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(Portuguese)

(Bahasa Melayu/Indonesia)

Azadliqciragi.org

(Azerbaijani)

Cheragheazadi.org(Persian)

Chiraiazadi.org

(Kurdish)

Guominliyi.org

(Chinese)

(English & Swahili)

(Urdu)

(Hindi)(French)

(Russian)

Minbaralhurriyya.org

(Arabic)

Our Brands

Doimoi.org

(Vietnamese)

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Dear Friend of Freedom,

They are spread all over the globe. They workday and night on behalf of freedom. They work inthirteen languages. Their slogan is the slogan of thePolish freedom ghters; they ght Za nasz i waszwolno: For our freedom and yours. They are theteams of the Atlas Global Initiative for Free Trade, Peace,and Prosperity. I want to introduce you to them and their

work.Some are named in this short report. Some

cannot be, because it is too dangerous for them. Theyrepresent the cutting edge of the freedom movementworldwide. It is my privilege and honor to work withthem.

The Atlas Global Initiative was born at the CatoInstitute as the Center for Promotion of Human Rights.Those programs were entrusted on January 1 of 2009to the Atlas Economic Research Foundation to realizegreater synergies with Atlass array of programs to assist think tanks and Intellectual Entrepreneurs forfreedom worldwide.

I invite you to leaf through the pages that follow to see what the life of the freedom activists ofthe Atlas Global Initiative is like: they smuggle books into Iran and other closed countries; they organizeFreedom Schools, policy conferences, seminars, workshops, and more; they translate the classics ofliberty and they write and produce new books; they get our ideas into the popular media newspapers,magazines, television shows, and online media; they go where freedom is most needed. Most of us feelmore comfortable with Benjamin Franklins beautiful sentiment: Where liberty is, there is my country.But our colleagues have committed themselves to Tom Paines motto: Where liberty is not, there is mycountry.

Our generous sponsors and partners have made all of this work possible. I thought it important toshare with you a look into what they have made possible. This partnership is important to us, and to theliterally billions of people worldwide who deserve the chance to live in freedom.

Cordially,

Dr. Tom G. Palmer

Vice President for International Programs

Atlas Economic Research Foundation

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Our MethodsTo bring the ideas and policies of freedom to readers of Russian,Chinese, Arabic, Persian, Vietnamese, Hindi, and other languages,the Atlas Global Initiative maintains 13 brands, each with a web-based platform in that language (or, in the case of English-speakingAfrica, tailored for the continent) for launching ideas and productsand encouraging more and more people to understand and embracethe policies of toleration, property, free trade, the rule of law, respectfor individual rights, and peace. Each brand corresponds to an easy-to-remember internet URL (for example, Minbaralhurriyya.org meansForum of Liberty in Arabic). All products (books, Freedom Schools,syndicated articles, videos, etc.) are branded, including the web address,so a consumer who sees a book or a brochure can go to the webplatform and nd much, much more, including interactive quizzes andmaps of theEconomic Freedom of the World Report, videos, onlinelibraries of articles, studies, and books, essay contests, invitations tolectures and Freedom Schools, and more. The following pages showsome of the methods the Atlas Economic Research Foundation is usingto spread the ideas and the policies of freedom.

The Atlas Global Initiative for Free Trade, Peace, and Prosperity seeks to increase theunderstanding of ideas and policies based on the inalienable human rights to life, liberty,and the pursuit of happiness. It offers a human-rights-based alternative to coerciveideologies worldwide by showing the justice and the practical benets of personal libertyand limitations on state power. The Initiative creates, manages, and promotes products andprograms in a number of languages and encourages worldwide cooperation among thosewho understand and value liberty.

The Mission of the Atlas Global Initiative

The Atlas MissionTo discover, develop and support Intellectual Entrepreneurs worldwide who canadvance the Atlas vision of a society of free and responsible individuals.

Atlas maintains a wide range of programs to discover,develop, and support Intellectual Entrepreneurs who

embrace freedom and are willing to defend it, advanceit, and share it. Those programs include awards, prizes,grants, expert consultation, and training. In 2009, Atlasundertook a new initiative to take liberty to regionswhere such work can be especially difcult. The AtlasGlobal Initiative is organized by a team of committedfriends of freedom who are native speakers of over adozen languages. They work around the globe to bringthe ideas of freedom to people in their own languages,through authentic indigenous voices in person, on the

internet, in libraries and bookstores, in Freedom Schools and lecture tours, in policy conferences withtop policy makers, on university campuses, in business groups, on television,YouTube, YouKu, RuTube,and Vimeo, through Facebook, Orkut, and Twitter - in short, through every means by which the ideas of

liberty can be shared, embraced, and implemented. The Atlas Global Initiative takes freedom to difcultplaces, such as Afghanistan, Central Asia, Ukraine, Pakistan, Vietnam, Iraq, Mozambique, Nigeria, andAngola, to name a few.

