Adunarile internationale de la Krefeld, luna mai 2012

7/31/2019 Adunarile internationale de la Krefeld, luna mai 2012

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Uwfnòm nf im Bwfdfin

_jg~) 6 jm` 75=7) cwm =0?5

F|min Dwmhb

M{` i wvlj uf dwm~fif Kfmh Oimvnf s hf oh~f n`h hcvoh~mwfm Jmwmhm~m( Fv mj sow`s nfsuwf mofms~ ~fj ` twfmv s*cuvgiò o~ jm` ovwhn( Fs~f vh ovth~ mwmjmò ` nmo i ~wmnvofjsìmg ov sìmg hsfmjh Ncjhvi hcs~wv t`hf- h lwmjm~òm ocwfo~;T`hc- _vh~fj jvivj`~cw` ufh~wv o ~w`j h mofs~ ~`ju h omwftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` fs~f uf cwn`hfm nf {` h uimhvi iv` Nvjhf{fv ovjhv m dcs~ hò`cnm~ jm` hm`h~f( Ov mnftwm~ hv m fq`s~m~ hò`c ufw`cmnhm`h~fm hcms~w h omwf wftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` s d`f m~~ nf svgi`h`m~(

` fv im whnvi jfv svh~ gvovwcs s suvh ~v~vwcw vh gvh tfh`~n`h ~cm~ `h`jm jfm( _vh~ gvovwcs o Nvjhf{fv nwv`f~f amw om tc`

s mtf` ucs`gì`~m~fm s uv~f` tfh` mò` n`h ~cm~ Fvwcum n`h Omhmnmn`h C~~m|m n`h Jch~wmi tn uw`f~fh` n`h M~imh~m Lfcwl`m uw`f~fh`n`h kvj~m~f n`h Mdwòm( Fs~f vh ivowv j`hvhm~ o Nvjhf{fv hf mnvhh mofs~ ico( Fv ncwfso s h~wfg o`hf fs~f ms~{` ufh~wv uw`jm nm~ hj`kicovi hcs~wv( T wcl w`nòm`*t h uò`cmwf- O`hf fs~f ms~{` nfuw`jm nm~ h j`kicovi hcs~wv3 Nvjhf{fv s t g`hfovth~f{f h jcnnfcsfg`~- Nvjhf{fv s t g`hfovth~f{f- Nvjhf{fv s tg`hfovth~f{f- Ncjhvi s d`f ov tc` ` ov hc` ~c`( Nf msfjfhfm ~còf` omwf svh~ ochfo~m` h n`wfo~ ` f` s d`f g`hfovth~m` h HvjfifNcjhviv`( Hv j`*mj hc~m~ o~f ~fifdcmhf mj uw`j`~ h omwf dwm`` mvsuvs; Hc` tcj ~w` mofms~ mnvhmwf juwfvh ov tc` h ~cm~ Mdwòmoa`mw uh h Hcvm [ffimhn(

Ufwj`~f`*j` s*c suvh mò`; nvu vi~`jm mnvhmwf n`h [wòa mtfh`~ vh ncjh mjmgì im j`hf ` j`*m {`s; Fv icov`fso nf ufs~f >5 nfmh` h ^cbpc nmw ms~{` ncwfso s t suvh oftm dcmw~f ufwschmi; svh~


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ochfo~m~ chi`hf ` msovi~ uwfnòìf nvjhfmtcms~w h d`fomwf {` ohnuwfnòm` h n`wfo~( Fv ncwfso s t jvivjfso ms~{` n`h ~cm~ `h`jmjfm( h ^cbpc fi msovi~ uwfnòìf hcms~wf ` owfnf Ovth~vi tfs~`~(Hc` svh~fj jvivj`~cw` ufh~wv mofs~f ucs`gì`~` uf omwf Ncjhvi if*mnwv`~ uf uimh jchn`mi uw`h amwvi _v( R_miv~vw` !((()Z(

Movj i wvlj uf dwm~fif Kfmh Oimvnf s t`h ov lwvuvi iv` `s oh~f oh~mwfm Jmwmhm~m-( Hc` ov ~c`` uv~fj s oh~j mofms~oh~mwf n`h ~cm~ `h`jm hcms~w d``hno ~`j o h ~`juvi hcs~wv uv~fjs m~fu~j wftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` hcs~wv( Nvjhf{fv s g`hfovth~f{fuf ~c`- R_f oh~ oh~mwfm !((()Z Mj`h-

Hc` ~c` mj mv{`~ mofms~ oh~mwf; @svs wft`hf( Fv owfn o tcòmwf hv ovhcm~f` i`jgm hcms~w mtf` vh uò nf wgnmwf ov hc`(_vh~fj jvivj`~cw` ufh~wv ~c` ~wmnvo~cw``( Nmw hc` svh~fj uwfl~``s jm` msovi~j o~f c oh~mwf ` h mi~f i`jg` ufh~wv o ` Ncjhvi `*msuvs iv` Mtwmmj; h ~`hf tcw d` g`hfovth~m~f ~cm~f sfj`h`ìfujh~viv`(

Ms~{` svh~ uv`h h~w`s~m~ n`h uwò`hm ucucwviv` @swmfi omwf~wfgv`f s ~wfmo uw`h jvi~f hofwow` ` hfom{vw` oa`mw uh h {`vm nfm{`( Nmo o`~`j ~cm~f mofs~f mw~òcif jm` hc` smv jm` tfoa` `

hfiflfj of sf h~jui h ~`juvi hcs~wv ovj mh~`sfj`~`sjvi fs~f n`hhcv cdò`mi`{m~ mò` ` mocic m~vho` `h`jìf hcms~wf svh~ ov mnftwm~m~`hsf(

Hv ncwfso om s `h~wv h jm` jvi~f nf~mi`` nmw ` t`{`~m umuf` hMvsoa|`~{ ` of m dcs~ suvs mocic movj o`tm mh` ` muc` vi~`jvimw~òci nfsuwf offm of sf suvhf ` sf sow`f nfsuwf `vnf`((( Ohn mofilwvu n`h Hmjvw m dov~ c oi~cw`f h wfl`vhfm Mvsoa|`~{*viv` m~vho`

o`hftm m tfh`~ h ~wfh ` m suvs; T wcl ~c` `vnf`` s sf ocgcmwf hGvoafh|min( F` `*mv g~v~ kco( Mocic hv mv dcs~ `vnf` o` h`~f ~vw`~`n`h Hmjvw Gfil`m( Nmo o`~`j mofs~f mw~òcif m~vho` svh~fj dcmw~fh~w`s~m` h `h`jìf hcms~wf(

ho vh ~`~iv suvhf; Dwmhm ncwf~f s hd``hf{f vh s~m~umifs~`h`mh( ^c` svh~ juc~w`tm @swmfiviv`( Ohn m fq`s~m~ twfcnm~ vhs~m~ umifs~`h`mh3 Hò`cnm~ hò`cnm~- M fq`s~m~ ncmw d`m Lm{m ` offm

of hvj`j hc` ^wmhs`cwnmh`m muc` m tfh`~ W{gc`vi nf msf [ìf( ^c~vi


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`*m vwjm~ ovwsvi( Hc` hv uv~fj soa`jgm mofs~ ivowv nmw hf ncmwfd``hno ucucwviv` @swmfi ` fs~f hflm~ oa`mw nwfu~vi im fq`s~fh( Mofigwgm~ n`h @wmh suvhf o mi nc`suwf{fofifm jmn` mnò jfs`m mi icwhv ucm~f tfh` uh hv fs~f h`jò`~ @swmfivi( Nmo mv{`j mofs~ ivowvsvh~fj h~w`s~m`(

Nf msfjfhfm umum m suvs; Fv t`h om vh lfwjmh im tc`( Mofs~umu hv j*m wfuwf{fh~m~ uf j`hf ` uwfo`s hv `*m wfuwf{fh~m~ uf ~c`lfwjmh``( Ufwj`~f`*j` s t suvh mofs~ ivowv ov ummucw~vi lfwjmh;hò`c mi~ mw n`h ~cm~ Fvwcum hv m uw`j`~ m~`m wfdvl`m` ovj m dov~*c Lfwjmh`m nmw Lfwjmh`m uwc~fs~mh~ uwvsmo( D`f o mv dcs~avlafhc`` tminfh{`` smv mig`lfh{`` `hn`dfwfh~ o`hf m dcs~ uw`lch`~ h~cm~f wìf f` mv ls`~ vh wfdvl`v h mwm hcms~w(

Nvu moffm m tfh`~ soa`jgmwfm( _uvh mofms~m dcmw~f nfsoa`s;muc` m tfh`~ soa`jgmwfm ` ~c~ Lvtfwhvi m dcs~ om~ciò( Hò`vhuwc~fs~mh~ hv m jm` dcs~ uw`h~wf of` =5 cmjfh` of` jm` `jucw~mh` n`h mi^wfìfm Wfòa( D`f Lcfggifs _~wòafw ~c` fwmv om~ciò` ` m~vho` mhofuv~ hfom{vi( Jm` hm`h~f ~c` `*mv ls`~ wfdvl`v ~c` `vnf`` ~còmwf mv dcs~ ufwsfov~m` mv uv~v~ uw`j` wfdvl`v h Lfwjmh`m( Nmwnfcnm~ ~c~vi s*m soa`jgm~(

O`hf ncwf~f s uw`jfmso c uw`t`wf nf mhsmjgiv im `h~wmwf sfucm~f tfnfm o ~cm~f ofif 4 imlwf mif jcw`` sf mdimv h Ucich`mom~ciò( Nmo uw`t`j h `s~cw`f of dfi nf ufwsfov`f m mtv~ ico ` movjn`h hcv @swmfivi fs~f m~~ nf ufwsfov~m~(

Of sf tm h~juim ov hc` ho hv ~`j nmw hv hf tm jfwlf uwfmg`hf uh im sdw`~( Dwm` ` svwcw` uw`h amwvi iv` Nvjhf{fv hc` mjuw`j`~ c uw`cw`~m~f nfcsfg`~ om s isj ~c~vi h sfmjm iv` Nvjhf{fv(

Fi tm kvnfom nwfu~(Hc` mj uw`j`~ ucwvhom s tfs~`j vi~`jvi jfsmk s nj vi~`jm

oafjmwf( Mofms~m j jò h~w*vh jcn nfcsfg`~; ~c` of` omwf msovi~Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv h mofs~ ico ` h ~cm~ ivjfm ~c` s hfifmlo mofms~m fs~f vi~`jm oafjmwf( O`hf u`fwnf mofms~ vi~`j oafjmwf `hv ufwj`~f om mofs~ Ovth~ s*` tcwgfmso m~vho` uf o`hf twfm s jm`ht`hctfmso3 Ncjhvi s hf nwv`mso amwvi _v om ~c` ~`hfw` ` h

f~m~f jò` ` jmw` gwgm` ` dfjf` ~c` s ufwj`~ om mofs~ Ovth~ mi


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iv` Nvjhf{fv s if tcwgfmso ` f` s ~`f; Ncjhvi j oafmj oa`mwuf j`hf ufwschmi(

