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Arynn MartinMarch 16th, 2015
Adventure Learning!
High Ropes CourseIES AbroadTasmania, Australia 2011
Exploring the “terrifying” Australian wilderness!
Agendao What is Adventure Learning?o Traditional frameworko Components of Adventure Learningo New technology-integrated frameworko Combination Approacho Gaps and Disadvantages
o TRADITIONAL definitiono “experiential learning method that focuses on the development of
teamwork and leadership skills thorough structured activities” (Noe)o What are some examples?o What is it best for?
What is Adventure Learning?
o “In essence, we have discovered an educational black box; we know something works but we don’t know why or how” (Ewert, 1983)
o Positive Outcomeso Increase in self-concepto Better interpersonal skills
o What is it about adventure learning that leads to the outcomes?
It’s fun…but is that it?
o How are adventure education program outcomes achieved?o Largely based on theory, rather than empirical evidenceo Contributing program characteristics
o Physical environmento Activitieso Processingo The Groupo The Instructoro Individual participants
Literature Review (McKenzie, 2000)
o Contrast of unfamiliar environmento State of dissonanceo Constructive level of anxietyo Wilderness is optimalo Rules are natural consequences
Physical Environment
(Nadler, 1993; Kimball & Bacon, 1993)
o It’s the quality that matterso Must need to work to master skill of the activityo Tasks that require teamwork to be completedo “doing” the behavior vs. thinking or talkingo GRABBS checklist (Schoel et al., 1988)
o Goals, Readiness, Affect, Behavior, Body, Stage of Developmento Challenge by choice
Activities
(Walsh & Golins, 1976; Kimball & Bacon, 1993)
o Three models for facilitating process (Bacon, 1987)1) Mountains speak for themselves2) Outward bound plus3) Metaphoric model o Noe’s pick is a combination of 2 and 3
Processing
(Bacon, 1987; Conrad & Hedin, 1981)
o Group size matters (7-15 ideal)o Enough to encourage diversity but limit cliques
o Reciprocityo Realizing you are valued by other group members
o Autonomyo Still able to make independent decisions
The Group
(Conrad & Hedin, 1981)
o Research from survey ratingso Biographical characteristics (Riggins,
1985)o Experience & educationo Ageo 4+ siblingso Maleo Female (Phipps & Claxton, 1997)
o Personality doesn’t matter unless bado Competitive, confrontational,
unsympathetico (Hopkins & Putnam, 1993)
Instructors
Aaron Doering, U of M
o Short term effects larger for adults o Attitude matters Perceived benefit & Match challenge to skillo Males value power or dominance activitieso Females prefer trust activities
Participants
o “an approach to the design of online and hybrid education that provides students with opportunities to explore real-world issues through authentic learning experiences with collaborative learning environments” (Doering, 2006)o The Jason Projecto The World of Wonderso Blue Zoneso Expedschoolso GoNorth!
New Definition of Adventure Learning
o Constructivist teachers have higher student motivationo Collaboration and interaction between all partieso Authentic data, connections, and open inquiryo Interactive online learning environment
Review of Adventure Learning(Velesianos & Kleanthous, 2009)
Adventure Learning
Media Artifacts
Synched Learning
Adventure-based
Internet-driven
Pedagogical Guidelines
Collaborative
Inquiry-based
Issue & Place Aaron Doering
Adventure Learning Framework
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfrIUoGqxfw
o Arctic Dogsled expeditiono Weekly trail reportso Dog trackingo Student inquiry send-a-noteo Expert chats in real timeo Collaborative zones
GoNorth!
Old School or New School?o Greffrath et al. 2013 – center based vs. outdoor-basedo Center-based = better communication, productiveness,
competitiono Outdoor based = better group moraleo BEST = center-based first followed by outdoor based
o ADA – not all employees can participateo Not applicable to all fields and jobso “elitist” – not everyone is an expert or has internet accesso Hard to measure success – surveys don’t get the whole picture
o Rather than testing knowledge, should investigate inquiry & synthesis
o Semi-structured video diary room as a measure? (Cooley et al., 2014)
Disadvantages
o Still don’t really know how it works…o What activities are better for individual vs. team growth?o How do you align the activities to real world learning objectives?
Gaps in the Literature
THANK YOU
