influence

Cruz-Lemus et al. [8]Domain: UML Statecharts

Positive influence on understandability for firstexperiment, negative influence in replication

Cruz-Lemus et al. [12, 19]Domain: UML Statecharts

Hierarchy depth has a negative influence

Under which circumstances can positive / negative influcences on understandability be expected?

Page 24: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Understanding Process ModelsSome Insights from Cognitive Psychology

Answering questions about a model is a problem solving task

Three different problem solving processes (Larkin and Simon 1987)– Search– Recognition– Inference

Page 25: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Limitations of Working Memory

Central Concept: Working Memory

– Required by all conscious mental activities– Mental effort: utilization of working memory– Severely limited: 7 +/- 2 information „slots“ (Miller 1956)– Overflow: rapid performance decrease! (Sweller 1988)– Mental effort: amount of working memory used

(Paas et al. 2003)

Page 26: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Two Opposing Forces

Abstraction– hiding of irrelevant information (Parnas 1972)– supports human mind’s attention management

(Larking and Simon 1987)

Split-attention effect (Sweller and Chandler 1994)– Occurs when information from several sources needs

to be integrated– switching attention between models

Page 27: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Theoretical Framework for Measuring Understandability

question complexity

mental effortabstractionlowers

includes

hierarchy split-attention effect

performance

enables

causes

increases

determines

(Zugal et al. 2011a)

Page 28: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Hierarchical Model – Abstraction Question

'Define the problem' can be executed after 'Check if problem is already solved'.

Sub Process: Do Systematic Literature Review

Page 29: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Flat Model – Abstraction Question

'Define the problem' can be executed after 'Check if problem is already solved'.

Page 30: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Hierarchical Model – Fragmentation Question

'Describe initial approach' can be executed after 'Compile classification statistics'.

Sub Process: Do Systematic Literature Review

Page 31: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Flat Model – Fragmentation Question

'Describe initial approach' can be executed after 'Compile classification statistics'.

Page 32: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Hierarchisation is Always a Trade-off

Modularization is always a trade-off!

Also the optimal modularization can only increase the “average” understanding!– Some questions become easier to answer– Some questions become harder to answer

(Zugal et al. 2011a, Zugal 2011b, Zugal 2011c)

Page 33: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Hierarchisation is Always a Trade-off

Modularization is always a trade-off!

Also the optimal modularization can only increase the “average” understanding!– Some questions become easier to answer– Some questions become harder to answer

Dynamic modularization /visualization / navigation is needed !

(Zugal et al. 2011a, Zugal 2011b, Zugal 2011c)

Page 34: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

The Role of External Memory

External memory – mechanism for reducing mental effort– Information storage outside the human

cognitive system (e.g., pencil and paper or a blackboard)

Cognitive Trace– Information taken from working memory

and stored in an external memory (e.g., to mark, update, and highlight information)

Page 35: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

The Role of External Memory

External memory – mechanism for reducing mental effort– Information storage outside the human

cognitive system (e.g., pencil and paper or a blackboard)

Cognitive Trace– Information taken from working memory

and stored in an external memory (e.g., to mark, update, and highlight information)

For process models of large size tool support, which enables to offload information, is essential.

Page 36: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Visualizing and AbstractingLarge Process Models

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Page 37: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

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Page 38: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

38

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Page 39: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

39

modify CR

initiate CRrequest

expertisegenerate expertise

generate expertise

generate expertise

generate expertise

request evaluation

provide evaluation

provide evaluation

provide evaluation

request comments

provide comments

provide comments

provide comments

provide comments

approve CR instruct realisation conclude CR

approve CRinstruct

realisationconclude CRblack box

(legacy application)

manual(remodelling)

direct import

modify CR

initiate CRrequest

expertisegenerate expertise

generate expertise

generate expertise

generate expertise log-data

Miningindirect

Visualization Component

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Fr. Tschek Hr. Apruf Fr. Tschek Hr. Apruf Fr. Tschek

Fr. Tschek

Hr. Alau Hr. Alau

Prozess: Genehmigung ÄnderungAntrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005 Status 11.12.2005