Dwm` ` svwcw` hc` ~wfgv`f s hfiflfjo d`fomwf mnvhmwf mwfsocuvi om cmjfh`` s ucm~ mtfm c ~w`wf ov Nvjhf{fv( Ov mnftwm~

hc` ~wfgv`f s hf h~cmwofj h {ìfif G`gi`f` s hf ~wmhsuvhfj h {ìfifg`giòf( Hv fs~f svdò`fh~ s suvhfj; ohn Ncjhvi hcs~wv m dcs~ ufujh~ h d`fomwf mnvhmwf s*m h~juim~ oftm nfcsfg`~ ` ~c` of` omwfmv ivm~ umw~f im mofif mnvhw` mv uv~v~ s t`h im Fi ov ~cm~f uwcgifjfificw( Oa`mw ` m~vho` ohn Ncjhvi hcs~wv fwm uf nwvj ` of` omwf fwmvcwg` I*mv oafjm~ f` `*mv uw`j`~ tfnfwfm( Nmw mò` fs~f vh uvho~;d`fomwf h umw~f ~wfgv`f s*I oafjf uf Ncjhvi( Hv fs~f svdò`fh~hvjm` s hf tcwgfmso Ovth~vi o` mm ovj fs~f sow`s ` h uwcwcovi

@cfi; O`hf tm oafjm Hvjfif Ncjhviv` tm d` jh~v`~(Hc` s hv d`jncmw h`~f msovi~~cw` o` s wfovhcm~fj o svh~fj u`fwnv` ` muc` soafjj Hvjfif Ncjhviv` hcs~wv om s d`j smitm`(

Nvjhf{fv h~w*mnftw _*m nfsocufw`~ hvjm` h @svs Aw`s~cs( Fim dcs~ Fjmhvfi Nvjhf{fv fs~f ov hc` ` hf*m juom~ ov _`hf(_vh~fj jvivj`~cw` ufh~wv o hc` mj uv~v~ mv{` mj owf{v~ ` mjuw`j`~ mofs~ jfsmk mi juow`` mi amwviv` mi jh~v`w`` ` s*i nj jm`

nfumw~f( C suvh o`hs~`~ nmo vh`` cmjfh` msovi~ mofs~ vi~`j jfsmk `~c~v` ` ju`f~wfso `h`jìf icw mofs~ ivowv fs~f dcmw~f ~w`s~( Hc` ncw`js svgi`h`fj nf wfuf~m~f cw`; Ms~{` nmo mv{`` limsvi Iv` hv tju`f~w`` h`jìf-

Nf msfjfhfm mj uf `h`jm jfm om ms~{` s tcwgfso nfsuwfdmu~vi o Ncjhvi hcs~wv fs~f G`wv`~cwvi nf uf Lcilc~m o Fi m `h~wm~ hsimt ov vh s~w`l~ nf gvovw`f( Fi hv m dcs~ ~w`s~ o` nvu of `*m twsm~

shlfif Iv` uf owvofm nf uf Lcilc~m ` m `suwt`~ wsovjuwmwfm jm`h~` Fi _*m ocgcw~ h icovwìf nf kcs mif ujh~viv` Fi m ht`hsjcmw~fm ` icov`hm jcwìcw `mw m ~wf`m {` m ht`m~ n`h jcw`( Ncjhvihcs~wv ~w`f~f ` hc` uv~fj ~w` juwfvh ov Fi(

Tc` o`~` o~ftm tfwsf~f g`giòf om s mtfj dvhnmjfh~vi hOvth~( ^c~vi ~wfgv`f s d`f ochdcwj _owù~vw``( h mofs~ ico hc` hvowfnfj hò`c ws~ijo`wf o` hc` owfnfj d`fomwf Ovth~ ` mofs~m hffs~f nfsocufw`~ uw`h Nvavi h mnftwm~m iv` sfjh`dòm`f(


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h @sm`m >7 fs~f sow`s nfsuwf offm of tm dmof Ncjhvi hcs~wvohn tm tfh`( ^cojm` mofms~m s*m ` h~juim~( @sm`m >7 nf im t( =;@m~ Wcgvi Jfv uf omwf*I suw`k`hfso Mifsvi Jfv h omwf ` lsf~fuiofwf svdif~vi Jfv( Mj uvs Nvavi Jfv ufs~f Fi2 Fi tm tfs~`hfmjvw`icw kvnfom~m !nwfu~m~fm ig( lfwj()( Tfws( ?; ^wfs~`mdwh~ !fmtm dwh~ ig( lfwj() h*c tm {nwcg` ` jvovi omwf jm`mwnf ho hv*i tm s~`hlf( Tm tfs~` kvnfom~m !nwfu~m~fm ig( lfwj()nvu mnftw( Muc` h tfws( > sow`f; Fi hv tm sig` h`o` hv _f tmism uh tm mf{m nwfu~m~fm uf ujh~2 ` cs~wcmtfif tcw hnknv`h iflfm Iv`(

Jfwlfj ` h Jm~f` =7 vhnf svh~ wfuf~m~f mofs~f tfwsf~f2 o`~`jnf im t( =; Ohn ~wvuvi mofs~m svuvs uv~wf{`w`` sf tm jgwom hhfuv~wf{`wf ` ~wvuvi mofs~m jvw`~cw sf tm jgwom h hfjvw`wf m~vho`sf tm jui`h` ovth~vi omwf fs~f sow`s; Jcmw~fm m dcs~ hla``~ nfg`wv`h( Vhnf ` fs~f g`wv`hm jcmw~f3 Vhnf ` fs~f gcinvijcmw~f3 Nmw jvivj`w` d`f mnvsf iv` Nvjhf{fv omwf hf n g`wv`hm

uw`h Ncjhvi hcs~wv @svs Aw`s~cs- Nfo` Fi nfkm hf*m nwv`~ g`wv`hm


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uw`h amw( Mm ovj Lcilc~mm dcs~ c wfmi`~m~f ~c~ mm ` ht`fwfm fs~f cwfmi`~m~f `mw ~wmhsdcwjmwfm hcms~w tm nfsocufw` g`wv`hm ` nvu moffmhv tm jm` d` jcmw~f( Fs~f vh ivowv j`hvhm~ ohn o`~`j mofs~f tfwsf~f(

Movj vwjfm{ oftm ` jm` j`hvhm~; ocjumwm`m ov offm of m

dcs~ sow`s nfkm h Tfoa`vi ^fs~mjfh~ nfsuwf himwfm h ofw mNcjhviv` hcs~wv( Muc` ohn Umtfi sow`f h Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~; Mofms~mt*c suvhfj uf gm{m vhv` Ovth~ mi Ncjhviv` m~vho` vhnftm ~wfgv`ms d` dcs~ sow`s oftm( Fv j`*mj hc~m~ h Usmij` svh~ fqmo~ =14 o`~m~fomwf svh~ sow`sf ` dcics`~f h Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~2 =14 o`~m~f n`h Usmij`svh~ dcics`~f h n`dfw`~f och~fq~f h ifl~vw ov wsovjuwmwfm ov offmof m dov~ Nvjhf{fv ufh~wv hc` h @svs Aw`s~cs( ^c~vi m dcs~ sow`snfkm( Hv ncmw h Usmijvi 77; Nvjhf{fvi jfv- Nvjhf{fvi jfv-

Ufh~wv of j*m` uws`~3 O` ` h Usmijvi =4(=5 sow`f; Oo` hv tf`ism svdif~vi jfv h Icov`hm jcw`icw hv tf` hlnv` om uwfm`vg`~vi^v s tmn uv~wf{`wfm( ^c~vi m dcs~ sow`s h Usmij` ` g`hfhfifs h~c~ Tfoa`vi ^fs~mjfh~(

Nmw ov uw`t`wf im himwfm h ofw m Ncjhviv` hcs~wv ncwfso st o`~fso ncv tfwsf~f nfcsfg`~f n`h Usmij`( Vhvi fs~f n`h Us( >; Ncjhvi _f tm h~cmwof ov vh s~w`l~(Ncjhvi hcs~wv _*m him~ im ofw ov vh s~w`l~ nf g`wv`h- Nmw ho cnm~ ufh~wv ~c` omwf tcwgfso i`jgm fhlif{; mofim` Ovth~ uf omwfNcjhvi i*m dcics`~; ohn Ncjhvi tm tfh` ov vh s~w`l~ ov limsvi vhv`mwamhlafi ` ov ~wjg`m iv` Nvjhf{fv mofim` Ovth~ fs~f sow`s ` hUs( > ufh~wv wftfh`wfmNcjhviv` hcs~wv fs~f dcics`~ mofim` ovth~ mm ovj m dcs~ dcics`~ imhimwfm Iv` h ofw(

= tfws`vhfm B`hl Kmjfs * h(~w(


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m wftfh`~ nfkm ò mofs~ s~w`l~ nf gvovw`f ov omwf _*m him~ h ofw mw d` mtv~ ico nfkmmm oftm hv fs~f ocwfo~( Jfsmkvi fs~f vh ivowv ` wftfh`wfm Ncjhviv`fs~f ov ~c~vi mi~oftm( Uw`h jfsmk cmjfh`` svh~ oafjm` mdmw ùwfl~`` svh~ mnv` h ochocwnmh ov Nvjhf{fv ` Ovth~vi iv`Nvjhf{fv nmw Fi tm wftfh` ov mofi s~w`l~( Tc` ~wfgv`f s c tfnf`movj ` h Nvavi; ivowmwfm s*m `suwt`~ ht`fwfm m mtv~ ico( Fi _*mnfsocufw`~ vofhòìcw _` ` m {`s; Fv ~w`fso ` tc` nf msfjfhfm s

~w``( Muc` h Mucomiùsm; Fv mj ht`hs jcmw~fm mj oafìfjcwìcw ` mif icov`hf` jcwìcw( Fi fs~f G`wv`~cwvi nf uf Lcilc~m Fi_*m him~ h ofw ov vh s~w`l~( @mw _dh~m _owù~vw suvhf o Fi tmwftfh` h mofim` jcn ovj m dcs~ him~ h ofw( Mm tm wftfh` hv o tmnvwm vh mhvj`~ `h~fwtmi nf ~`ju( G`wv`hm iv` Nvjhf{fv s*m nfsocufw`~(Wsovjuwmwfm m mtv~ ico( Hc` om g`wv`~cw` uv~fj s och~j uf dmu~vio ` hc` tcj mv{` mofs~ s~w`l~( Cwò`hf msovi~ movj oafjmwfm uw`hvi~`jvi jfsmk mofim nf msfjfhfm tm mv{` ` m~vho` s~w`l~vi ohn tmwftfh` Ncjhvi(