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16)Re-inventing Civil Society: Rediscovery of Welfare Without Politics, by David Green (Russian)

17)Adam Smith: A Primer, by Eamon Butler (Chinese)

18)In Defense of Global Capitalism, by Johan Norberg (Chinese)

19)Reviving the Invisible Hand: The Case for Classical Liberalism in the Twenty-rst Century, by Deepak Lal(Russian)

20) Human Action, by Ludwig von Mises (Portuguese)21) Capital Freedom of China: 2009 Annual Report, by Feng Xingyuan, Mao Shoulong

and Xia Yeliang (Chinese)

22) The Evolution of Cooperation, by Robert Axelrod (Arabic)

23)Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism, by Timur Kuran (Arabic)

24) Who Needs an Islamic State? by Abdelwahab El-Affendi (Arabic)

25)Real Federalism, by Michael S. Greve (Chinese)

26)Reinventing Civil Society: Rediscovery of Welfare without Politics, by David Green (Chinese)

27)Rules and Choice in Economics, by Viktor J. Vanberg (Chinese)

28)Rules, Games and Common Pool Resources, by Elinor Ostrom (Chinese)

29) The Meaning of Democracy and the Vulnerability of Democracies, by Vicent Ostrom (Chinese)

30)Freedom and Federalism, by Felix Morley (Chinese)

31) On Liberty, by John Stuart Mill (Kurdish) 4

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Learning, discussing, debating, and thinking are central to the spread of the ideas of freedom. In 2009, the AtlasGlobal Initiative organized 13 Freedom Schools in 11 countries. Qualied faculty interacted - in lectures, indiscussion groups, and over meals - with competitively selected students (often identied through essay contests)to explain how order emerges from voluntary interaction, the role of property rights in economic development,and how the ideas of freedom are connected with the institutions of limited government and the rule of law. Thestudents listen and learn, but also present their own ideas and proposals in workshops, panels, and debates. The

languages of instruction for the 2009 Freedom Schools included English, Russian, French, Arabic, Chinese, andBahasa. Some were held in partnership with local organizations and many were funded through the generosity ofthe Smith Family Foundation.

Atlas Global InitiativeFreedom Schools

Penang, Malaysia: AkademiMerdeka.org Freedom School

Accra, Ghana: AfricanLiberty.org Freedom School

Madhiyya, Morocco: Minbaralhurriyya.org Freedom School5

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Huangzhou, China: Guominliyi.org Freedom School

Huangzhou, China: Guominliyi.org Freedom School

Harissa, Lebanon: Minbaralhurriyya.org Freedom School

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Grand Bassam, Ivory Coast: UnMondeLibre.org Freedom School

Madhiyya, Morocco: UnMondeLibre.org Freedom School

Leuven, Belgium: IES Europe Freedom School

Selangor, Malaysia: AkademiMerdeka.org Freedom School7

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Gudauri, Georgia: IES - Europe Freedom School

Gummersbach, Germany: IES - Europe Freedom School

Odessa, Ukraine: InLiberty.ru Freedom School

Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan: InLiberty.ru/CAFMI Freedom School 8

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Conferences &Lecture Tours

Atlas Executive Vice President Leonard Liggio gives the keynoteopening address at the European Resource Bank in Marseille,France.

Famous Soviet era dissident Vladimir Bukovsky makes a point atthe European Resource Bank in Marseille, France.

AkademiMerdeka Editor Wan Saiful Wan Jan and Tom G. Palmermeet with MPs Yusmadi Yusof and Liew Chin Tong in Penang.

Atlas Vice President Tom G. Palmer delivers the annual JulianSimon Lecture in New Delhi, India.

Atlas Global Initiative works a great deal with students, but by no means exclusively. Atlas teams also organize

lecture tours that put qualied scholars and teachers of liberty before audiences, as well as strategy conferences,

policy conferences, and more. Strategy conferences bring together think-tank leaders, journalists, students, policy

makers, lawyers, civic activists, businesspeople, and others to exchange best practices in the promotion of libertyand to formulate strategies and coordinate plans for the advancement of freedom. The Brazilian Strategies for

Liberty conference in Porto Alegre and the European Resource Bank (organized by Atlas partner IES - Europe

with Atlas support) meeting in Marseille are examples. Policy conferences bring scholars, policy makers,

businesspeople, and journalists together to discuss, formulate, and debate concrete policy recommendations. The

conference on the the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Start of Chinas Reform Process in Beijing and the Egypt Audit

meeting in Cairo are also examples.

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Businessman Emil Umetaliev and Tom Palmer explains free marketsin Bishkek; Umetaliev later became the CAFMI chairman.

Atlass Tom Palmer meets with Central Asian business students withMirsulzhan Namazaliev, who later co-founded CAFMI.

Bulgarian Institute for Market Economics Pres. Krassen Stanchevexplains the nancial crisis to journalists in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

OrdemLivre.org Editor Diogo Costa opens the Brazilian Strategiesfor Liberty conference in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Palmer and InLiberty.ru writer Peter Kaznacheev pose withOleksandr Yarema of Ukrainian Foundation for Support of Reform.

Tom G. Palmer addresses student leaders in Dushanbe,Tajikistan.

Tom Palmer briefs government cabinet advisors in Dushanbe, Tajiki-stan on the benets of free trade and free markets.

OrdemLivre.orgs Diogo Costa and Bruno Garschagen meet withleaders of the CEMO think tank in Mozambique.

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InLiberty.ru writer Peter Kaznacheev explains the principles ofliberty in Kyiv.

CAFMIs Mirsulzhan Namazaliev leads a workshop during theInLiberty.ru/CAFMI Freedom School in Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan.

A student poses a question to Tom Palmer after a lecture at the OshNational University in Osh, Kyrgyzstan.