09.11.2005 15.11.2005

24.11.2005 30.11.2005

08.12.2005

Prüferg.: OK

Genehmigung Änderung

ID Aktivität Anfang Abschluss DauerQ4

1 üAbt. XY-A7t09.11.200501.11.2005AAA

2 üAbt. XY-C4t15.11.200510.11.2005BBB

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6 üAbt. XY-A5t08.12.200502.12.2005FFF

7 }Abt. XY-C5t15.12.200509.12.2005GGG

8 Abt. XY-A6t23.12.200516.12.2005HHH

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-C

Abt. XY-B

Abt. XY-B

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-C

Abt. XY-A

Bearbeiterheute

Antrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005

Status 11.12.2005

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Prozess: Genehmigung ÄnderungAntrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005 Status 11.12.2005

Process VisualizationWhat is needed?

Page 40: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

adapt display form(diagram, form, table, text, …)

abstracting information(process views)

adapting visual appearance(symbols, colors, …)

Process VisualizationDimensions

Page 41: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Goals

Page 42: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

reduction aggregation

Goals: Decreasing the complexity of (large)

process models Eliminating or abstracting process

information

► Personalize process models through process views

Process views should be …- easy to define- dynamically built if required

„Only show my activities!“

„Do not display technical activities“

„Aggregate completed parts“

P1 P2 P3 P4

B F

D

GEA

C

LH IX Y

Z

Y

Z X XXX Z K

J

Y

Z

EA LH IX X XXX

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Goals

Page 43: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Reduction

Eliminate activities Simplify the resulting schema Remove adjacent satellite objects

Aggregation

Aggregate activities Aggregate adjacent objects if required

C

KI

HF

E

J

GA

D

LB

D1

D2 D3 D4

D5

X Y

X

Y Y

Y X

Z

Z

Z

Z

Y

C

I

HF L

D1

D2 D3 D4

D5

Y Y Y

Y

Y

C

I

HF

L

D2 D4

D5

Y

Y Y

Y

Y

C

KI

HF

E

J

GA

D

LB

D1

D2 D3 D4

D5

X Y

X

Y Y

Y X

Z

Z

Z

Z

Z

C

KI J

L

D1

D2 D3 D4

D5

X,Z Y

X,Y,Z

Y X

AB

DEFGH

Z

Z

C

KI J

L

D1D234

D5

Y

Y X

AB

DEFGH

X,Z

X,Y,Z

Z

Z

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Fundamental Techniques

Bobrik et al., 2007

Page 44: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Process Model Abstraction and Process Viewsin Proviado

(Bobrik, Bauer, & Reichert, 2007; Reichert et al., 2012)

Related approaches, e.g., – Smirnov, Reijers & Weske, 2011– Eshuis & Grefen, 2008– Schumm, Latuske & Leymann, 2011

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: The Proviado Approach

Page 45: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Attr

ibut

e O

p.

High-level Operations

Dat

a F

low

Op.

Multi-Aspect Operations

Single-Aspect Operations

Elementary Operations

AGGREGATECF REDUCECF

Aggregate Reduce

ShowMyActivities ...AggrExecutedPart

Control Flow Attributes Application Data

Process

AggrSESEAggrShiftOut

AggrAddBranch

RedActivity

AggrComplBranch...

...

...

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: The Proviado Approach

• A multi-layer approach for abstracting process models and building process views

Page 46: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

C D EA

C D EBA

D EA

A E

RedActivity(B)

RedActivity(C)

RedActivity(D)

BA

rs

t

BA

r Ú st

ReduceCF({B,C,D})

AB

C

AC

s

t

s

t

AD

F

A D F

AD

FB

RedActivity(B)

Further refactorings: but …

Elementary reduction operations

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Elementary Operations

Attr

ibut

e O

p.

High-level Operations

Dat

a Fl

ow O

p.

Multi-Aspect Operations

Single-Aspect Operations

Elementary Operations

AGGREGATECF REDUCECF

Aggregate Reduce

ShowMyActivities ...AggrExecutedPart

Control Flow Attributes Application Data

Process

AggrSESE

AggrShiftOut

AggrAddBranch

RedActivity

AggrComplBranch...

...

...