Am`nf` s `hfj j`h~f mofs~f ovt`h~f n`h Usmij`( Mofms~m fs~fc uwcdf`f g`giò( Nvavi iv` Nvjhf{fv m dcs~ ufs~f mof~` gwgm` omwfmv tcwg`~ ` mv sow`s uw`h Nvavi of sf tm h~juim( Nvjhf{fv _f sv`fov vh s~w`l~ Ncjhvi hm`h~fm{ h svhf~vi ~wjg`f`(

Hf h~cmwofj im Us( 41(=1; ^f*m` sv`~ uf hi`jf m` ivm~

wcg`m wcmg m` uw`j`~ nmwvw` ufh~wv cmjfh`(((( Nm G`wv`~cwvi nf ufLcilc~m( ` g`wv`hm Iv` fs~f ` g`wv`hm hcms~w( Nf dmu~ hc` hv mtfjjc~`tf s d`j h~w`s~m` o` ~wfgv`f s*@ jvivj`j Nvjhf{fviv` hcs~wvufh~wv wsovjuwmwfm hoaf`m~ uf owvofm nf uf Lcilc~m(

h Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~ Umtfi m ~wm~m~ n`h hcv mofms~ ~fj( Dws jm` jfwlfj im Jm~f` 7( Mocic tfnfj ofm suvs dwm~fif hcs~wv Umtfi( O`~`j Fdfs( > nf im t( 1; Nf moffm fs~f{`s; _*m sv`~ svs m ivm~ wcg`m wcmg ` m nm~ nmwvw` cmjfhìcw( Mò`


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wfnmwfm fs~f ocwfo~; m nm~ nmwvw`( ^vwhmwfm Nvaviv` _dh~ m mtv~ico nmwvwìf Nvaviv` _dh~ s*mv nfsocufw`~ h G`sfwòm hcv~fs~mjfh~mw( Im dfi s*m mnftfw`~ o mof`m omwf mv dcs~ `hv` h umwmn`som h~w*c ~fjh` ~c` omwf mv dcs~ `hv` h wcg`f I*mv m~fu~m~ uf Fiomwf m ivm~ wcg`m wcmg ` f` mv ht`m~ juwfvh ov Fi( Im ws~`lh`wf mmtv~ ico vh ov~wfjvw ufwnfmvm ^fjuiviv` s*m nfsuòm~ nf svs uh kcsjcwj`h~fif s*mv nfsoa`s ` jvi` n`h~wf sd`h` ` mò` ~wfgv`f o`~`~fqmo~ nvu ht`fwfm Iv` mv ht`m~2 jcwj`h~fif s*mv nfsoa`s ohn mmtv~ ico ws~`lh`wfm nmw hvjm` nvu ht`fwfm Iv` mv ht`m~ juwfvhov Fi( Dwm` ` svwcw` fs~f `jucw~mh~ om hc` s o`~`j hof~ ` ov uwfo`{`fOvth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv s*i muwcdvhnj om s uw`j`j c uw`t`wf nfmhsmjgiv nfsuwf offm of s*m h~juim~(

N`h hcv t( 1 n`h Fdfs( >; Nf moffm fs~f {`s; _*m sv`~ svs mivm~ wcg`m wcmg ` m nm~ nmwvw` cmjfhìcw( Tfws( 0; ` mofs~; _*msv`~ of hsfmjh nfo~ o hm`h~f _f ocgcwsf h uwìf jm` nf kcsmif ujh~viv`3 Ofi of _*m ocgcw~ fs~f mofim` ov Ofi of _*m sv`~ jmùwfsvs nf ~cm~f ofwvwìf om s vjuif ~cm~f ivowvwìf(

` mofs~ G`wv`~cw nf uf Lcilc~m omwf m dov~ wsovjuwmwfm ` mochd`wjm~*c uw`h ht`fwfm Iv` nfsuwf Fi fs~f sow`s h t( ==; ` Fi m

nm~ uf vh`` mucs~ci`2 uf mi`` uwcwco`2 uf mi`` ftmhlafi`~`2 uf mi`ùs~cw` ` ht~cw`(Fi omwf m dcs~ ws~`lh`~ Fi omwf m ht`m~ Fi omwfm dcs~ him~ h ofw Fi fs~f Mofim` omwf vjuif ~c~ Vh`tfwsvi ` ~c`lfhvhoa`` tcw ~wfgv` s sf uifof hm`h~fmIv` ` s jw~vw`sfmso dmu~vio Fi fs~f Ncjhvi(

Fi G`wv`~cwvi nf uf Lcilc~m fs~f Mofim omwf hv ncmw mwsovjuwm~ G`sfwòm Iv` o` Fi m nm~ sivkgfif h mofms~ G`sfwò

wsovjuwm~( ` mò` mtfj jcnfivi cw`l`hmi; mucs~ci` uwcwco`ftmhlafi`~` us~cw` ` ht~cw`( Fi fs~f Ncjhvi G`sfwò`` Fi fs~fOmuvi f` ` hc` dcwjj ^wvuvi Ncjhviv`(

h tfws( =7 hf fs~f suvs ufh~wv of socu mv dcs~ nm~f mofs~fsivkgf; ufh~wv nfstw`wfm sd`hìcw h tfnfwfm ivoww`` nf sivk`wfufh~wv {`n`wfm ~wvuviv` iv` Aw`s~cs(^cm~f sivkgfif uf omwf if nwv`f~fNvjhf{fv svh~ nm~f ufh~wv {`n`wfm G`sfwò``( Hv fq`s~ hò`c sivkgnm~ nf Nvjhf{fv ufh~wv om oftm s d`f n`s~wvs o` fs~f ncmw ufh~wv


9/41

0

{`n`wf ufh~wv h~w`wf uw`h amwvi ` uw`h Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv(Ufh~wv of svh~ nm~f sivkgfif3 Ufh~wv nfstw`wfm G`sfwò``(

Tfws( =?; uh tcj mkvhlf ~c` im vh`~m~fm owfn`hf` ` movhc~`hf` D`viv` iv` Nvjhf{fv im s~mwfm nf cj jmwf im hi`jfm

s~m~vw`` ui`h~`` iv` Aw`s~cs(Nfo` c ivowmwf nfstw`~-Om ~c` s c mvn ho c nm~ h ~cm~ ivjfm( Ochdcwj

Usmijviv` >; offm ofo~`l g`wv`hm msvuwm ivj`` fs~f owfn`hm hcms~w( Owfn`hm fs~f vh

nmw mi iv` Nvjhf{fv omwf hf*m dcs~ nm~ uw`h amwvi _v( Mj hfifs hcòv ~c`` ocwfo~ mofs~ ivowv3

Mj suvs*c ov vh socu; ufh~wv o dwm~fif Gwmhamj m suvs ncmw cs`hlvw nm~; jfsmkvi fs~f s~w`l~vi( Nmw mof~` cmjfh` hv sf h~cwo imOvth~ o` ` dcwjfm{ uwcuw`ìf icw ht~vw` ` suvh; nmo jfsmkvifs~f s~w`l~vi ` Ncjhvi _f ocgcmw ov s~w`l~vi m~vho` Fi hv jm` fs~fuf ~wchvi nf amw o` Fi _*m ocgcw~ ` fs~f uf nwvj( Hv- ` n`h hcvHv-

Fv suvh ms~{` hm`h~fm iv` Nvjhf{fv; jvivj`w` ufh~wv mofs~Ovth~ ufh~wv Tfoa`vi ` Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~ ufh~wv oimw`~m~fm uf omwfNvjhf{fv hf*m nwv`~*c h Ovth~vi _v sovju ` sdh~ ` g`hfhfifsuw`h Nvavi _dh~ hf*m ochnvs h ~c~ mnftwvi(

O`~`j Fdfs( >(=>; om s hv jm` d`j ocu`` uiv~`hn hocmof `hocic uvw~m` nf cwòf th~ nf ht~vw uw`h tòifh`m cmjfhìcw ùw`h `wf~fh`m icw h j`kicmofif nf mjl`wf(

Hò`vhvi omwf m dcs~ {`n`~ uf ~fjfi`m mucs~ciìcw ` uwcwcoìcwu`m~wm n`h omuvi vhla`viv` d``hn @svs Aw`s~cs hv tm d` jòm~ h s~hlm` nwfmu~m( Hc` hf h~cmwofj h~c~nfmvhm im Ovth~ d``hno sjhmOvth~viv` wjhf h hc` ~c`( ` hc` svh~fj sd`h`` h d`fomwf Ovth~mi iv` Nvjhf{fv ` Ovth~vi mnftwviv` hf fi`gfwfm{(

h 7 Ocw( 7(=> hf fs~f suvs; Jvivj`w` d`f mnvsf iv`Nvjhf{fv omwf hf ucmw~ ~c~nfmvhm ov omwvi Iv` nf g`wv`h h


