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Age of Exploration: Pushing “the Limits”
Essential Question:Why would people take such great – and often dangerous!
– risks to explore places they know little about?
FreedomWealthReligionLandCuriosityAdventureTradeFame
Vocabulary Terms• Explorer• Leif Erikkson• Vinland• The Silk Road• Marco Polo• Prince Henry the
Navigator• Caravel• Bartholomeu Dias• Vasco da Gama
• Christopher Columbus• King John of Portugal• Queen Isabella and King
Ferdinand• Vasco Nunez de Balboa• Isthmus of Panama• Ferdinand Magellan• Circumnavigate• Amerigo Vespucci
What obstacles might an explorer
encounter?
The Earliest ExplorersLeif Erikson
(aka The Viking!)
- Eriksson, Ericson, Leif the Lucky
- Believed to be the first European to reach North American soil, called Vinland, in 1000 A.D.- Converted to Christianity by King Olaf I with a mission to spread the word of Christ
Video: Leif Erikkson (3:32)https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=R3GM3F7JZ2c
The Silk Road
Spices and Luxuries• Trade route/s from Eastern
Europe (present day Turkey) to China– Over 4,000 miles and very
dangerous!
• Increased commerce ($$$) between many important kingdoms and empires
• Helped spread new ideas, cultures, inventions, and unique products– Also spread disease like the
bubonic plague, otherwise known as the Black Death
• Traded silk cloth, prized for softness and luxury– China = “land of silk”
• Traded teas, salt, sugar, porcelain, carpets, and spices – mostly expensive “high-end” products, as well as cotton, ivory, wool, gold, and silver
• Traveled in large caravans with many guards
• Marco Polo one of the most well-known explorers– Italian merchant who traveled
the Silk Road most of his life– 1254 to 1324
The Portuguese
Prince HenryBartholomeu DiasVasco da Gama
Prince Henry the Navigator
• 1444-1446• Established a school for the
study of the arts of navigation, mapmaking, and shipbuilding
• Designed the caravel, a lighter and faster ship
• Persuaded his captains to sail beyond the “Green Sea of Darkness”
• Sought new sources of gold while mapping western Africa
• Goal of spreading Christianity to western Africa
Prince Henry’s Caravel Design
Bartholomeu Dias– 1488 - Rounded the
southern tip of Africa– Came closest to
discovering a water route to Asia
Vasco da Gama
-1498 - Rounded the southern tip of Africa AND reached India! - Found a water route to Asia, brought back a small (but impressive!) collection of jewels and spices, encouraged further exploration
Monument to the DiscoveriesPadrão dos Descobrimentos
The Spanish ExplorersChristopher
Columbus• 1492• Rejected by his friend, King
John of Portugal• Sought a new trade route to
China• Sailed for King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella of Spain• “Discovered” many of the
Caribbean Islands, South America, and Central America
Vasco NÚÑEZ
de Balboa
- 1513 – Additional exploration of the Caribbean Sea
- Discovered the Isthmus of Panama, the small strip of land that connects Central America and South America, which then led to his discovery of the Pacific Ocean
- You Tube: Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1:31) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggtksTWwl60
Isthmus of Panama
Ferdinand Magellan• 1519• Led the first expedition to
circumnavigate the world• Sailed through the Straits of
Magellan and into the Pacific Ocean
You Tube: Animaniacs: Ballad of Magellen
Amerigo Vespucci- Columbus had already
“discovered” several Caribbean and Central American islands
- Early accounts of Vespucci’s voyages, now believed to have been forgeries, had quickly spread throughout Europe
- In 1507, using these letters as his guide, a German cartographer created a new map, naming the territory now known as South America in Vespucci’s honor
- For the first time, the word
“America” was in print.
Review & Discussion1. What problem might there be with using Viking myths as historical
sources?
2. What was the importance of the Silk Road?
3. Why would explorers take such dangerous risks?
4. What were some of their fears or obstacles? Dangers?
5. How did the achievements of Balboa and Magellan change the way in which people viewed the world?
6. Why do you think coastal European countries, such as Spain and Portugal, sent explorers to North America, but inland countries did not?
7. Who funded these explorations? Why?
8. Why were Europeans unaware of what they might find on their voyages of discovery? What do we know now that they wouldn’t have known then?