Page 47: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

AggrSESE

AggrAddBranch AggrAddBranch

AggrComplBranches AggrShiftOut

C DBA E

DA

BCEA

B C

ED

r

s

A B

E

rs

r Ú sCD

A

B

GF

C

ED

r

s

t

AGF

r Ú s

t

BCDE

AB

ED

C

AE

CBD

Elementary aggregation operations

C D EBA

A EBCD

AggrSequence

Non-connected activity sets

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Elementary Operations

Attr

ibut

e O

p.

High-level Operations

Dat

a Fl

ow O

p.

Multi-Aspect Operations

Single-Aspect Operations

Elementary Operations

AGGREGATECF REDUCECF

Aggregate Reduce

ShowMyActivities ...AggrExecutedPart

Control Flow Attributes Application Data

Process

AggrSESE

AggrShiftOut

AggrAddBranch

RedActivity

AggrComplBranch...

...

...

Page 48: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

ReductionSESE AggrSESE

BC

C DBA

DA

H: ‹S(A),E(A),S(B),E(B),S(C)›

H’: ‹S(A),E(A),S(BC)›

C DBA

DA

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Elementary Operations

Elementary operations applied at the process instance level

Attr

ibut

e O

p.

High-level Operations

Dat

a Fl

ow O

p.

Multi-Aspect Operations

Single-Aspect Operations

Elementary Operations

AGGREGATECF REDUCECF

Aggregate Reduce

ShowMyActivities ...AggrExecutedPart

Control Flow Attributes Application Data

Process

AggrSESE

AggrShiftOut

AggrAddBranch

RedActivity

AggrComplBranch...

...

...

Page 49: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Let’s have a closer look at aggregations!

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: View Properties

Page 50: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Example: Aggregate activities from set {B,D}A

B

ED

CF

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: View Properties

AE

CFBD

AggrShiftOut

AggrAddBranch

How to aggregate these two activities?

Page 51: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Example: aggregate activities from set {B,D}

Alternative 1:

Alternative 2:

► Well-defined properties to characterize the resulting view!

AB

ED

CF

AE

CF

BD

AE

CFBD

AggrShiftOut

AggrAddBranch

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: View Properties

Page 52: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

B C

D

A

E

F

• dependency-generating• inconsistent process state

• dependency-erasing• consistent process state

B C

D

A

E

F

BD

C

A

E

F

BD

C

A

E

F

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: View Properties

Page 53: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Properties of view-building operations:

-

AggrAddBranch

AB C

ED

r

s

A B

E

rs

r Ú sCD

ReductionSESE

C DBA

DA

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: View Properties

Page 54: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

correct fuzzy

Using views for process execution or process change:

• correct structure and consistent state are crucial

• view interpreted by process engine or change engine

Using views for process visualization:

• imprecision or loss of information is tolerable

• view interpreted by process participants

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: View Parameterization

Proviado addresses this issue by enabling parameterizable process views, i.e., the degree of imprecision or tolerable information loss may be flexibly chosen

Reichert, Kolb, Bobrik, & Bauer, 2012

Page 55: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

3 strategies for aggregating an activity set (AggregateCF):

AD

IG

FLCB

E

HJ K

AF

IBCDEGH J KL

AF

I

BCDEGH

J KL

AI

FBC

DE

GHJ KL

A BCDEFGHIJKL

AF

I

BCDEGHKL

J

strategy = as-is strategy = expandstrategy = subdivide

AD

IG

FLCB

E

HJ K A

D

IG

FLCB

E

HJ K A

D

IG

FLCB

E

HJ K

dependencies = non-erasing

dependencies = non-generating

dependencies = preserving

AggrShiftOut& AggrSESE

AggrAddBranch

AggrAddBranch& AggrSESE

4x AggrSESE

AggrSESE

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: View Parameterization

Attr

ibut

e O

p.

High-level Operations

Dat

a Fl

ow O

p.

Multi-Aspect Operations

Single-Aspect Operations

Elementary Operations

AGGREGATECF REDUCECF

Aggregate Reduce

ShowMyActivities ...AggrExecutedPart

Control Flow Attributes Application Data

Process

AggrSESEAggrShiftOut

AggrAddBranch

RedActivityAggrComplBranch

...

...

...