10/41

=5

Aw`s~cs ` omwf wsuhnf~f uw`h hc` h cw`of ico j`wfmsjmovhc~`hf` Iv`7

Jm` nfumw~f h 7 Ocw 7(=6 fs~f sow`s; h mnftw hc` svh~fjhm`h~fm iv` Nvjhf{fv c j`wfmsj m iv` Aw`s~cs uw`h~wf of` of svh~ ufomifm jh~v`w`` ` uw`h~wf of` of svh~ uf omifm u`fw{w``; ufh~wvmof~`m c j`wfmsj nf im jcmw~f suwf jcmw~f2 ufh~wv mof`m cj`wfmsj nf im t`m suwf t`m( ` o`hf fs~f nf mkvhs ufh~wv mofs~f

ivowvw`3(h hoaf`fwf mofs~ gwgm~ jm` sow`f h t( =


11/41

==

vi~`jm uv~fwf jchn`mi( O`hf o`~f~f h Nmh`fi nfsuwf ofif um~wv d`mwfomwf wfuwf{fh~mv um~wv juw`` o`~f~f ` nfsuwf vi~`jm juw`f omwfsf tm mw~m n`h hcv( Nvjhf{fv i*m dcics`~ h~w*vh jcn nfcsfg`~ ufdwm~fif Gwmhamj om s hf `h~wcnvo h ~cm~f mofs~f uwcdf`` ` s`jgcivw`g`giòf ` hf*m tfs~`~ ovth~vi uwcdf~ò mm ovj i*mv tfs~`~ ofìmiùwcwco`( Hc` ~wfgv`f s g`wv`j ~c~ offm of fs~f ms~{` h s`s~fjvimh~àw`s~ ` ~wfgv`f s `f`j mdmw n`h ~c~ of hv fs~f h ochocwnmh ovNvjhf{fv ` Ovth~vi _v om s hv d`j uw~m` im uom~fif icw( F` mvg`wv`~ svh~ g`wv`~cw` ` tcw d` uf mofms~ jmwf nf ow`s~mi ov miv~fif hj`h`(

h Muco( 6 svh~ g~wh`` ov mwdfif ` miv~fif omwf oh~ imnfsoa`nfwfm ufofìcw nmw im sdw`~ hc` ~c` g`wv`~cw`` tcj d` mocic( Hv

tcj d` nf dm ncmw im hvh~m J`fiviv` o` tcj d` uwf{fh` mocic vhnffs~f Ncjhvi hcs~wv oo` mm fs~f sow`s; ` ms~dfi tcj d` ~c~nfmvhm ovNcjhvi( != ^fs( >(=1)(

h Muco( 6 tfws( 1 ` 0 sow`f nfsuwf of` ncv{fo` ` um~wv nfg~wh`; Ohn m ivm~ omw~fm ofif um~wv du~vw` t`` ` of` ncv{fo` ùm~wv nf g~wh` s*mv mwvhom~ im ujh~ hm`h~fm J`fiviv` mthnd`fomwf o~f c miv~ ` uc~`wf nf mvw ui`hf ov ~j`f omwf svh~

wvlo`vhìf sd`hìcw( ` oh~mv c oh~mwf hcv ` {òfmv; Twfnhò f~`^v s `f` omw~fm ` s*` wvu` ufofìf; oo` m` dcs~ kvhla`m~ ` m`wsovjuwm~ ufh~wv Nvjhf{fv ov shlfif ^v cmjfh` n`h cwòfsfj`h`f n`h cwòf i`jg n`h cwòf hcwcn ` nf cwòf hfmj(

Hc` mj mj`h~`~ jm` hm`h~f uw`jm dlnv`h uf omwf `*m nm~*cNvjhf{fv iv` Mtwmmj; h ~`hf tcw d` g`hfovth~m~f ~cm~f sfj`h`ìfujh~viv`( Nmo jfwlfj muc` im Lmim~fh` vhnf sow`f nfsuwf

sjhm omwf tm tfh` ` sjhm m tfh`~ fi`gfwmwfm m mtv~ ico `mwG`wv`~cwvi nf uf Lcilc~m hf*m nwv`~ g`wv`hm( h Lmi( ? o`~`j t( 4; ^c~mm ` Mtwmmj m owf{v~ uf Nvjhf{fv ` owfn`hm mofms~m `*m dcs~scoc~`~ om hfuwàh`wf(

Dwm` ` svwcw` hc` mj svgi`h`m~*c nfsfcw`; h Nvjhf{fv owfnjvi` dcmw~f jvi` nmw o`hf i owfnf uf Nvjhf{fv o`hf owfnf offm ofsuvhf Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv o`hf owfnf dlnv`hfif iv` Nvjhf{fvuf omwf if*m nm~ Nvjhf{fv3


12/41

=7

h tfws(

h uw`jm oh~mwf hc` mj oh~m~; Hc` tfh`j n`h fs~ ` n`h tfs~tfh`j n`h svn ` n`h hcwn( Dwm` ` svwcw` c svgi`h`fj n`h hcv; fq`s~uf ujh~ mofms~ ~vwj wsovjuwm~ uw`h shlfif Ncjhviv` omwfwfsufo~ Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv h ~cm~f s`~vm`ìf ` hv mnmvl hò`cws~ijo`wf o` ims ` owfnf d`fomwf Ovth~ mi iv` Nvjhf{fv h dcwjmcw`l`hmi ` ms~dfi fs~f sd`h`~ uw`h fi(

( _owù~vwm nf msfjfhfm d``hno uwftfnfm oNvjhf{fv tm scoc~` hfuwàh`~f uf Hfmjvw` uw`h owfn`h m tfs~`~jm` n`hm`h~f iv` Mtwmmj mofms~ tfs~f gvh; ^cm~f hfmjvwìf tcw d`g`hfovth~m~f h ~`hf(

Nfo` g`wv`hm G`wv`~cwviv` fs~f ` g`wv`hm oficw fi`gfwm` `jh~v``( Fv mj suvs*c nfsfcw`; ht`fwfm Iv` fs~f lmwmh`m ufh~wvht`fwfm ~m ` m jfm himwfm Iv` im ofwfs~f lmwmh`m ufh~wv himwfmhcms~w im ofw(

` of m suvs h vi~`jfif tfwsf~f n`h Muco ?3 O`~`j t( 7=;Ofiv` of tm g`wv` ` tc` nm s mn ov J`hf uf somvhvi Jfv nfncjh`f nvu ovj ` Fv mj g`wv`~ ` mj f{v~ ov ^m~i Jfv ufsomvhvi Iv` nf ncjh`f( Of amw j`hvhm~- Of hf*m nwv`~ Nvjhf{fv

hcv fs~f ufh~wv tfhò`f( Hc` uv~fj s hf scoc~`j dfwò`` ufh~wv ouv~fj owfnf mm ovj fs~f sow`s h _owù~vw(

h hoaf`fwf ncwfso s j mnwfsf{ ~v~vwcw nf uf ~c~ ujh~vinmw h jcn nfcsfg`~ oficw omwf tcwgfso i`jgm fhlif{ omwf tfs~fso oNcjhvi m wftfh`~ nfkm smv _f ~c~ ocgcmw nf ohn wsvh jfsmkvimoficwm ncwfso s if suvh ho c nm~; jfsmkvi fs~f vh ivowv( Mofs~jfsmk uwfjfwlf ofm nf*m ncvm tfh`wf m Ncjhviv` hcs~wv nmw

wftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` hcs~wv fs~f ftfh`jfh~vi ofi jm` jmwf of tm mtfmico ` fs~f sow`s; Oo` ovj `fsf dvilfwvi ` ivj`hfm{ nf im c jmwl`hfm ofwviv` uh im ofmimi~ mm tm d` ` wftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` hcs~wv(M~vho` nc` `h` tcw d` h mofim` um~ vhvi tm d` ivm~ ` mi~vi tm dìsm~( Wu`wfm tm d` c wfmi`~m~f ht`fwfm tm d` c wfmi`~m~f~wmhsdcwjmwfm ~wvuvwìcw hcms~wf tm d` c wfmi`~m~f ~c~vi tm d` c wfmi`~m~f(Ncjhvi hcs~wv _*m him~ ov vh s~w`l~ ` ov mofim` s~w`l~ nf g`wv`h

> of` n`h owfn`h * ~wmn( BKT ` i`~( Gvovwf~` 755=


13/41

=?

_f tm h~cmwof ` jm` h~` tcw ht`m of` jcw` h Aw`s~cs muc` hc` omwf~w`j ` omwf tcj wjhf uh im wftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` tcj d`~wmhsdcwjm`(

^c~vi sf tm h~juim mm ovj fs~f sow`s h Ovth~vi iv`

Nvjhf{fv( h mofs~ ico suvhfj ~v~vwcw n`h ~cm~ ivjfm; g`hfovth~m`svh~ ~c` mof`m omwf msovi~ Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv omwf i owfn ` ius~wfm{ h `h`jìf icw ` g`hfovth~m` svh~ ~c` of` omwf hv ufwj`~ sd`f jòm` h s~hlm ` h nwfmu~m nf cwòf th~ nf ht~vw(G`hfovth~m` svh~ ~c` mof`m m owcw owfn`h fs~f ~mwf ` omwf ochnvofim g`wv`h( ` mofms~m sf h~jui ohn offm of m suvs Nvjhf{fv hOvth~vi Iv` hf fs~f nfsocufw`~ uw`h Nvavi(

Nmo tc` t gvovwm` nf mofs~f ivowvw` ovj j*mj gvovwm~ ` fvsu~jhm mofms~m ohn mj o`~`~ ~cm~f mofs~f tfwsf~f n`h Tfoa`vi^fs~mjfh~ ` if*mj wfls`~ h Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~((( Hc` hf gvovwj nfOvth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv nf oimw`~m~fm n`h Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv `svh~fj jvivj`~cw` ufh~wv dmu~vi o ` hc` uw`h amw uv~fj d` cJ`wfms m Ovth~viv`( Hv svh~fj jòm` h s~hlm ` h nwfmu~m nfcwòf th~ nf ht~vw o` uw`h amwvi Iv` wjhfj ufh~wv ~c~nfmvhmmhocwm` h Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv(

Ncjhvi hcs~wv `*m twsm~ shlfif Iv` shlfif Ifljh~vivòfi hcv m ivm~ msvuwm Iv` ~cm~f uom~fif hcms~wf m ivm~ msvuwm Ivòa`mw ` gifs~fjvi ` m jfws h icovi hcs~wv uf owvof ` m s~w`lm~; _*m`suwt`~- Fi _*m ocgcw~ h icovwìf nf kcs mif ujh~viv`( Ofi of _*mocgcw~ fs~f mofim` ov Ofi of _*m him~ jm` uwfsvs nf ofwvw` omG`wv`~cwvi nf uf Omitmw om s vjuif ~c~ Vh`tfwsvi ` s icov`mso hhc`( Fi ucm~f s nfsocufwf g`wv`hm Iv` uw`h ^wvuvi _v h G`sfwòm

Iv` om hc` s nftfh`j ^wvuvi _v h omwf ~cm~f jnvimwfif svh~ vh`~f(Ncjhvi hv tm wfmf{m ncmw ~cm~f ivowvwìf o` tm wfs~`~v` ~cm~f sivkgfif` ~cm~f nmwvwìf mm ovj m dlnv`~ Fi omwf m suvs; T tc` wfs~`~v` ~c`mh`` ~c~ of m` u`fwnv~ h ~wfov~( Nvjhf{fviv` hcs~wv ` mnvofjo`hs~fm movj ` h tfo`` tfoìcw- Mj`h- Mj`hvi hv m dcs~ nfs~vi nfuv~fwhò( Mj`h-


14/41

=>

Am`nf` s hf w`nòj( Ucm~f ofif ncv svwcw` mif hcms~wf t`h `hf oh~ c oh~mwf nf `ht`~m`f c oh~mwf h omwf Ncjhvi hcs~wv s d`fivnm~( Nf dmu~ Fi fs~f ivnm~ h ~cm~f oh~wìf(