Atlas team members address the Young Professionals Society ofKazakhstan in Almaty.

A presentation on trends in public opinion at the Brazilian Strategiesfor Liberty conference in Porto Alegre Brazil.

OrdemLivre.orgs Bruno Garschagen and Gabriel Araujo at theForum da Liberdade in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Deepak Lal presents the Russian edition ofReviving the InvisibleHandin Moscow at the Institute of Higher Economics.

A discussion of principles of free enterprise at the OrdemLivre.orgconference at Mondlane University in Maputo, Mozambique. 12

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Atlas Global Initiative team members from 15 countries meet in Aix-en-Provence, France.

Economist Chatib Basri discusses the dangers of renewedprotectionism at AkademiMerdeka.org Seminar in Jakarta,Indonesia.

Far Left: OrdemLivre.orgs Bruno Garschagen being interviewed by Mozambican radio.

Second From Left: OrdemLivre.orgs Diogo Costa being interviewed by a Maputo radio station.

Second From Right: Tom G. Palmer describes the legacy of Communism at the Oslo Freedom Forum.

Far Right: Czech President Vaclav Klaus addresses the European Resource Bank meeting in Marseille, France.

Tom G. Palmer explains the interventionist roots of the nancialcrisis and the dangers of additional interventionsm to the Indonesianmedia at an AkademiMerdeka.org conference in Jakarta.

Minbaralhurriyya.org Editor Nouh El Harmouzi explains theimportance of economic freedom on Egyptian TV at the Egypt Auditin Cairo, Egypt.

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Freedom On the (Brazilian) Road

Students attend the Freedom on the Road seminar at the Universityof Curitiba.

Diogo Costa explains the dangers of unlimited power at IBMECBusiness School in Belo Horizonte.

Freedom on the Road at the Universidade Federal Do EspiritoSanto in Vitoria.

Freedom on the Road at the Faculdade Mario Schemberg, aprivate university in Sao Paulo.

The Atlas Global InitiativesOrdemLivre.org Freedom on the Roadcampaign took key members of theAtlas team across 4,520 miles of Brazil,with stops in 13 cities and well-attendedseminars and conferences at 17 universities

The whole event was planned andorchestrated by OrdemLivre.org EditorDiogo Costa and OrdemLivre.org ManagerBruno Garschagen. They teamed up withLucas Mafaldo, Rodrigo Constantino, andlocal professors to introduce thousands ofyoung Brazilians to the ideas of the freesociety.

Team members also appeared ontelevision and in the Brazilian print media

as a result of the tour. Especially promisingfor the longer term is the formation ofOrdemLivre.org-afliated study groupson ve Brazilian campuses (more areexpected) and a social network involvinghundreds of Brazilian students who signedup at the seminars.

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Essay ContestsAtlas Global Initiative teams operate on the premise that the best way to promote freedom is not to seek to instilldogmas, but to challenge intelligent minds to think. Accordingly, Atlas teams organize essay contests in variouslanguages and regions to introduce students to the ideas of freedom. The essay contests attract hundreds of en-trants and identify the best writers for participation in Atlas Freedom Schools. The best essays also bring prizesand awards to the authors, as well as being published on the appropriate Atlas Global Initiative platforms.

Essay contest winners receive recognition at the InLiberty.ruFreedom School in Odessa, Ukraine from Ella Panayekh and AndreiIllarioov.

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New Initiative Platforms

Location: Vietnam

Editor: Cong Minh Nguyen

Website: http://www.doimoi.org

After two years of email correspondence between Cong Minh Nguyen andAtlass Tom Palmer, including a grant to translate into Vietnamese F. A. HayeksThe Constitution of Liberty, in early 2009 Palmer asked Atlas Asia coordinator JudeBlanchette to travel from Shanghai (where he was then living) to Hanoi to meet withNguyen. The result was a plan to launch a platform in Vietnamese.

DoiMoi.org focuses on presenting positive improvement to the institutionsof Vietnam and to promote a freer and more open society. To achieve suchimprovements in freedom and prosperity, DoiMoi.org publishes reviews and commentary on the critical issuesaffecting Vietnam and its future. DoiMoi.org is founded on belief in the free exchange of ideas, the values ofthe free enterprise system, the rule of law, and the importance of individual choice in an open and prosperouscommunity. The website features regular book reviews, audio interviews, web videos, and an online library ofclassical liberal books and essays. The website was launched at the end of October, 2009 and has already producedvideos and original articles in Vietnamese. The editors are working with the Atlas Global Initiative staff to utilizesocial networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, and to become involved in the Vietnam Website Directory.Conferences, seminars, essay contests, and Freedom Schools are also planned.

Location: India

Editors: Baishali Bomjan and Parth Shah

Website: http://www.azadi.me

In collaboration with the Centre for Civil Society (CCS),the Atlas Global Initiative helped launch the online Hindi-language,Azadi.me portal in early August 2009. To kick off the launch, a pressconference was held with prominent editors, writers, and political thinkers.

CCS President Parth Shah presented the website, which offersthree general categories of material: classics, commentary, and publicpolicy studies. The rst offers the works of classical liberal writersfrom around the world, most for the rst time ever in Hindi. Thesecond offers op-eds, reviews, and short essays on current issues andtopics that affect India and the wider world. The third provides detailedstudies of legislation, regulation, and policies that have an impact on thefreedom and prosperity of Indians.

