AFDF  Energy  Management  

Program  Mike  Gaffney,  C.E.M.,  C.E.A.,  C.P.Q.  

USCG  Licensed  Chief  Engineer,  Unlimited  HP  Exec  VP  Engineering,  Alaris  Companies  

October  14,  2013  Kodiak,  Alaska  

Outline

 What is Energy Efficiency  Hull Power and Speed  Refrigeration System  Hydraulic System  Auxiliary Electrical Generation  Lighting

Ship  Energy  Efficiency:  The  Big  Picture  

& losses and waste (next page)

Electrical  Equipment  Efficiency  

Generator  

Torque Energy from Engine

Heat Losses 2 to 30%

Electricity  

Transmission Heat Losses 1 - 2%

Transformer  

Transformer Heat Loss 2 - 30%

Light  ballast  and  

bulb  

Motor  

Heat Losses: Up to 98%

Useful work, Light

Pump   Fan  

Heat Loss: 2 - 40%

Heat Loss: 5-20%

Heat Loss 5 -20%

Air Movement

Fluid Movement

Electrical Energy when converted from one form to another by electrical equipment has an associated efficiency (waste energy).

Engine  Efficiency  Curve  

200  

220  

240  

260  

280  

300  

320  

340  

BSFC  (g

/kWh)  

Power  (kW)  

C15  /  C18  /  3412  EFFICIENCY  COMPARISON  

C15  DITA  (STBY)  -­‐  500  kW  

3412  PCTA  (STBY)  -­‐  520  kW  

C18  DITA  (PRIME)  -­‐  500kW  

C18  DITA  (PRIME)  545  kW  

Load  Range  

Various Fishing Vessel Energy Performance Curves

0.0  

100.0  

200.0  

300.0  

400.0  

500.0  

600.0  

700.0  

800.0  

900.0  

0   20   40   60   80   100   120   140  

BSF

C  G

/kW

h  

Horsepower  

Woodstock  Cummins  NH  220  Fuel  Efficiency  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

120  

140  

0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  

Hor

sepo

wer

 

Speed  Knots  

Woodstock    39’    Power    vs  Speed  

Woodstock    

0.0  

10.0  

20.0  

30.0  

40.0  

50.0  

60.0  

70.0  

80.0  

90.0  

0   20   40   60   80   100   120   140  

Cen

ts/k

Wh  

Horsepower  

Cents/kWh  at  3.75/gal  

0.0  

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

0.8  

0.9  

0   2   4   6   8   10  

Gallons

/Nau

tica

l  Mile  

Speed  overground,  Knots  

Woodstock,  Stabilizer  and  Fuel  Penalty  

Woodstock  no  stabilizers  

With  Stabilizer  

Fuel  Cost:    1,000  NM/yr  @  5kts  

With:  $11,652  Without:  $7,302  Difference:$4,344  

0  

250  

500  

750  

1,000  

1,250  

1,500  

1,750  

2,000  

2,250  

2,500  

3.5   4   4.5   5   5.5   6   6.5   7   7.5   8  

Fuel  Cos

t  ($)  

Speed  (kts)  

Woodstock  Fuel  Cost/1,000  miles  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

120  

140  

160  

0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  

Shaft  H

orse

power

 

Speed  (kts)  

Myriad  Shaft  HP  vs  Speed  

Myriad    

0.00  

0.20  

0.40  

0.60  

0.80  

1.00  

1.20  

2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  

Gallons

/NM  

Speed  Kts  

Gallon/NM  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

120  

140  

0   2   4   6   8   10  

Hor

sepo

wer

 

Speed  

Salty:  Gillnetter    

Radio  GM  3-­‐71    

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

120  

0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  

Cen

ts/k

Wh  

Horspower  

Cents/kWh  at  3.75/gal  

Radio  GM  3-­‐71    

0  

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0   2   4   6   8   10  

Gallons

/NM  

Speed  

Gal/NM  

0  

100  

200  

300  

400  

500  

600  

700  

800  

900  

1000  

0   2   4   6   8   10   12  

Shaft  H

orse

power

 

Speed  KTS  

Topaz:  Shaft  HP  vs  Speed  

0  

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

0.8  

0.9  

1  

0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90   100   110   120  

$/kW

-­‐hr  

Generator  kW  

Savage  Generator  kW-­‐hour  cost  based  on  engine  load  

3304B  Turbo  

3304B  NA  High  load  

3304B  Turbo  High  load  

Power(3304B  Turbo)  

Poly.(3304B  NA  High  load)  

Poly.(3304B  Turbo  High  load)  

25 kW

45 kW

5kW

10 kW

Heaters (4 kW)

Base load, (1.5 kW)

Oven and Stove (5 kW)

Deck Lights (8 kW)

Topaz Shore Power Load Test

Refrigeration System

15  

20  

25  

30  

35  

10:22   10:24   10:27   10:30   10:33   10:36   10:39   10:42   10:45  

Pow

er  (k

W)  

Topaz  RSW  Compressor:  Power    and  Compressor    Discharge  Pressure  

180  PSI:  $18,000  Fuel  /2,000  hrs  of  operacon  

160  PSI  

140  PSI:      $13,800  Fuel/2,000  hrs  of  operacon  

MOTORS  CONTROL  Motor Variable

Frequency Drives (VFD) Steering Gear, Fans,

Pumps, Winches

VFD for Aux S.W. Cooling Pump

Motor  Efficiency  

http://ngelmuelektro.wordpress.com/2011/06/24/motor-efficiency

0.00  

0.50  

1.00  

1.50  

2.00  

2.50  

Pow

e  (k

W)  

Date  and  Time  

Savage  Steering  Gear  #1  and  #2  

0  

0.1  

0.2  

0.3  

0.4  

0.5  

0.6  

0.7  

0.8  

0.9  

1  

14:24   14:52   15:21   15:50   16:19   16:48   17:16  

Pow

er  (k

W)  

Topaz  Steering  Gear  

VFD on Hydraulic Steering 70% reduction in Energy Usage 0  

1  

2  

3  

4  

5  

POW

ER  (K

W)    

TRADITIONAL  HYDRAULIC  STEERING  GEAR  

0.0  

0.5  

1.0  

1.5  

POW

ER  (K

W)  

VFD  CONTROLLED  STEERING  GEAR  

$4,500 in Fuel / 5,000 hrs

$1,125 in Fuel / 5,000 hrs

Improper Rudder Control

Additional annual fuel cost if not repaired: $300,000

HIGH  EFFICIENCY  LIGHTING  

• Fluorescent Bulbs and Ballast • T12 Bulbs and Ballast phased out • Match Ballast to Bulbs • Specs for Bulbs and Ballast

• LED • New Technology • Life and Lumen output improved • Cost decreasing • Ensure quality LED used • Thermal Management of LED

ENERGY  STAR  LABEL  ENERGY  STAR  LABEL  REQUIREMENTS  

 Must  be  a  good  investment   Non  –proprietary   Must  deliver  same  features    and  performance     Energy  savings  and    performance    tested  and    verified  

Thank  You!