Of hsfmjh ufh~wv tc` Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv3 _ t d`f

nfsocufw`~f ~cm~f ifl~vwìf ~cm~f och~fq~fif((( Iv` Nvjhf{fviv`hcs~wv ` mnvofj simtm h tfo`` tfoìcw(

R_vwcwìf oh~ c oh~mwf !((()Z(

Hc` ov ~c`` uv~fj s nj jm` nfumw~f mofms~ vi~`j oafjmwfuw`h amwvi _v( Hf muifoj omuf~fif ` hf wvlj h i`h`~f( ^c` nmwjm` mifs mof`m omwf m{` mv msovi~m~ ufh~wv uw`jm nm~ Ovth~vi h dfivimofs~m s*` nfsoa`n `h`jìf s owfmn jfsmkvi Ftmhlafi`f` ` s*`

uvh howfnfwfm icw h Ncjhvi ` Jh~v`~cwvi hcs~wv omwf uf owvofm nfuf Lcilc~m `*m twsm~ shlfif Iv` ` m nfstw`~ ivowmwfm nf fi`gfwmwf` nf jh~v`wf( Hc` c tcj suvhf nf wfuf~m~f cw`; ncmw mofim omwf muw`j`~ t`mm tfhò ucm~f s ~w`mso tfhò( Fq`s~ ncmw c s`hlvwt`m tfhò ` mofms~m c mwf hvjm` Nvjhf{fv omwf fq`s~ n`htfhò`f h tfhò`f( Nvjhf{fv h` _*m nfsocufw`~ h @svs Aw`s~csNcjhvi hcs~wv( Fi fs~f Nvjhf{fvi mnftwm~ ` t`mm tfhò(

Hc` ncw`j om ~c` mof`m omwf mv mv{`~ tfs~`wfm Ovth~viv` s hvd`f u`fwnv` o` s d`f jh~v``( Ovth~vi s if d` tcwg`~ ` f` ~c` s ~`fo mofs~ Ovth~ if*m dcs~ mnwfsm~ icw ufwschmi; mofs~ Ovth~ j` s*mmnwfsm~ j`f( Ncjhvi j oafmj uf j`hf( M~vho` sf jui`hf~f;Nmw ~v~vwcw oficw of I*mv uw`j`~ mnò oficw of owfn h Hvjfif Ivìf*m nm~ nwfu~vi !uv~fwf ig( lfwj() s sf dmo ocu`` m` iv`Nvjhf{fv( !@cmh =(=7)(

Dwm` ` svwcw` mnwfsf{ vh ovth~ hcv ~v~vwcw; Ncjhvi _*m

w`nòm~ im ofw ov vh s~w`l~ nf gvovw`f( Usmijvi 7> s*m jui`h`~; Ucw`w`nòm`*t omuf~fif2 w`nòm`*t ucw` tfhòf om s `h~wf juwm~visimtf`- O`hf fs~f mofs~ juwm~ mi simtf`3 Ncjhvi ofi ~mwf ùv~fwhò G`wv`~cwvi nf uf Lcilc~m( ` hc` ov ~c`` uv~fj uw`j` n`h~cm~ `h`jm offm of hf*m nwv`~ Nvjhf{fv h @svs Aw`s~cs uw`h amwvi_v( Nf msfjfhfm uv~fj owfnf d`fomwf ovth~ uv~fj mnvof im vhhvj`~cw ocjvh Tfoa`vi ` Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~ ` svh~fj jvivj`~cw` iv`

Nvjhf{fv( Ncwfso s svgi`h`f{ ho c nm~; nmo Umtfi c suvhf; T


15/41

=6

suvhfj uf gm{m vhv` Ovth~ mi iv` Nvjhf{fv m~vho` ~wfgv`f sfq`s~f nfkm vh Ovth~ mi Ncjhviv` s d` dcs~ tfs~`~( Hvjm` mm ucm~fs sf wfdfwf uf fi( Hc` uv~fj s hf wfdfw`j im ~c~ Ovth~vi iv`Nvjhf{fv im ~cm~f tfwsf~fif g`giòf omwf mumw`h vhv` mhvj`~ svg`fo~(Of amw j`hvhm~ o hc` ~w`j movj h uwf{fhm iv` Nvjhf{fv om smsovi~j Ovth~vi Iv` sdh~ ` sovju(

h ~`ju of hf muifoj omuf~fif hcms~wf h wvlo`vhf ncwfso sh~wfg; o`hf ncwf~f s d`f `hoivs h mofms~ wvlo`vhf3 Ncw`j smnvofj hm`h~fm Ncjhviv` vh hvjw jmwf nf wvlo`vh`( Nvjmhvihofmwo n`h wsuv~fw` s hlwfvhf{f t`mm owfn`ho`cìcw( Uwf~v~`hnfh`svh~ uwcgifjf ` hc` tcj mnvof ~c~vi hm`h~fm ~wchviv` nf amw(

Movj uvh h~wfgmwfm; o`hf ncwf~f s d`f `hoivs h mofms~wvlo`vhf nf hoaf`fwf3 W`nòm`*t j`hìf- Ufs~f ~c~ svh~ j`h`w`nòm~f( Ivnm~ ` sit`~ s d`f Ncjhvi Nvjhf{fvi hcs~wv- T wcluw`j``*c- Ncjhvi hcs~wv m suvs nvu ht`fwfm Iv`; Fv svh~ ov tc` h~cm~f {ìfif uh im sdw`~vi ivj``( ` Vhnf svh~ nc` smv ~wf`mnvhm` h Hvjfif Jfv svh~ ` Fv h j`kicovi icw( Fi fs~f ms~{ùwf{fh~ om s jh~v`mso s fi`gfwf{f s t`hnfof s g`hfovth~f{f(Fi m ht`m~ Fi ~w`f~f Fi m nctfn`~ h ~`juvi hcs~wv o fs~f Mofim`(

Ivnm~ ` sit`~ s d`f Ncjhvi ` Nvjhf{fvi hcs~wv- Owfnf` movj h@svs Aw`s~cs Ncjhvi ` Jh~v`~cwvi hcs~wv- Owfnf` h ivowmwfmhoaf`m~ nf wsovjuwmwf owfnf` o J`fivi iv` Nvjhf{fv m ivm~msvuwm _m ~c~ uom~vi ` uw`h whìf Iv` hc` svh~fj t`hnfom`( Uw`j``*cmovj ` t` sf tm nm-

@vg`~f Ncjh ^v hf*m` ucwvho`~ s jfwlfj h ~cm~ ivjfm stfs~`j Ftmhlafi`m( ^v hsv` m` suvs; mofs~f sfjhf tcw vwjm uf of` of

tcw owfnf; h Hvjfif ^v hc` s socm~fj nwmo` s uvhfj j`hìfufs~f gcihmt` ` ^v ` tf` ochd`wjm Ovth~vi ^v( ^f wvlj ms~{`nwv`f~f fi`gfwmwf ~v~vwcw2 fi`gfwmwf nf uv~fwfm _m~mhf` fi`gfwmwf nf~cm~f ifl~vwìf ujh~f~`( @vg`~f Ncjh ho fs~f sow`s; Uf o`hf ifi`gfwfm{ D`vi fs~f ov mnftwm~ i`gfw( Ms~{` mj mv{`~ Ovth~vi ^vm{` owfnfj ` ` jvivj`j d``hno ^v m` fi`gfwm~ m` jh~v`~ m` `fw~m~` ^v hsv` `*m` ochd`wjm~ Ovth~vi ^v( Hc` ` jvivj`j d``hno^v f~` G`wv`~cwvi nf uf Lcilc~m( Uw`h ht`fwfm ^m ` uw`h himwfm ^m

im ofw m` nctfn`~*c( ^v tf` wftfh` om s*` `f` im ^`hf uf of` g`wv`~cw`


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omwf mv uw`j`~ amw hm`h~fm ^m ` h dmm ^m( Nfstwf~f ^v ivowmwfm^m h G`sfwòm ^m( Fv ^f wcl n`h hcv om ~c` mof`m of mv mv{`~Ovth~vi ^v ms~{` mò` h mofs~ ico ` h ~cm~ ivjfm s owfmn mmovj fs~f sow`s h _dh~m _owù~vw ` s uw`jfmso nfsocufw`wfmOvth~viv` ^v ` m tc`` ^mif ` s uw`jfmso ~cm~f g`hfovth~wìf ufomwf ^v h` if*m` nwv`~ uw`h amwvi ^v- `f Nvjhf{fviv` M~c~uv~fwhò` mnvofj o`hs~fm imvnm ` wvlo`vhìf hcms~wf movj ` h tfo``tfoìcw- Mj`h- ` ~c~ ucucwvi s suvh Mj`h-

D``hno mofms~ oh~mwf fs~f ovhcsov~ h ~cm~f i`jgìf oh~joh~mwfm ^v jfw`` ^v jfw``( R_f oh~ oh~mwfm !((()Z Mj`h( Mj`h(Ivm` ico(

@h`jm j` fs~f jòm~ ` svh~ jvivj`~cw o hv fq`s~ hò`jomw c fquwfs`f m dwm~fiv` Gwmhamj uf omwf hc` s*c hfiflfj lwf`~ `hò`vh tfwsf~ g`giò uf omwf s hv*i d` hfifs( Nvjhf{fv uw`h amwvi_v h nfovwsvi mhìcw ~wfov` h~c~nfmvhm hf*m `h~wcnvs ~c~ jmùwcdvhn h Ovth~vi Iv`( Iv` Nvjhf{fviv` hcs~wv owfn`ho`cs `mnvofj o`hs~fm( ^c` dwm`` ` svwcwìf hcms~wf n`h ~cm~ ivjfm h ~cm~fucucmwfif i`jgìf ` hm`vhìf wjhf` h Ovth~ ` h tc`m iv`Nvjhf{fv( Hvjm` o`hf fs~f ` wjhf h Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv

ucm~f s d`f ` h tc`m iv` Nvjhf{fv ` ncmw o`hf fs~f h tc`m iv`Nvjhf{fv tm d` ` h d`fomwf Ovth~( Iv` Nvjhf{fviv` hcs~wvowfn`ho`cs ` mnvofj o`hs~fm(

RDwm~fif Dwmhb jm` mj`h~f~f o~ftm smiv~vw` !((()Z Twfmv s ~`ò o`hf fs~f vh`~ ov hc` fs~f vh`~ ov Nvjhf{fv( Hc` tfs~`j hvjmÒvth~vi Iv` mm ovj mj suvs ` jm` hm`h~f(