Shah stated that, Azadi.me is therefore an initiative to bringthe best in liberal thinking to one of the worlds largest audiences and

to provide them with aplatform to learn, shareand freely pen downtheir thought. He added:We must move fromindependence to fullfreedom.

The Azadi.me team isusing the platform to spreadthe ideas of liberty among the hundreds of millions of speakers of Hindi.(Expansion plans include adding other regional languages of India, suchas Gujarati and Punjabi.) Already, an essay contest has been organized

and a Freedom School in Hindi is planned. The Azadi.me team isworking to use Facebook, Twitter, and other social networking tools topromote freedom.

Azadi.me was launched by three distinguishedIndian journalists, who all jointly pressed a buttonto launch the site. They are Mr. Gurcharan Das,Author ofIndia Unbound, Mr. Shrawan Garg,Group Editor,Dainik Bhaska, and Dr. Ved PratapVaidik, political thinker and former Editor of

Navbharat Times andPTI Bhasha.

Azadi.me co-editor Dr. Parth Shah explains thefeatures of the platform at a news conference inNew Delhi.

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Ba des lycens de premire ES.Mais,silestvrai queles catastro-phes, maladies et autres pollu-tions participent malencontreu-sement ce quon appelle lacroissanceduPIB,nomettonspasnon plus les gaspillages dargentpublics, et les efforts minutieuxentrepris par le lgislateur pourcompliquer chaque jour la fisca-litparexempleetles efforts toutaussi minutieux de toute une in-dustriequifaitsonprofitsurcettecomplicationartificielle(avocatsfiscalistesetc.): ces destructionsde valeur et obstacles dlibr-ment crs sont effectivementune aberration dans le calcul, enpositif, de la croissance du PIB.Faut-il pour autant jeter cettedernire?Parailleurs,enplusdesdifficultscapturerdesconceptstelsqueledegrdebonheuroudeloisir, les indicateurs correspon-dant demeureront ncessaire-mentchiffrs

Ensuite, la moyenne est dan-gereuse selon le prsident parcequelleeffacelesingalits,lesdis-parits.Certes.Personnenecher-che le masquer. Mais dune partil existe l aussi des statistiquesplus fines etdes mesures delin-galit. Dautre part, la ralit esteffectivement que le dveloppe-ment conomique dans un pays,unergion,ouunterritoiredonnnest pas du tout homogne. Cest

unedonne peut-treregr ettable,maisdeparlanaturedelhomme,de la gographie et de lconomieil faut faire avec. Et le meilleurmoyendyfairefacecestencorelacroissanceduPIBquidpendjus-tement dinstitutions appro-priesdontlaqualitestmesurepar des indicateurs omis par leprsident.

ANTI-MARCHComme en septembre 2008,M. Sarkozy grne le chapelet

anti-march, et reprend lexem-pledelacrise.Pourtant,depuisunan, nombre danalyses ont d-montr les origines politiques dela crise immobilire amricaine,que cela soit en matire de politi-que montaire, de politique so-ciale daccs au crdit (rductiondelapportpersonnelparlAmeri-

can Dream Downpayment Act,objectifstrsrisqus,entermederefinancement hypothcairepour les mnages peu fiables, dudpartement de limmobilier ur-bainfixsFannieMaeetFreddieMac), ou mme des politiques derestriction de lespace loriginede la bulle immobilire. Pas detrace dans le discours du prsi-dent: le march serait luniqueresponsable. Cest videmmentpratique pour les hommes politi-ques qui veulent poser en sau-

veurs des marchs.Les entrepreneurs ont d dail-

leurscouteravecintrtlatiradesur le march, dans lequel le pr-sident croit, mais qui nest selonluipasporteurdesens,derespon-sabilit, de projet, ou de vision.Les SteveJobs,Peugeot,etautresapprcierontoummedesgenscomme Norman Borlaug, pre delarvolutionvertedcdrcem-

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LERETOURDELA FRANCEOncomprend letondonnlale-on de M.Sarkozy: la Sorbonneest devenue tout coup le centredattentiondumondeetlaFranceaainsimontrlechemin,initiun

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i ivi -

j i l 11 t r , c rt i

r t i ut .u i i t r ti r

T i T r t ffir ,i t r i ri ur l

i f, u c l t i t t u l t -

. i l c u c c l r t u rc i i f t r u it l t 2

l r l i ul ti u r rtl c i i u t i

l c r l i i t r tiu -C .

L c c lu i t i t t ll ti , l t t , u rt u t , u rr i i t c t r - r itu l l t i ll l c ur i i t

r t u r , c i t if i u t -r t . t r u ui t t f-

f c tu ult r i ur t, il r rtu l t j ur . U : u-

cu i li t crc t r l t .

u : ucu c , l ff r -t t u r j u l l u TC

u tr r u r l cru i 7 7 t l i c -

i r ui t ui i.u c tr ir tr u l -

c r u TC t r ct r i t ,u l i f r-

ui t u trict t ili-t i r ui rt c u r l ci r.

ul l r i u tri li-t c r ui t.

i i i i -- i i

i i u r i r t ,

G r u r fu li ut ll c i i . r u i, il

t c tr i t c r t lr i ul ir , i li i-

t t u i u l l titu lc i i : , u

t t u u r ilc ir ct ur cutif.

ff 7 i y .