Page 56: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

TA BCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS

AggrSESE({B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S})

B

OMS

LJ

D

N

KA

C

P

F

H

s

t

R

E

Q

G

IT

(Elementary Operation)

2

strategy = expandstates = consistentdependencies = preserving

View Parameterization:

AggrAddBranch ({B,F,G,J,M,N,P,Q,R})

B

OMS

LJ

D

N

KA

C

P

F

H

s

t

R

E

Q

G

IT

O

L

D

KAS

Hst

EI

T

BFGJMNPQR

C(Elementary Operation)

1

strategy = as-isstates = defaultdependencies = default

View Parameterization:

AggrAddBranch({B,J,M,N})AggrSESE({F,G})AggrSESE({P,Q,R})

AggrShiftOut({B,J,M,N})AggrSESE({F,G})AggrSESE({P,Q,R})

B

OMS

LJ

D

N

KA

C

P

F

H

s

t

R

E

Q

G

IT

O

L

D

KAS

H

s

tE

IT

BJMN

CFG

PQR

O

L

D

KAS

H

s

tE

ITBJMN

CFG

PQR

3

3b3a

strategy = subdividestates = defaultdependencies = default

View Parameterization:

strategy = subdividestates = consistentdependencies = default

View Parameterization:

AGGREGATECF({B,F,G,J,M,N,P,Q,R})(Single-Aspect Operation)

B

OMS

LJ

D

N

KA

C

P

F

H

s

t

R

E

Q

G

IT

Base Process Model

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Single-Aspect Operations

Page 57: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Elementary operations for reducing and aggregating data elements: RedData and AggData

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Other Process Aspects

BA

D1

BA

RedData(D1)

BHF

EC

G

DA I

D1

D3

D2

D5 D6

BHF

EC

G

DA I

D12

D356

D4

D4

AggData({D1,D2}) AggData({D3,D5,D6})

Page 58: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Other Process Aspects

Basisprozessschema

REDUCEDF({D1,D2,D3,D4}) AGGREGATEDF({D1,D2,D3,D4})

AggData({D1, D2,D3,D4})

RedData({D1})RedData({D2})RedData({D3})RedData({D4})

FD

CA

E

B

D2 D3 D4

D1

FD

CA

E

B

D2 D3 D4

D1

FD

CA

E

B

D2 D3 D4

D1

FD

CA

E

B

FD

CA

E

B

D1234

Core Process Schema

Single-aspect operations for abstracting data flow: REDUCEDF and AGGREGATE DF

Page 59: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

D1 D1

ABA

B

D1 D1

ABA

B

D1 D1

ABA

B

A B C

D1 D1

ABC

AdaptDE

AdaptDE

AdaptDE

AdaptDEa)

c)

b)

d)

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: Other Process Aspects

Adapting data flow edges in the context of control flow aggregations:AdaptDE

Page 60: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

A user-friendly definition of process views requieres high-level view creation operations

Example of a high-level operation: ShowMyActivities– Eliminate all activities the current user is not

involved in

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: High-level Operations

Attr

ibut

e O

p.

High-level Operations

Dat

a F

low

Op.

Multi-Aspect Operations

Single-Aspect Operations

Elementary Operations

AGGREGATECF REDUCECF

Aggregate Reduce

ShowMyActivities ...AggrExecutedPart

Control Flow Attributes Application Data

Process

AggrSESEAggrShiftOut

AggrAddBranch

RedActivity

AggrComplBranch...

...

...

Page 61: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

AggrForeignActivities(User = X)1. Choose high-level view operation and set its parameters

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: High-level Operations

Aggregate({B,C,D,G,H,I,J}, Param = {…})2. Map high-level operation to multi-aspect operation(s)

AggrShiftOut({B,C,D})

AggrSESE({G,H,I,J})

AdaptDE({D2})AdaptDE({D3})AdaptDE({D4})

AggrData({D2,D3}, …)

4. Determine corresponding single-aspect operations and apply them to the original process model; apply refactorings if applicable