Hc` ` mtfj uf dwm`` hc~w` mò` ` i wvlj uf dwm~fif hcs~wv

Mhnwf` s t`h h dm( Dwm~f Mhnwf` ~f wcl t`hc( Fi fs~f vh gwgm~ n`hC~~m|m omu`~mim Omhmnf`( ` fi fs~f ofm jm` `jucw~mh~ ufwscmh n`homu`~mi( R_f wcml dwm~fif Mhnwf` !((()Z

Mj`h( ^c` uv~fj s suvhfj Mj`h( ^c` uv~fj s suvhfjg`hfovth~m~ s d`f Ncjhvi ufh~wv ~cm~ owfn`ho`c`m Iv`( Mj mv{`~*ch mofs~f ~wf` oh~w` Jmwmhm~m- !Ncjhvi hcs~wv t`hc-)( Ncjhvihcs~wv t`hf( ^c` mof`m omwf mv mtv~ uwcgifjf hofwow` ~c` s uifof

nf mò` ov c owfn`h uv~fwhò o @svs Aw`s~cs t*m nwv`~ ~c~ of m` mtv~


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=0nfhcj`hm`` uwc~fs~mh~f ` uw~`` vh`~f h Ochsì`vi Jchn`mi miG`sfwòìcw( F` ov ~c`` sf wfdfw im Ovth~vi n`h @cmh =


23/41

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ochdfs`vhìf ufh~wv om f` s `ms mdmw( Nf moffm ` fs~f sow`s h 7 Ocw(4; Tc` ucucwvi Jfv `f`` mdmw tc` ofm~m wsovjuwm~ ov shlfifJfv( Ov tc` mj hoaf`m~ ifljh~vi ufh~wv tc` J`*mj nm~ t`mm Jfm` J`*mj twsm~ shlfif tc` j` mumw`hf` J`f ` hv dmof` umw~f n`hmofs~f wfvh`vh` jmw`( Tc` j` mumw`hf` J`f tc` svh~f` jc~fh`wfmJfm ufh~wv ~`ju ` ufh~wv tfhò`f( Jvivj`j Ncjhviv` Nvjhf{fvufh~wv Jfsmk ufh~wv Ovth~vi nfsocufw`~ ufh~wv ~cm~f dlnv`hfif ufomwf h` if*m nwv`~ uw`h amwvi _v( Hc` mj suvs*c nfsfcw`; ocu```dlnv`hf` owfn Ovth~vi dlnv`hf`( ` h mofs~ Ovth~ hf fs~fnfsocufw`~ ` mtfj umw~f nf offm of dmof Nvjhf{fv movj(

Mj o`~`~ h Fdfsfh` of hf*m dcs~ nwv`~ uw`h amwvi Iv`( Dcmw~fsovw~ tcj jm` o`~` o~ftm tfwsf~f g`giòf ov uw`t`wf im uwfl~`wfm

hcms~w ufh~wv wu`wf ufh~wv om hc` s vjgij ov Ncjhvi mm ovj mvjgim~ Fhca ov Nvjhf{fv ` muc` nfcnm~ m dcs~ wu`~ ` h*m jm` dcs~ls`~ uf mofs~ ujh~(

Am`nf` s jm` o`~`j ho c nm~ tfwsf~fif n`h Fdfs( 7(>*4; NmwNvjhf{fv omwf fs~f gclm~ h hnvwmwf ufh~wv nwmlcs~fm ofm jmwf ovomwf hf*m `vg`~ jomw o fwmj jcw` h lwffiìf hcms~wf(((( M dcs~nwmlcs~f nwmlcs~fm iv` Nvjhf{fv uf omwf Fi hf*m nwv`~*c(

Tfws( 6; jomw o fwmj jcw` h lwffiìf hcms~wf hf*m mnvsim t`m juwfvh ov Aw`s~cs !uw`h amw svh~f` jh~v``)( Mofms~m s*mh~juim~ uf owvofm nf uf Lcilc~m ohn hc` ho hv fwmj mò`( Nmw hc`mj dcs~ mif` hm`h~fm h~fjf`fw`` ivj`` whnv`` om s d`j mocic(

Tfws( 4; Fi hf*m ht`m~ juwfvh ` hf*m uvs s fnfjjuwfvh h icovwìf ofwf~` h Aw`s~cs @svs( Mofms~m fs~f cFtmhlafi`f nfui`h; mif` hm`h~fm h~fjf`fw`` ivj`` h @svs Aw`s~cs

uw`h nwmlcs~fm iv` Nvjhf{fv mj dcs~ ws~`lh`` juwfvh ov Fi mjjvw`~ juwfvh ov Fi mj dcs~ hjcwjh~m` juwfvh ov Fi( Mm ovjc suvhf Umtfi h Wcj( 4(>; Hc` nfo` uw`h gc~f{vi h jcmw~fm Iv` mjdcs~ hlwcum` juwfvh ov Aw`s~cs` mj ht`m~ juwfvh ov Fi im ct`m hcv(

Tfws( 4; Fi hf*m ht`m~ juwfvh((( h Aw`s~cs @svs( DwAw`s~cs hv fs~f h`jò( ^c~vi fs~f n`h Fi uw`h Fi ` uwfl~`~ ufh~wv hc`(

Fi hf*m ht`m~ juwfvh ` hf*m uvs s fnfj juwfvh(((( Oa`mw


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ht`fwfm hcms~w soa`jgmwfm hcms~w ~c~vi fs~f `hoivs h ivowmwfmnfstw`~ nf wsovjuwmwf uf omwf Nvjhf{fv m dov~*c uw`h @svsAw`s~cs( (((` hf*m uvs s fnfj juwfvh h icovwìf ofwf~`((( ImNvjhf{fv ~c~vi fs~f nfkm hoaf`m~ ~c~vi fs~f mm ovj m ac~w~*c Fin`h tfhò`f(

Am`nf` s jm` o`~`j o~ftm tfwsf~f g`giòf( hofufj ov Ftwf`== ov uw`t`wf im wftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` hcs~wv oafjmwfm ` uwfl~`wfmhcms~w ufh~wv {`vm licw`cms m wftfh`w`` iv` @svs Aw`s~cs( h mofms~ifl~vw ncwfso s*c jm` svgi`h`f{ ho c nm~; Nvjhf{fv m nm~ dwm~fiv`Gwmhamj c sivkg fq~wmcwn`hmw ufh~wv m hf hnwfu~m m~fh`m suwf offmof ncwf~f Nvjhf{fv s suvh ucucwviv` _v h ~`juvi hcs~wv ofncwf~f s ocwfo~f{f s wfmf{f( Nvjhf{fv m mnftfw`~ mofms~ ~w`j`~fwf

` h~w*mnftw uw`h mofms~ sivkg Fi m uvs ~c~vi h~w*c cwn`hf n`t`h `m mf{m~ n`h hcv ~cm~f ivowvwìf( h ifl~vw ov mofms~m Nvjhf{fv i*mivm~ Moms uf dwm~fif Gwmhamj im dfi om uf ~c` uwcwco`` n`h Tfoa`vi^fs~mjfh~ dw om ivowmwfm iv` Nvjhf{fv s d`f hoaf`m~( ` ms~{`ho sf jui`hf~f o jfsmkvi uf omwf i*m nm~ Nvjhf{fv uw`h fi tmuwfjfwlf ofm nf*m ncvm tfh`wf m iv` @svs Aw`s~cs( ` uw`h amw houwfjfwlf ms~dfi ho~ ~c` mof`m omwf dmo umw~f n`h G`sfwòm J`wfms smsovi~f oafjmwfm( ` hv ncmw s*c msovi~f o` s sf imsf uwfl~``(

Dwm` ` svwcw` ufh~wv hc` mofms~m hv fs~f ncmw vh dfi nf ifo`f~fcwf~ò omwf hf fs~f uwf{fh~m~ mò`( Ufh~wv hc` mofms~m fs~f c wfmi`~m~fnvjhf{f`mso iflm~ nf oafjmwfm mdmw iflm~ nf ~cm~f ocwfo~vwìf `mhvjf om owfn`hm s t`h h mocwn ov msovi~mwfm `hc` s d`j uwfl~`ùfh~wv {`vm licw`cms m wftfh`w`` Ncjhviv` @svs Aw`s~cs(

N`h Ftwf` == o`~`j t( 6; Uw`h owfn`h m dcs~ jv~m~ Fhca nf

uf ujh~ om s hv tmn jcmw~fm( ` h*m jm` dcs~ ls`~ ufh~wv oNvjhf{fv i jv~msf( Oo` hm`h~f nf jv~mwfm ivùw`j`sf jw~vw`m ofs~f uiov~ iv` Nvjhf{fv( Muc` h t( 4 fs~f suvs; ` dw owfn`hfs~f ov hfuv~`h s d`j uiov` iv` Nvjhf{fv-((((

Nfo` Fhca m owf{v~( Owfn`hm fs~f vh omncv nf im Nvjhf{fv(Nmw hfowfn`hm hf nvof h u`fw{mwf( Nwml` dwm` ` svwcw` dmu~vi o hcùv~fj owfnf ovj fs~f sow`s h _owù~vw fs~f ofi jm` jmwf omncv miNvjhf{fviv` hcs~wv h ~`juvi hcs~wv( Hc` svh~fj fi`gfwm` nf ~cm~f


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ws~ijo`wìf ` uv~fj owfnf n`h ~cm~f `h`jìf hcms~wf( Uw`h owfn`hFhca m dcs~ wu`~( Uw`h of tf` d` wu`~ ~v3 ` hm`h~f nf wu`wfm iv` fi muw`j`~ jw~vw`m o h~wf fi ` Nvjhf{fv ~c~vi fwm h cwn`hf o uiofwfmiv` Nvjhf{fv fwm ufs~f fi( Mocic hv fwm h`jò nf ochnmjhm~ omwf s*infsumw~ nf Nvjhf{fv( Fi m mtv~ jw~vw`m o uiofwfm iv` Nvjhf{fvsf cnàhf~f ufs~f fi( Fhca m dcs~ vh fqfjuiv ufh~wv wu`wf(

Mtwmmj m dcs~ uw`jvi omwf m owf{v~ h ht`fwfm jcwìcw(Mtwmmj I*m owf{v~ uf Nvjhf{fv ` m owf{v~ oa`mw o m~vho` ohn i tmkfw~d` uf @smmo Nvjhf{fv i tm ht`m ` f` mjhnc` Mtwmmj ` @smmosf tcw h~cmwof(

Nfo` ufs~f Fhca fqfjuivi hcs~wv s*m cnàh`~ uiofwfm iv`Nvjhf{fv( Tc` ~c` ovhcm~f` icovi n`h Jm~f` ?(=0(1 o`~`j; Mm tcwgf~f jm` nfumw~f Ncjhvi;Im twfjfm hnvww`` ^f*mj msovi~m~ ` h {`vm jh~v`w`` ^f*mjmkv~m~(((6