L t ructi c t i u l t r ti u t ti -

l r rt l c i -i u t , i c t uri r u l l l ic t iur l r i l c ut c t

i u l 1 t r ut,it l ui l t l T ur t-

r ri . L ff r tl T u r7, c t l t l c i lll r i u .

i j i,i -

v -.

ci t i t crt tf r u fil ut .

tr u i t ll c tu l ,c i t if i u , i li t i r , -i r , u u l t j i t

r f ill icti .C ci ti r tr u t u-

j ur ui u l c u u /11t f r T ru t .

i c t l i i t r tiui rit l tli r

l r l . L u u r i tr c u r u r -

t cl u i t t r i r li-r u ult. t ir ilu r r l l r u ut l r -

c .ur l i t t il l ut t r c u-

l . E t t t, t t Cu u t c t u r c u

r u , u ui ff rc t uil i

cc r tr iti clEt t - U i .

-i ii y y ff y -i , i

2 2) -i

L u l t r t T i r r -t ir u r i tr t t.

C ui t l 11 t r2 1 t utr c u lf r ic t i u j u ti fi c ti

r ti j l ifi f-i t , ui I r . Et, c r c r rt

u Tri u l l i t r t i -l. illi

- l t

11 t r : l v rit c ch ,

E ri c n u , i t i n A l h , 3 -

, 21, ur .

Nicolas Sarkozy veutque la France montrela voie suivre pourmesurer le bien-trede la populationautrementquensefocalisantsur le PIB.

AFP

PhotoDoc

DUSAMEDI12

AULUNDI14 SEPTEMBRE2009 LEcho 49

DBATS & OPINIONS

Retour sur les origines politiquesde la dbcle conomique

Les ditos se sontenchans depuisdes mois pour fus-tigerlecapitalismeet le laisser-fairesupposment lorigine de la crise

actuelle. Les hommes politiquesde gauche comme de droite sesont empars de laffaire pour ap-paratrecommeles sauveurs desmarchs. Cette version quelquepeu nave des faits a pu conforteragrablement certains dans leuridologie collectiviste, et donnunprtexteinesprauxhommespolitiques poursexonrerunpeuplus dunegestionresponsabledelargentpublic,circonstancesex-ceptionnellesdelacriseobligent:il ne faut jamais laisser gaspillerune bonne crise, a pu dclarerRahm Emmanuel, bras droit deBarackObama.

Cestoublierunpeurapidementles responsabilits politiques lorigine de la crise. En effet, si lesmarchs se sont comports demanireirresponsable,au-deldelappt du gain et de larnaque decertains,ainsiquedesinnovationstrs exotiques, cest sans douteque les mcanismes de la respon-sabilit justement, qui sont laboussole des marchs, nont pasjou. Du fait dinterfrences poli-tiques.

Dans la crise qui nous intresse,il est instructif de constater quchaquetapeduprocessusdachatdune maison aux Etats-Unis, di- verses rglementations et pres-sions politiques ont justementempch les marchs de se coor-donner:ilestalorsdifficiledepar-lerdunecrisedulibremarch.

ACHATDUNEMAISON Premier lment dans lachatdunemaison:leprix.Leproblmedu cot croissant du logementamricain ntait pas nationalmais concentr sur certaines vil-les des Etats-Unis:SanFrancisco,New York, ou Phoenix. Ces villesontencommununmarchimmo-bilier dysfonctionnel. Pourquoi?Loffredeterrainy estartificielle-mentrestreintedemanirepoliti-que pour prserver la commu-naut: le march ne peut plusfonctionner. Ces villes, o le fon-cier est restreint par les smartgrowth policies, sont bullaires:les prix y augmentent plus vite,maisytombentaussiplusvitelorsdunretournement.Deuximelment:letauxdin-

trt. Une bonne partie des prtsaux USA taient taux variable,bass sur le taux dintrt direc-teur de la banque centrale amri-caine. Les variations de la politi-que montaire qui nest pas lemarch ont donc eu une in-fluence majeure sur les prts taux variable. Ds la fin 2001, laFederal Reserve a abaiss le FedFunds Rate pour les maintenirjusqu un niveau de 1% entre mi2003 et mi 2004. Puis avec la re-monte importante des tauxbeaucoup demprunteurs tauxvariable ont t pris la gorge dufaitdelanouvellepolitiquemon-taire. Beaucoup avaient mis surla hausse continue des prix pourrevendreavecplus-valueencasdedifficults rembourser. Mais

lorsque tout le monde fait lammeopration,lesprixbaissent! Troisimement: lapport per-sonnel. Cest un lment impor-tant dinformation sur le srieuxet la fiabilit de lemprunteur.GeorgeW.BushafaitvoterlAme-rican Dream Downpayment Actde 2003 qui vise rduire etplus tard supprimer lapportpersonnel. Ce dispositif rgle-

mentairevisaitfaciliterlaccs la proprit, le rve amricain,en court-circuitant les mcanis-mes de march en matire dva-luation du risque. Il a eu commeeffetperversdenepluspermettrede slectionner les emprunteurssrieux. Le quatrime lment est lac-compagnement de lemprunteurpar linstitution de crdit. Alors

quen Europe une banque quiprte un emprunteur prend lerisqueaveclui,cequi estuneinci-tationfortecontrlerminutieu-sement son dossier, aux Etats-Unis le crdit hypothcaire esttitris, pass, comme une patatechaude, un tiers, pour finir d-coup et dissmin dans des pro-duits financiers (les origines delatitrisation ont dailleurs voir

avecdes rglementations duNewDeal empchant les branchesdinstitutions dpargne entretats).