B

J

H

F

D

I

GA

C

K

E

LX Y

X

Y Y X

Z Z

X

XY Y

D1D2

D4

D3

B

J

H

F

D

I

GA

C

K

E

LX Y

X

Y Y X

Z Z

X

XY Y

D1D2

D4

D3

BCD

F

A

K

E

LX Y

X

X

X

X

D1 D2

D4

GHIJY,Z

D3

BCD

F

A

K

E

LX Y

X

X

X

X

D1 D23

D4

GHIJY,Z

Example: Actor X: „Aggregate activities I am not involved in“

AGGREGATECF({B,C,D,G,H,I,J}, Param = {strategy = subdivide, …})

AGGREGATEDF({D2,D3})

3. Map multi-aspect operations(s) to single-aspect operations

Page 62: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

B

KI

HF

D

J

GA

C

N

E

O P

L MX,Y

X X

Y

W W V

Y X X

V,Y W,V V

X,Y YX

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

B HGAN

O

MX,Y

X X X X X,YX

Step 4

B HGA N O

MX,Y

XX X X

X,YX

Step 5

REDUCECF(S)Single-aspect Operation:

· Find SESE componentsS1 = {C,D,E}, S2 = {F},S3 = {I,J,K}, S4 = {L},S5 = {P}

RedSESE S1RedSESE S2RedSESE S3RedSESE S4RedSESE S5

Elementary Operations:

Simplification Operations

Initial process schema with activities of user X marked

Reduce(S)Multi-aspect Operation:

· Evaluate pred:

ShowMyActivities(user X)High-level Operation:

· Define predicate pred: Find all activities where actor X is not involved in

S = {C,D,E,F,I,J,K,L,P}

B

KI

HF

D

J

GA

C

N

E

O P

L MX,Y

X X

Y

W W V

Y X X

V,Y W,V V

X,Y YX

B

KI

HF

D

J

GA

C

N

E

O P

L MX,Y

X X

Y

W W V

Y X X

V,Y W,V V

X,Y YX

Process VisualizationAbstracting Process Models: High-level Operations

Example:ShowMyActivitiesHigh-level Operations in Proviado:

• ShowActivitiesOfUser• AggrExecutedPart• ShowExecutedPath• GroupedAggregation• ViewByRelevance• ViewByPredicate• Subgraph• SubgraphRange• CutProcess• …

Page 63: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

adapt display form(diagram, form, table, text, …)

abstracting information(process views)

adapting visual appearance(symbols, colors, …)

Process VisualizationDimensions

Page 64: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Initiation Expertise Evaluation Approval Realization

Initiation Expertise Evaluation Approval Realization

Change Request 000-W213-XQ-2146Part: SpeedometerChange: Improvement of Readability

Start: 13.01.2006End: 15.01.2006

Start: 15.01.2006End: 23.02.2006

Start: 25.02.2006End:

Process: CR_V2.1

Instance: 4215

Vis

ua

liza

tio

n

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: Issues

Page 65: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

1. Which visual notation to use? A template mechanism is required that allows for the flexible definition of

the- visual appearance (e.g., geometry) of process objects- placeholders for attributes or (status) symbols

activity

End

Start

actor document

filename

NameHeadline

Subheading

S

start dateend date

Initiation Expertise Evaluation Approval RealizationProcess: CR_V2.1

Instance: 4215

Vis

ua

liza

tio

n

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: Issues

Page 66: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

1. Which visual notation to use?

2. When to use which visualization? Selection of a concrete visualization template may depend on the type of

a process element, attributes, process data, users, etc.

visualization of a process element

element typede

pend

s on

user preferences

status

attribute value

process or application

data

depends on

element = „activity“e.g.

status = „running“

activity.type = „testing“

e.g.

e.g.

Name

AttrValue

Symbol

AttrValueAttrValueAttrValue

state

element = „actor“Mr. Lucas

test goal

TEST

Name Name Name Name Name

HeadlineSubheadingSubheading

S S S

start dateend date

start dateend date

start dateend date

start dateend date

start dateend date

S S

Initiation Expertise Evaluation Approval RealizationProcess: CR_V2.1

Instance: 4215

Vis

ua

liza

tio

n

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: Issues

Page 67: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Initiation Expertise Evaluation Approval Realization

Change Request 000-W213-XQ-2146Part: SpeedometerChange: Improvement of Readability

Start: 13.01.2006End: 15.01.2006

Start: 15.01.2006End: 23.02.2006

Start: 25.02.2006End:

1. Which visual notation to use?

2. When to use which visualization?

3. Which data? Where to add and how?

Abstracting and formatting process data- Formatting, e.g., date values- Abstracting, e.g. costs: "high " instead of 1.000.000 €

Filling template parameters with concrete process data

Initiation Expertise Evaluation Approval RealizationProcess: CR_V2.1

Instance: 4215

Vis

ua

liza

tio

n

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: Issues

Page 68: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Initiation Expertise Evaluation Approval Realization

Change Request 000-W213-XQ-2146Part: SpeedometerChange: Improvement of Readability

Start: 13.01.2006End: 15.01.2006

Start: 15.01.2006End: 23.02.2006

Start: 25.02.2006End:

1. Which visual notation to use?

2. When to use which visualization?

3. Which data? Where to add and how?

4. How shall the visualization style look like?

Colors, fonts, lines, etc.

process (SVG)

stylesheet(CSS)

stylesheet(CSS)

adaptstyle

A2A1

A3A4 A5

CR-Process

A2A1

A3A4 A5

CR-Process

OEM

Supplier

A2A1

A3A4 A5

CR-Process

Initiation Expertise Evaluation Approval RealizationProcess: CR_V2.1

Instance: 4215

Vis

ua

liza

tio

n

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: Issues

Page 69: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

How we addressed these issues in the Proviado visualization framework …

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Page 70: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Visualization Model logical description of all information required for creating a particular

process visualization, e.g., symbols, display form, layouting, …

Process CR1

A1A2

A3A4 A5

A1A2

A3A4 A5 Visualization

VisModel

VisModel

A1 A2

A3

A4

A5

Process CR1

R

S

T

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Basic principle: separate process data from its presentation

Page 71: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Visualization template defines1. symbol to be used2. data to be displayed3. application context

approve Change Request

archive decision

CR-Board DMS

evaluation: PP

evaluation: quality

decision

evaluation: costs

engineering expertise

approve Change Request

CR-Board

engineering expertise

evaluation: costs

evaluation: quality

evaluation: PP

decision

archive decision

DMS

decision

Mr. Lucas

Name

AttrValue

Symbol

AttrValueAttrValueAttrValue

Done

test goal

TEST

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Examples of visualization templates

Bobrik et al., 2006

Page 72: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Schema of a visualization templates

name

attrVal

symbol

attrValattrValattrVal

state

symbol definition

input parameter

template definition

notation definition notation

template definition

template definition

parameterdefinitionparameterparameter

name

describes

template

template

template

nameattValattrVal

describes

describes

...

...

...

describes

describes

Page 73: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

<template id="default_act"><inputs>...</inputs><graphic><symbol>...</symbol><parameter name="Beschreibung"location="g/text[@name=’actname’]" value="act.getName()" />

<parameter name="Status" location="g/g[@name=’status’]"><choice><when test="act.getState()=RUNNING"><use xlink:href="#act_state_RUNNING" />

</when><when test="act.getState()=COMPLETED">...</when>...

</choice></parameter><parameter name=starttime" location="g/text/[@name=’starttime’]“value="formatDate(act.getStart(), ’dd/mm/yyyy’)"/>

...</graphic>

</template>

Name

EndStart

JavaScript can be used for calculating parameter values

Parameter locations inside the symbol are specified using XPath

Symbol shapes are defined using SVG

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Defining a visualization templates for process elements

Page 74: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Defining the application context of visualization templates

Visualizing of a a process element

element type

userpreferences

status

attribute values

obj. nodetype = "activity "

activity.status = "completed"

activity.type ="testing"

obj. nodetype = "actor"Mr. Lucas

test goal

TEST

Name

AttrValue

Symbol

AttrValueAttrValueAttrValue

state

Name

AttrValue

Symbol

AttrValueAttrValueAttrValue

Done

may depend on

process or application

data

context rules

Page 75: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

if obj.type = „node“

elsecase obj.nodetype = „activity“

„actor“

actor_name

if obj.acttype = „testing“

test goal

TEST

elseName

AttrValue

Symbol

AttrValueAttrValueAttrValue

state

...

if obj.type = „edge“

...

case obj.edgetype = „control flow“

„data flow“

...