6 ~wmnvofwìf Jfhlf B`hl Kmjfs ` ofm i`~fwmi nf im Gvovwf~` 755= wfnmv im

~wfov~ ~`juvwìf n`h mofs~ ~fq~ * h(~w(

( Mjgfif ivowvw` sf jui`hfso ms~{`; ms~{` fs~f twfjfm


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hnvww`` iv` Nvjhf{fv ` ms~{` fs~f {`vm jh~v`w`` {`vm hnvww`òhn cmjfh`` uc~ s*` ~w`mso jh~v`wfm( Im twfjfm hnvww`` ^f*mj msovi~m~( ^f tc` u{` ` ^f tc` uvhf s dmo` ifljh~ ovucucwvi(((( Nfo` h Ncjhvi hcs~wv s*m jui`h`~( D`f o fs~f tcwgmnfsuwf @swmfi smv nfsuwf G`sfwò ~c~vi fs~f h @svs Aw`s~cs Ncjhvihcs~wv(

T wcl hv v`~m` uw`jm umw~f n`h tfwsf~vi 1; Mm tcwgf~f jm`nfumw~f Ncjhvi; Im twfjfm hnvww`` ^f*mj msovi~m~ ` h {`vmjh~v`w`` ^f*mj mkv~m~(((( Fi ~f*m msovi~m~ uf ~`hf Fi j*m msovi~m~ ufj`hf hf*m msovi~m~ uf hc` ~c`( Jm` h~` Fi I*m msovi~m~ uf Ncjhvihcs~wv omwf m jfws uw`h Lwn`hm Laf~s`jmh` oo` Fi hf*m mnvsjh~v`wfm nfui`h( Hv fs~f nm~ vh mi~ hvjf cmjfhìcw svg ofw h omwf

f` s d`f jh~v`` nfo~ Hvjfif @svs(h Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~ o`~`j h 7 Ocw( 4(7; Oo` fs~f sow`s(((4

Mj suvs*c nfkm Jm~f` ?(=


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7 ` 6; M ~wf`m {` Mtwmmj m w`nòm~ coa`` ` m t{v~ icovinf nfumw~f( ` Mtwmmj m {`s sivlìcw smif; Wjhf` mò` ov jlmwvi2fv ` g`m~vi hf tcj nvof uh mocic s hf hoa`hj ` muc` hf tcjh~cmwof im tc`( ` muc` hc` hf tcj h~cmwof im tc`( Mtwmmj~wfgv`m s*i kfw~dfmso uf d`vi sv om mwnfwf nf ~c~ ` fi m owf{v~ hht`fwf m jw~vw`s`~ ` m suvs; ` hf tcj h~cmwof im tc`(

Hc` ~c` uv~fj o`~` ` t( 4; Mtwmmj m ivm~ ifjhfif ufh~wvmwnfwfm nf ~c~ if*m uvs h su`hmwfm d`viv` sv @smmo(((( Mm ovjNcjhvi ` Jh~v`~cwvi hcs~wv m ~wfgv`~ s*` ucmw~f owvofm Iv` uf omwfm dcs~ owvo`dòm~ im dfi @smmo m nvs h sum~f ifjhvi omwf m dcs~ mi~mwvi ufomwf m dcs~ kfw~d`~(

h Tfoa`vi ^fs~mjfh~ hv mtfj ncmw h`~f uwcwco`` o` mtfjfqfjuif n`h uimhvi nf jh~v`wf omwf hf mwm~ of mtfm s sf h~juifh t``~cw( ` mm s*m ` h~juim~(

Jm` nfumw~f h t( 4g fs~f sow`s; (((` m ivm~ h jh dcovi òv`~vi( ` mv jfws ms~dfi mjhnc` juwfvh( M~vho` @smmo tcwg`hn ov~m~i sv Mtwmmj m {`s; ^m~i jfv- !ig( lfwj()(((( Mò` ls`jufh~wv uw`jm nm~ h _dh~m _owù~vw hc`vhfm nf ~m~i jfv( `Mtwmmj `*m {`s; Of fs~f d`vi jfv3^m~i jfv d`vi jfv( ^m~

nmo tc`f~` nfuw~fm{ umamwvi mofs~m nf im J`hf- Mofs~m fs~f D`viJfv uwfm`vg`~ h omwf Fv J`*mj ls`~ uiofwfm(

Tfws(


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J`hf hsvj` kvw {òf Ncjhvi; ufh~wv o m` dov~ ivowvi mofs~m ` h*mòwvm~ uf d`vi ~v uf s`hlvwvi ~v d`v ~f tc` g`hfovth~m dcmw~f jvi~ `*` tc` hjvi` dcmw~f jvi~ sjhm ` mhvjf; om s~fifif ofwviv` ` omh`sùvi nf uf wjvi jw``2 ` sjhm ~m tm s~uh` of~ìftwkjmìcw f`(

Mtwmmj I*m owf{v~ uf Nvjhf{fv( ` nmo jfwlfj ov mofms~hc`vhf h Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~ h Wcjmh` omu( > mocic hf fs~f suvs dcmw~foimw( Dwm` ` svwcw` o`~`j mofs~f ovt`h~f om s tfnfj ovj Nvjhf{fv mmhvhm~ n`hm`h~f ~c~ uimhvi nf jh~v`wf ` ovj mofms~m s*m ` jui`h`~ hwfmi`~m~f(

N`h Wcjmh` omu( > o`~`j nf im t( =(=


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?=

t``~cw( h twfjfm moffm `vnf`` mv {`s; Hc` hf*mj lhn`~ o Fi tmfi`gfwm @swmfivi hf tm fi`gfwm nf nvjmh`` hc~w` `*` tm `hs~mvwmjuw`m Iv`(

Nvjhf{fv mwf vh uimh nf jh~v`wf( Hv sf h~jui h`jò mm

ovj c ncw`j hc`( Ovt`h~fif mv dcs~ sow`sf nmw Fi mwf vh uimh ochdcwjowv`m dmof ` jui`hf~f ~c~vi( Nf moffm ` fs~f sow`s o; Oo` ~wfgv`fom Fi s juwfmso uh tm uvhf uf ~c` twkjm`` svg uò`cmwfif_mif != Ocw( =6(76)( ` nvu moffm t`hf ` sdw`~vi; ufh~wv omNvjhf{fv s d`f ~c~vi h ~c`( ^c~vi fs~f nfkm sow`s ` mf{m~ h _dh~m_owù~vw h~w*vh jcn j`hvhm~(

_ o`~`j ` h Wcj( > nf im t( =1; Hnknv`hn juc~w`tmcwòwf` hnfkn` fi m owf{v~((((

hoaùv``*t mofms~ hofwomwf nfcsfg`~ nf lwfm; fi s*`kfw~dfmso d`vi omwf `*m dcs~ dlnv`~ ` nvu moffm Mtwmmj hnknv`hnjuc~w`tm cwòwf` hnfkn` m owf{v~ m `hv~ ~mwf( Owfn`hm owfn`hm `*mnftfh`~ c nfsocufw`wf fi m uw`j`~ s`lvwmhm owfn`hf` ` m ~`v~ ohn fvi tc` kfw~d` uf d`vi jfv Nvjhf{fv i tm ht`m n`h jcw` ` fv j tc`h~cmwof juwfvh ov fi(

Am`nf` s o`~`j jm` nfumw~f umw~fm ncvm m tfwsf~viv` =1; `ms~dfi m mkvhs ~m~i jvi~cw hfmjvw` nvu ovj ` sf suvsfsf !ochdcwjdlnv`hf` ig( lfwj();Mm tm d` sjhm ~m(

O`~`j ` tfwsf~fif =0 ` 752 mofs~fm svh~ h`~f jw~vw`ùwf`cmsf; ` d``hno h*m dcs~ simg h owfn`h fi hv s*m v`~m~ im ~wvuvisv omwf fwm jg~wh`~mtfm muwcmuf c sv~ nf mh` hò` im dmu~vio _mwm hv jm` uv~fm s m`g ocu``( Fi hv s*m hnc`~ nf dlnv`hm iv`Nvjhf{fv uw`h hfowfn`h o` h~w`~ uw`h owfn`hm iv` m nm~ simt iv`

Nvjhf{fv( Mifiv`m- Fi m nm~ simt iv` Nvjhf{fv ` s*m h~w`~ uw`howfn`hm iv` d``hno m nm~ simt iv` Nvjhf{fv(

Dwm` ` svwcw` hc` svh~fj ocu`` m` dlnv`hf` `hn`dfwfh~ ofofwf Nvjhf{fv nf im hc` Fi tm jui`h` ~c~ of m suvs Fi ` tm jui`h`~c~ Ovth~vi _v( Hv tm ism hfjui`h`~ hò` jomw vhm n`hdlnv`hfif _mif( Fi tm jui`h` d`fomwf dlnv`h ` mm ovj fs~fsow`s h 7 Ocw( =( 75; (((dlnv`hfif iv` Nvjhf{fv cwò~f mw d` fif


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hc` hv fs~f hò`c juc~w`t`wf mm ovj m dcs~ ov Mtwmmj mm fs~f ` ovhc`(

Tfws( 77; Tf{` o owfn`hm ivowm juwfvh ov dmu~fif iv` ùw`h dmu~f owfn`hm m mkvhs nfstw`~( Mtwmmj mw d` uv~v~ s

m~fu~f =55 nf {ìf ` s ~c~ {ò; fv owfn fv owfn fv owfn( Nmwfi s*m uvs im nwvj h vwj~cmwfm n`j`hfm m uifom~( Fi h*m jm` ~c~tcwg`~ nfsuwf ivowvi mofs~m o` m dov~ offm of `*m ucwvho`~ Ncjhvi ` hmofs~ jcn owfn`hm ivowm juwfvh ov dmu~m iv`( ` Nvjhf{fv if*mochd`wjm~ uf mjgfif(

h tfws( 7?; Ms~dfi !ncmw h mofs~ jcn ig( lfwj() s*mjui`h`~ _owù~vwm omwf {òf; Mtwmmj m owf{v~ uf Nvjhf{fv ` ` s*mscoc~`~ om hfuwàh`wf2 ` fi m dcs~ hvj`~ uw`f~fhvi iv` Nvjhf{fv(h @cmh =6(=> Ncjhvi hcs~wv suvhf; Tc` svh~f` uw`f~fh`` Jf` nmodmof` of t ucwvhofso Fv( Mtwmmj m dcs~ hvj`~ uw`f~fhvi iv`Nvjhf{fv nvu of m jui`h`~ h~w*vh jcn msovi~~cw ~c~ of `*mucwvho`~ Nvjhf{fv(