Deuxentreprises,la FederalNa-tionalMortgageAssociation(Fan-nieMae)etlaFederalHomeLoanMortgage Corporation (FreddieMac) qui reprsentaient prs de45% du march du refinance-ment hypothcaire ont pris deplusenplusderisques.Pourquoi?Cesentrepriseshybrides,peruescomme garanties implicitementparltatamricainetbnficiant

de privilges, la source des pro-blmesdetitrisation,avaient pourmission politique sociale expli-cite,delapartdudpartementdelimmobilierurbain,decouvrirdeplus en plus de mnages faiblesrevenus, et peu fiables, dans le re-financement de leur crdit hypo-thcaire pour lachat de leur mai-son. Au printemps 2008 desmembres du Congrs mettaientencoresouspressioncesentrepri-ses, instruments de la politiquesocialedu logement.

Plus gnralement, les institu-tions decrditdevaientrespecterdes statistiques raciales (des quo-taspourtellesoutellesminorits)dans laccord de prt, sous peinedesanctionsdiverses,notammentdepuis le renforcement, sousClinton,duCommunity Reinvest-ment Act. Ici aussi les mcanis-mes de march, dvaluation desrisques de lemprunteur, sont ex-plicitementnisparlespolitiques.Linnovation du credit scoring,valuation impersonnelle de laqualit des crdits, est venue ren-forcercettetendance,engageparlepolitique,ladresponsabilisa-tion dans lapprciation des ris-ques.

Lorsque le politique te les m-canismes de responsabilit quiorientent les marchs, ces der-niersnepeuventplusfonctionnercorrectement. Au plus grande estlillusion, au plus fort est lajuste-mentaveclaralit,cest--direlacrise.

Emmanuel Martin est analyste sur

www.unmondelibre.org

Texte publi en collaboration avec

www.unmondelibre.org

Emmanuel Martin

Docteur en conomie

Les hommes politiques de gauchecomme de droite se sont emparsde laffaire pour apparatrecomme les sauveurs des marchs.

t m r ! u c l -r n l t ri t r m i r n n i-

r i r un cr i n c i r t fi -n n c i r m j u r . I l t nt n , n c t t c c i n , r c r -

r l c n m i t t l rur l u r i nc c it r ir l

c ri n u t i n . u t c m m ilf ut l t n ir ur r n l

u tr ui u , l n r -r ic m tr n n

, t ut, -t t tu t ut

u u uu t u .

t t r n i r r ti n nm n u r f i r u ri rc u m c ll u ui n t,n m r u r ri , r u l

u ll i n c ri t i n n l n i -

n m n t c n i r . urc n il n n t u uun tr ui nf lu n c u r l r c ti n r l

l it i u u c r t l t t ! I lit m n f i r uc u

m i u , t u r l l , t u rl c l .

lu n r l m nt , l i l n

l u ll l c n m i t nt unr n i nf lu n c u r l l it i u

r i t r r m n t l ct u lit .r u l i t n u n f u r ni t u n

l m l .

n m t i r m r ch ric l ,

l i c n m i t n t -un n im t r i t n t .

l iti u r ic l m i n u-r n ur t u t t - ni

n t r u i n r i l m n t u ti li -n l c u r in tr u ct i n

l c n m i u r i ll u t r r lc n u nc tr u unch i i n u t in t rum n tr ul t i n u m rc h .

i nt n i r l r i u n n i u

r ti fi ci l l m n t l i nc it u -m n t r l r u ct i n t f ul n m l l c h n . Il u r

ff t r r u m n t r lc t r uct i n l f u rni -

ur in t rm i i r uh i t n tt n ir l u r r t u t u t u t

n r n f r n t l u i r i n-

t r m i i r n l . iml u l l c ut i n c n u it l

c t u r r ic l , t u t c m m lc t i r c t u i l n n r u n i-

u u u t ur n, nt t

tr r c i m n t r u r lc n m i t . t ui tr l n -

t m .m m n t f i t -il u il n

t r u r nn ur l f l ici t rl u r cl i r nc ?u j u r hu i l r u ct u r

l i t n n t r t . t c l nr i n u r r n n t u i ul ni n ur nn cir l c h r n u t i n . n h u

ri r u r un n u-u u rci m nt u t l i -

ti r n f r it u r rt r l r -l m lu t r .

u r c , l r i cu lt u r n t n -

t m h i r un r u l i t .u r c t i n u rr i t f i r ur ir .r t u t , u n i m i nu t i n l

r ucti n l i t l n t ir ,c t- - i r , ci r l r -

u ct u r u - m m , t c t -m n t c u i l c n i n t f i r

n l i t u t i n ct u l l . r i -n n m n t t i m l : l t r

f r t r i i li t r i u r lm r ch ric l r ult lf i l l t icit l m n . nc ur r uc ti n , l ri

c r u l m i n c c n tr c -t i n i l u m n t f r t m n t.