in: ProcessObject obj<if test="self.type=ACTOR"> <template id="actor"> <inputs> <input name="actor" value="self"/> </inputs> </template></if><if test="self.type=ACTIVITY"> <choose> <case test="self.type='testing'"> <template ref="testing_act"> <inputs> <input name="act" value="self"/> </inputs> </template> </case> <otherwise> <template ref="default_act"> <inputs> <input name="act" value="self"/> </inputs> </template> </otherwise> </choose></if>

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Defining the application context of visualization templates

Page 76: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Process

Name

AttrValue

Symbol

AttrValueAttrValueAttrValue

state

notation

Name

Template x Template y Template z

BA C

start: 01.08.2007end: 05.08.2007cost: 2500

start: 07.08.2007end: 14.08.2007cost: 4100

name: PartIDvalue: XX35K4 D1

YX Z

Process elements

Process attributes

application context schema

Context rule 2

Context rule 3

Context rule 1if type =activitythen use template x

C

410014.08.07

costs07.08.07

Z

PartIDXX35K4

process visualization

Evaluate the context rulesand fill in attribute values

NameValue

references

references

Creating a process visualization

Page 77: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Process VisualizationVisual Appearance of a Process Model: The Proviado Approach

Example

Page 78: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

PersonalizedVisualization

Process VisualizationCombining the Dimensions

Page 79: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

adapt display form(diagram, form, table, text, …)

abstracting information(process views)

adapting visual appearance(symbols, colors, …)

Process VisualizationDimensions

Page 80: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Abt

. XY

.BA

bt. X

Y-A

Abt

. XY

-C

AAAü

BBBü

EEEû

CCCü

DDDü

FFFü

GGG}

HHH

Kosten > 100

≤ 100

Prozess: Genehmigung ÄnderungAntrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005 Status 11.12.2005

Process Visualization Display Form of a Process Model

CR-request

write CR-request

check CR-request

act. Bact. A

Word

< 2 days

AAA

Abt. XZ-A

üBBB

Abt. XZ-C

ü

EEE

Abt. XZ-A

û

CCC

Abt. XZ-B

üDDD

Abt. XZ-B

ü

FFF

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üGGG

Abt. XZ-C

}HHH

Abt. XZ-A

Kos

ten

> 1

00K

oste

n ≤1

00

Dok 73BDok 73B

Fr. Tschek Hr. Apruf Fr. Tschek Hr. Apruf Fr. Tschek

Fr. Tschek

Hr. Alau Hr. Alau

Prozess: Genehmigung ÄnderungAntrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005 Status 11.12.2005

09.11.2005 15.11.2005

24.11.2005 30.11.2005

08.12.2005

Prüferg.: OKGenehmigung Änderung

ID Aktivität Anfang Abschluss DauerQ4

1 üAbt. XY-A7t09.11.200501.11.2005AAA

2 üAbt. XY-C4t15.11.200510.11.2005BBB

3 üAbt. XY-B7t24.11.200516.11.2005CCC

4 üAbt. XY-B4t30.11.200525.11.2005DDD

5 ûAbt. XY-A12t01.12.200516.11.2005EEE

6 üAbt. XY-A5t08.12.200502.12.2005FFF

7 }Abt. XY-C5t15.12.200509.12.2005GGG

8 Abt. XY-A6t23.12.200516.12.2005HHH

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-C

Abt. XY-B

Abt. XY-B

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-C

Abt. XY-A

Bearbeiterheute

Antrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005

Status 11.12.2005

A-Klasse

S-Klasse ▼

W213-XQ-14

W213-LZ-93

W213-RZ-52

M-Klasse ▼

E-Klasse ▼

01.02. heute01.03. 01.04. 01.05. 01.06.