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~w`fso nwmlcs~fm nvjhf{f`mso ` s d`j vh`` ov Ncjhvi ` vhvi ovmi~vi(

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Ism` ~c~vi h sfmjm iv` Nvjhf{fv-Mofim` Nvjhf{fv omwf m dov~ h~wflvi Vh`tfws omwf i*m

oafmjm~ im fq`s~fh n`h h`jò m dcs~ ncmw ~cav ` gcav 1

Mtwmmj m dcs~ uw`jvi omwf m owf{v~ o Nvjhf{fv tm ht`m n`h

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m dcs~ncmw h~vhfwò( H*m dcs~ h`jò mocic( Nvjhf{fv m {`s ` s*m dov~( Imwftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` hcs~wv Ovth~vi Iv` tm d` ~w`j`s( Mm ovj mjsuvs*c msfmw Fi _*m him~ im ofw ov ~w`vjd ov vh s~w`l~ nf g`wv`hhsc`~ nf svhf~f nf ~wjg`( ` ov mofim` s~w`l~ nf g`wv`h hsc`~ nf

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1 dw dcwj ` lci * h(~w(


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Nvjhf{fviv` owfn`ho`cs s d`f ~cm~ simtm( T wcl uw`j`` d`fomwfOvth~ uw`h owfn`h ` Nvjhf{fv t tm nfsocufw` ~c~vi ~cm~fifl~vwìf( Fi hf oiv{f~f uw`h Nvavi _v h ~c~ mnftwvi( Hc` iowfnfj uf Nvjhf{fv ` Ncjhvi ` tm jui`h` Ovth~vi _v ~cm~fdlnv`hfif _mif omwf jm` ~wfgv`f s sf jui`hfmso h hc` ` ov hc`(Of ~`ju j`hvhm~ hf*m nwv`~ Nvjhf{fv hcv ~v~vwcw- Hf*m nfsoa`scoa`` om s tfnfj ` s msovi~j offm of suvhf G`sfwòìcw Nvavi(

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Am`nf` s hf w`nòj ` s*@ jvivj`j juwfvh Ncjhviv`

hcs~wv( hm`h~f s*@ jvivj`j ncwfso s h~wfg nmo svh~ ` ms~{òfwfw` nf wvlo`vhf nfcsfg`~f omwf if uv~fj mnvof hm`h~fm Ncjhviv`(Ncmw w`nòm` j`hìf tcms~wf( Nf dmu~ fv owfn o hc` ~c` hf*mjnfnòm~ t`fìf hcms~wf Ncjhviv` o mj ivm~ nfo`{`m hcms~w( Nfo`{`mhcms~w fs~f dfwj; moffm nf m jfwlf~c~ nwvjvi owfn`hf` ` msovi~w``juwfvh ov Nvjhf{fv uh ohn tc`m gvh ` nfstw`~ m iv`Nvjhf{fv sf ucm~f jui`h` h t`fìf hcms~wf( Hc` mj dcs~ sd`h`` hmofms~m ` ~`j o dw sd`h`wf h`jfh` hv i tm tfnfm uf Ncjhvi( Hc`

svh~fj sd`h`` h Fi Ofi omwf _*m sd`h`~ ufh~wv hc`( ` Fv hsvj` Jsd`hfso ufh~wv f` om ` f` s d`f sd`h`` uw`h mnftw !@cmh =


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C Ncmjhf Nvjhf{fvif M~c~uv~fwhò ` jvivj`j ufh~wv

jmwfif amw uf omwf ^v h` i*m` nwv`~ o uv~fj ~w` h mofs~ ~`ju o ^vtcwgf~` ov hc` h mofs~ jcn j`hvhm~ mnvohn imcimi~ Tfoa`vi `Hcvi ^fs~mjfh~ ` ^v hf*m` vh`~ ` uf hc` ov ^`hf( @vg`~ Ncjh hc`s~j uf ujh~vi sdh~ mi nfsocufw`w``( Ufwnfmvm s*m nfsuòm~ omifmfs~f i`gfw oa`tc~vi fs~f nfsoa`s( ^v tcwgf~` ov ucucwvi ^v( `jvivj`j o hc` mj uv~v~ s ^f hfiflfj d``hno ^v hf*m` nfsoa`shfiflfwfm ufh~wv _owù~vw( @vg`~ Ncjh ~cm~f wvlo`vhìf ~cm~fhfom{vwìf ` if mnvofj `f ` ^f wvlj juwfvh nctfnf~f*Òvth~vi ^v( Hc` owfnfj owfnfj h ^`hf owfnfj h ivowmwfm nfwsovjuwmwf hoaf`m~( @vg`~ Ncjh hc` owfnfj ~cm~f dlnv`hfif `` jvivj`j o uv~fj mtfm umw~f nf offm of dmo` ^v oa`mw movj ufujh~(

`f Nvjhf{viv` M~c~uv~fwhò ` mnvofj imvnm o`hs~fm simtm` mncwm`m( Ivowfm{ ^v h hc` ~c` owfn`hm ` msovi~mwfm om hc` ~c` suv~fj wf{`s~m hm`h~fm ^m( G`hovth~fm{ ~vwjm ^m wsovjuwm~ uw`h

_hlf( D`` ^v ov hc` c Ncmjhf- Nfstwf~f ivowmwfm ^m ufh~wv {`vmlicw`cms m wftfh`w`` ^mif( Uw`h shlfif ^v hc` hf tcj hd`mhm`h~fm ^m dw um~ ` dw {gwo`~vw( Hfuwàh`` uf nfui`h sd`h`` hOvth~vi ^v ` h tc`m ^m uwfl~`` s ^f h~ju`hj(G`hfovth~fm{*hf uf ~c` ~cm~f dmjì`ìf ` uf ~c` mof`m omwf mvuwcgifjf( G`hfovth~fm{*` uf ~c` ` nfsocufw*^f om Mofim` `fw`ms~{`` mofim` h tfo`` tfoìcw(


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_vjmw t`nfc jm` 75=7

F|min DwmhbNcmjhficw ` ncjhìcw svh~ dwm~fif Dwmhb ` t tcwgfso n`h

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Mj tcwg`~ nfsuwf Wu`wf nfsuwf Fhca omwf m uw`j`~ jw~vw`mo fs~f uiov~ Ncjhviv`( Mj tcwg`~ ` nfsuwf Mtwmmj uw`jvi omwf mowf{v~ h ht`fwf omwf ~wfgv`m s*i mnvo kfw~d uf @smmo d`vi sv ` if*msuvs sivlìcw; Wjhf` mò` hc` hf tcj nvof s hf hoa`hj muc`

hf tcj h~cmwof( Fi m ~`v~ o ~wfgv`f s*i kfw~dfmso uf @smmo nmw fwmocht`hs o Nvjhf{fv i tm ht`m n`h jcw` ` sf tcw h~cmwof mjhnc` (Mtwmmj I*m owf{v~ uf Nvjhf{fv( Fi mtfm uwcj`s`vhfm o uw`h @smmo~cm~f hfmjvwìf tcw d` g`hfovth~m~f(

Muc` mj tcwg`~ nfsuwf Wu`wf nfsuwf wftfh`wfm Ncjhviv`hcs~wv ` nfsuwf = ^fsmichòfh` > nvohnv*hf hmuc` im Usmijvi >( h

Usmijvi >


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h svhf~vi ~wjg`f`( Ncjhvi ` Jh~v`~cwvi hcs~wv m jvw`~ uf owvofmnf im Lcilc~m m ui~`~ uwfvi muc` _*m him~( Uw`jm nm~ _*m ocgcw~h icovwìf nf kcs mif ujh~viv` m ivm~ wcg`m wcmg ` sd`h`` Tfoa`viv`^fs~mjfh~ mv ht`m~ ov Fi ochdcwj Jm~f` 7(=4; Oo` Ncjhvi hsv` _f tm ocgcw n`hofw ov vh s~w`l~((((Mofim` ovth~ dcics`~ h Usmijvi >< fs~f dcics`~ ` mò`( Ncjhvihsv` _f tm ocgcw ov vh s~w`l~ ov limsvi mwamhlafiviv` ` ov~wjg`m iv` Nvjhf{fv(

Nwml`` jf` o~ nf sovju fs~f Ovth~vi iv` Nvjhf{fv- Fi _*mhim~ ov vh s~w`l~ nf g`wv`h ` _f tm h~cmwof ov vh s~w`l~ nfg`wv`h `mw jcw`` h Aw`s~cs tcw ht`m jm` h~` `mw hc` of` t`` tcj d`soa`jgm`( Vwj~cwvi uvho~ fs~f h Usmijvi 41(=1 vhnf _owù~vwmsuvhf; ^f*m` sv`~ uf hi`jf m` ivm~ uw`h` nf w{gc` m` ivm~ h nmwcmjfh`2 of` w{tw~``(((( _ uw`t`j uw`jm umw~f m mofs~v` tfwsf~; ^f*m` sv`~ svs m` ivm~ wcg`m wcmg m` ivm~ h nmw cmjfh` ( Nmo o`~`j h

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Wsovjuwmwfm fs~f ocjuif~- G`wv`hm msvuwm _m~mhf` jcw`` `


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@vg`ìcw nm`*j` tc`f s dmo vh wf{vjm~ mi ivowvwìcw uf omwfmj hofwom~ s if suvh uf sovw~ ms~{`( Nvjhf{fv hf*m g`hfovth~m~ `hf*m nm~ wfsufo~ dm nf Ovth~vi _v( Hc` wfsufo~j Ovth~vi iv`Nvjhf{fv ` hfiflfj o jfsmkvi ofmsviv` uwfjfwlf m ncvm tfh`wf miv` Aw`s~cs( = ^fs( > tcwgf~f dcmw~f oimw nfsuwf of sf tm h~juim imwftfh`wfm Ncjhviv` nfcmwfof Fi tm tfh` ov vh s~w`l~ ov mofim`

s~w`l~ ov omwf _*m him~ ov s~w`l~vi nf g`wv`h( Ov mofs~m _f tmh~cmwof nmw movj hc` mnvofj jfsmkvi hm`h~f om Fi s _f h~cmwo `~c` of` omwf owfn jfsmkvi ofmsviv` ovth~vi uwcj`s mi iv` Nvjhf{fvd`f Jmifma` > d`f Dmu~fif Mucs~ciìcw ? o Ncjhvi tm wfmf{m ~cm~fivowvwìf ` o Aw`s~cs wjhf h ofwvw` uh im twfjfm wfmf{w``~v~vwcw ivowvwìcw d`f Jm~f` =

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Adunarile internationale de la Krefeld, luna mai 2012