l r , n i m in u n t l u r r -ucti n m n i r c n c rt , lr u ct u r u rr i n tf i r u -

m n t r u f fi m m n t l r i u r ur r un u m n t ti n

l u r r c t t . n c r t l n i r i tu tr m n t .n c r i r c r t i n r u c-

t u r , c tt r c n t itu r i t unm n r n r r l r rtf r c n tr r u ct u r l i t tt r n f r m t u r u i t r i u t ur

l i n u t r i r l im n t i r .u i u i l n i t , r l u r r ,

l r ic ul t ur t n t l ur r -uc ti n l i , c u i c r r -

n c t m n t l j c t if

u r u i i r l m mi i n u -r nn . t l r l

r u l i t : i ll r i t ff i-c c , l l m n t r r i t u l

mmi i n r i n r l c h rl u t .

c ri f in n c i r m n t rc m i n i l t i t u ti l r u l r lm r c h . r u n u c i u r c -c u rc i, n c n cl ut u j u r hu i ln c i t m i nt n ir un r u -l t i n f r t u m r c h l i ti r .cr i fin n ci r n t r u

r l c n m i t . u r r r -c h r - t - n u j u r h ui , r lm m r c c u r ci , r i r,c m m i l l f n t u i -c n n i , u l m i n ti n u n r -

u l t i n r i u l i t c n u itl r i cul tu r ur nn nun im ?

E E n l ci i n u

c n r c ll nc ,l E l L

E E l L .

F c l i r i ir i -L i ,E

chaque tape duprocessus dachatdune maisonauxEtats-Unis, diversesrglementations etpressions politiquesontempch lesmarchs de secoordonner: il estalors difficile deparler dune crise dulibre march...

Bloomberg

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New Media OutreachAtlas Global Initiative produces original content and uses the latest media to propagate the ideas of freedom. Thosemedia include video, social networking, email newsletters, list-serves, and many other means of communication.

Quickly produced videos such as Deating Tire Tariffs (whichexplains how protectionist trade wars are self-defeating) providemini-documentaries to respond to the events of the day.

Amity Shlaes explains how protectionism made the GreatDepression far, far worse, in this video, which was subtitled innumerous other languages.

In collaboration with the Azadliqciragi.org team, Atlas produced aone minute video that details the plight of local bloggers who werebeaten and arrested for exercising their rights to free speech.

Free to Choose, pictured above, is a fully Russian version of MiltonFriedmans classic TV series; InLiberty.ru hosts the series, as well asother interviews, programs, documentaries, and videotaped lectures.

Guominliyi.org hosts seminars and documentaries on Youku.com.

Emailed newsletters keep interested followers of the thevarious web platforms updated on events and newly availablepublications.

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Atlas online platforms (in this case, OrdemLivre.org) serveas primary resource centers by providing content, such asarticles, books, studies, videos, and podcasts. They also provideopportunities to engage with like-minded persons via social media

sites, such as Facebook and Twitter.

Orkut is another social media site that is especially popularwith Portuguese speakers.

Facebook allows people to connect with each other and todiscover communities of interest.

YouTube.com and similar systems are more than just places tohost videos; they promote and encourage comparison of ideasand serve to introduce people to those who love -- or loathe --their ideas.

Micro-blogging sites, such as Twitter, provide valuable marketingand promotional tools to inform millions of people of Atlasproducts and events.

Each Atlas platform hosts and organizes a

variety of social networking media, which

encourage discussion, debates, and cooperation

among friends of freedom. The explosion of

social networking is a tremendous opportunity

for friends of freedom to nd one another

and to cooperate in ways that were virtually

unthinkable just a few years ago. The Atlas

Global Initiative is committed to exploiting

such opportunities and to staying on the cutting

edge of new technologies. OrdemLivre.org is

presented here as an example.

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Organizing & SupportingThe Atlas Network

Location: Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

Executive Director: Mirsulzhan Namazaliev

Website: http://www.freemarket.kg

In February 2009, Atlass Dr. Tom G. Palmer visited Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan,and Tajikistan at the invitation of a former intern, Seyitbek Usmanov (now abusinessman in Bishkek) and his friends. One outcome was CAFMI, which emergedwhen Palmer sat down with Usmanov, businessman Emil Umetaliev, and then-

student Mirsulzhan Namazaliev. Papers were formally led to register CAFMI in April.

In October alone, CAFMI organized the EnglishLiberty & Entrepreneurship Camp to allow students to practicetheir English while learning about liberty,ReCAmp (Research Camp Central Asia) to encourage research into economicconditions, ideaNightin Bishkek to provide an open forum for discussion of the ideas of freedom, and a jointInLiberty.ru/CAFMI Freedom School, which motivated students from ve countries. CAFMI seeks to build a network acrossCentral Asia to promote liberty.

CAFMI Executive Director Namazalievs inspiration forestablishing a Kyrgyzstan think tank to promote free markets stemmedfrom his respect for Georgian and Lithuanian free market think tanks thatadvance libertarian education and reforms in their respective countries.

CAFMIs 2010 goals include expanding their educational activities,starting by doubling the number of Freedom Schools (in Russian and inEnglish), sponsoring more ideaNights and ReCAmps, and publishingWhite Papers for policymakers on reforms, including trade, border,tax, and budget issues. With the help of the Atlas Global Initiative, theywould like to expand CAFMIs efforts by establishing branch ofces inAlmaty, Kazakhstan, and Dushanbe, Tajikistan. They are also workingon a campaign to promote tariff-free trade and visa-free travel throughoutCentral Asia.