recent Change Requests18.04.2006

Goal: Experiment with other ways of displaying processes

Page 81: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

B

A

C

H

F G

D E

J

A J>> >> >>

|||H

|||

F G>>B C>> D E>>

A

F

GH

J

B

C

D

E

A

V

C

B

E

D

V

G

F

J

H

V

Central Process Model (CPM)

a) Form-based View b) Tree-based View c) EPC-based View

Process VisualizationDisplay Form of a Process Model

Some concrete work we did in the proView project

Page 82: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Visualisierungskomponente

modify CR

initiate CRrequest

expertisegenerate expertise

generate expertise

generate expertise

generate expertise

request evaluation

provide evaluation

provide evaluation

provide evaluation

request comments

provide comments

provide comments

provide comments

provide comments

approve CR instruct realisation conclude CR

approve CRinstruct

realisationconclude CRblack box

(legacy application)

manual(remodelling)

direct import

modify CR

initiate CRrequest

expertisegenerate expertise

generate expertise

generate expertise

generate expertise log-data

Miningindirect

AAA

Abt. XZ-A

üBBB

Abt. XZ-C

ü

EEE

Abt. XZ-A

û

CCC

Abt. XZ-B

üDDD

Abt. XZ-B

ü

FFF

Abt. XZ-A

üGGG

Abt. XZ-C

}HHH

Abt. XZ-A

Kos

ten

> 1

00K

oste

n ≤1

00

Dok 73BDok 73B

Fr. Tschek Hr. Apruf Fr. Tschek Hr. Apruf Fr. Tschek

Fr. Tschek

Hr. Alau Hr. Alau

Prozess: Genehmigung ÄnderungAntrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005 Status 11.12.2005

09.11.2005 15.11.2005

24.11.2005 30.11.2005

08.12.2005

Prüferg.: OK

Genehmigung Änderung

ID Aktivität Anfang Abschluss DauerQ4

1 üAbt. XY-A7t09.11.200501.11.2005AAA

2 üAbt. XY-C4t15.11.200510.11.2005BBB

3 üAbt. XY-B7t24.11.200516.11.2005CCC

4 üAbt. XY-B4t30.11.200525.11.2005DDD

5 ûAbt. XY-A12t01.12.200516.11.2005EEE

6 üAbt. XY-A5t08.12.200502.12.2005FFF

7 }Abt. XY-C5t15.12.200509.12.2005GGG

8 Abt. XY-A6t23.12.200516.12.2005HHH

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-C

Abt. XY-B

Abt. XY-B

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-A

Abt. XY-C

Abt. XY-A

Bearbeiterheute

Antrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005

Status 11.12.2005

Abt

. XY

.BA

bt. X

Y-A

Abt

. XY

-C

AAAü

BBBü

EEEû

CCCü

DDDü

FFFü

GGG}

HHH

Kosten > 100

≤ 100

Prozess: Genehmigung ÄnderungAntrag B25KS vom 31.9.2005 Status 11.12.2005

build viewS1 S2 S3 S5assignsymbols

document:

activity:

actor:

fill up symbols

adaptstyle

name

name

symbol:activity_def

color:P1:P3:

activity name

activity name

values :

A

fonts:act.name: Arial 10ptactor: Arial 7pt

aggregate & reduce

name=“A“state=“running“

"remove activities of P2"

A B C D E

A N Eaggregate

S4calculatelayout

A B C D

A

BC

D

Process VisualizationSummary: What we achieved in Proviado?

Page 83: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Updatable Process Model Abstractions

Focus of this presentation has been on the personalized visualization of large process models

Another fundamental issue: How to enable domain experts to change large process models!

Proviado

Create

Up

dat

e

Execu

te

Ap

pea

ran

ce

proVie

Page 84: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Basic Idea: Using process views not only for visualization purpose, but also as interface for changing the underlying core process model (CPM)

Updates of a process view then have to be correctly propagated to its CPM as well as all other views on this CPM

Necessitates a formal foundation

proViewCPM

View 1' View 2 View n...

CPM‘

View 1' View 2 View n...

UpdateCPM(op1)

op1

a)

CPM‘

View 1' View 2' View n‘

op1'‘ op1'‘‘

...

b)

c)

Updatable Process Model Abstractions

Kolb, Kammerer & Reichert, 2012

Page 85: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Ambiguities when propagating view changes to the CPM

Updatable Process Model Abstractions

proView

C D EBA

AggrSESE(V1,{D,E})RedActivity(V1,B)

C DEA

Core Process Model CPM

Process View V1 on CPM

Page 86: Agenda Challenges & Basic Notions Part I: Large Process Models Part II: Large Process Model Collections Part III: Large Process Structures References

Updatable Process Model Abstractions

proView

Updating a CPM and related views after a view update!


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