CAFMIs founders hope to propel the region into a free-market

oasis and involve their countries in free-market reform with greater rigor. Their vision has CAFMI inuencing theminds and hearts of Central Asian people and governments to promote reforms based on the principles of minimalgovernment.

Namazaliev and his team are committed to presenting a positive alternative of freedom and limited government.Most of my friends in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan understand that communism did not work, but they donthave any other alternatives, Namazaliev said. I hope we at CAFMI can do it.

CAFMI Executive Director and Co-founderMirsulzhan Namazaliev speaks at ReCAmp, oneof the many events held during the inauguralyear of the think tank.

CAFMI Events English Liberty & Entrepreneurship CampAimed at deepening the understanding of students about the benets of free-market economy, the six-day English camp was held in partnership with theLanguage of Liberty Institute to increase the desire to advance liberty whileenhancing English-speaking skills.

ReCAmp (Research Camp)

This unconference is a participant-driven workshop based on an announcedtheme. Every participant is invited to present and hold discussions based onthat broad theme. Economists, professionals and businessmen set the eventsloose agenda, and participants use the forum to examine social and economicproblems and discover free-market alternatives.

Free Market School (Freedom School)

The week-long school allows young libertarians to build a network and todevelop a deeper understanding of the underlying theme of individual freedomand free enterprise in Central Asia.

Gulshair Abdirasulova, Director of the AmityYouth Foundation, speaks on abolishing internalpassports at ideaNight.

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Location: Kabul, Afghanistan

Executive Director: Mohammad A. Ahrar Ramizpoor

Following a visit in June of 2009 by Atlass Dr. Tom G. Palmer, Afghanfriends of freedom have organized the Afghanistan Economical and LegalStudies Organization (AELSO). The director is Professor Mohammad AbulAhrar Ramizpoor, a professor of law and human rights.

AELSO has led paperswith the Ministry of Economy in Kabul to create a legal existence, which isnecessary to open a bank account, rent property, and so forth. They have heldeight meetings thus far with professors, journalists, students, businesspeople,

human rights activists, and other interested parties to create a comprehensivebusiness plan with a three-year horizon. (The leaders of CAFMI and othergroups in the region have been generous in sharing their business plans andadvice and suggestions.) An ofce has been located and is being prepared foruse. Professor Ramizpoor and his colleagues are currently securing furniture,ofce equipment, and other essentials for an ofce in Kabul.

AELSO has already moved forward to prepare for publicationof two books in the Dari and Pashto languages and has secured contractswith the translators and publishers. (Palmer brought electronic versions ofAtlass books in the Persian language, which can be slightly modied forDari publication; see pages 6 and 7.) Atlas board member Linda Whetstonearranged to have 1,500 Ideas for a Free Society CDs, which contain avast library of articles and books on liberty, to be sent to AELSO by the

International Policy Network in London.In addition to publishing books, AELSO leaders expect to organize workshops for policy makers, produce research

and policy papers on introduction of free markets, and set up forums for businesspeople, traders, students, and others.

Dr. Tom G. Palmer (far left) and AELSOExecutive Director and Professor MohammadA. Ahrar Ramizpoor (second from right) withleaders from the Afghanistan Chamber ofCommerce and Industry.

Nasrullah Stanikzai, professor of law andpolitical science at Kabul University, withTom G. Palmer, after both had lectured onthe economics and law of property at KabulUniversity.

ideaNight 2009

Young intellectuals, activists, and professionals are given amaximum of ten minutes to present their ideas on freedomin economic and social processes and receive feedback;CAFMI expected 100 for the rst ideaNight and 170 arrived.

Freedom Moving Lectures

CAFMI organizes lectures on wheels that take local and

international experts from venue to venue. They hope toincrease general exposure to the ideas of individual liberty andshow the benets to people of freedom in their everyday lives.

Freedom Seminars

Graduates of the longer CAFMI Freedom Schools work asteachers at half-day, specially-themed seminars that featureinteraction and discussion.

Liberty Nights

Discussions are organized around the viewing ofdocumentaries and lms or pre-read essays to deepenunderstanding of historical, economic, philosophical, social,and legal issues.

Co-founders of CAFMI, MirsulzhanNamazaliev and Seyitbek Usmanovpose by a banner after the FreeMarket School.

Andrei Illaroionov speaks at theInLiberty.ru/CAFMI FreedomSchool.

22

CAFMIEvents, Contin.

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Partners For Freedom

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Za nasz i wasz wolno. For our freedom and yours.

The Atlas Global Initiative for Free Trade, Peace, and Prosperity is funded through the generosity of our partners.Those partners are primarily individual donors, but they include some charitable foundations. Donors to the AtlasEconomic Research Foundation who have specied that they wish for their donations to go to the outreach efforts

of the Global Initiative have made possible all of the activities presented on the preceding pages and many morethat are not documented here. You are invited to renew your support or to become a supporter for the rst time.Know that when you make that choice, you are a part of a global effort for freedom that never sleeps, that nevergives up, and that will go anywhere freedom is threatened. The slogan of the Atlas Global Initiative team members,wherever they are, in whichever language they promote freedom, in whichever culture, is universal: For ourfreedom and yours.

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