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ADOPTION OF ROOF GARDENING AT MIRPUR-10 AREA UNDER DHAKA CITY
A THESIS By
Kamron Nahar Nira Reg. No.-23915/00412
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION &
INFORMATION SYSTEM SHER-E- BANGLA AGRICULTURAL
UNIVERSITY
DHAKA-1207
2006
ADOPTION OF ROOF GARDENING AT MIRPUR-10 AREA UNDER DHAKA CITY
Prof. Md. Shadat Ulla
By
Kamron NaharNira
Roll no. Reg. no.- 23915 / 00412
Semester: July-December 2004
Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture,
Shcre-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM
SEMESTER: JANUARY- JUNE, 2006
Approved by:
Md. Rafiquel Islam Supervisor
Md. Sekender Ali Co-Supervisor
Chairman Examination Committee
Supervisor
Dated:
Place: Dhaka, Bangladesh
CIRTIFICATE
This is lo certify that thesis entitled, "ADOPTION OF ROOF GARDENING
AT MIRPUR-10 AREA UNDER DHAKA CITY" submitted to Faculty of
Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM, embodies the result of a piece of
bona fide research work carried out by kamrun Nahar Nira, Reg. No. - 23915 /
00412 under my supervision and guidance. No part of the thesis has been submitted
for any other degree or diploma.
I further certify that such help or source of information, as has been availed of
during the course of this investigation has duly been acknowledged by him.
(Md. RafTqucI Is lam)
DEDICATED TO
MY BELOVED PARENTS
Acknowledgement
The best and cordially compliments and praises to the merciful Allah, who enabled the
author to complete this research work.
The author wishes to express his deep gratitude to her reverend research
supervisor Md. Rafuquel Islam, Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural
Extension and Information System, SAU, Dhaka, lie took keen interest, provided
scholastic guidance and constant inspiration from the beginning to the completion of
this research work.
The author expresses her proudfull and heart felt gratitude to her research co-
supervisor Md. Sekender Ali, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural
Extension and Information System, SAU, Dhaka for his friendly untiring guidance,
innovative suggestions, constant help, timely instructions and inspirations throughout
the progress of the research work.
The author takes the opportunity to express her houndess gratitude and cordial
thanks to Professor Md. Shadat Ulla, Chairman, Department of Agricultural Extension
and Information System, SAU, Dhaka for his valuable advice, suggestions and
constructive criticism.
Special thanks to Md. Abdul Mannan Bhasani, Executive Director of SPS for the
co-operation of composing of the manuscript by the author at his Dhaka office.
The author expresses her gratitude to the building inhabitants of Mirpur-I() area
who gave their valuable time for interview during the collection of data.
The author wishes to special thanks to her beloved parents, elder sister for their
blessings and moral support.
The Author
CONTENTS
11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF TABLES jv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF APPENDICES v ABSTRACT vi
CHAPTER
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 11-15 2.1 Review of previous research findings 1 1 2.2 Conceptual framework 1 5
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Statements of the problems 2 1.3 Justification of the study 2 1.4 Objectives of the study 3 1.5 Limitations 4 1.6 Assumptions 6 1.7 Definition of terms 7
METHODOLOGY 17-28 3.1 Location of the study 17 3.2 Population and sampling procedure 19 3.3 The research instrument 19 3.4 Measurement of variables 20-28 3.4.1 Independent variables 20 3.4.2 Dependent variables 25 3.5 Hypothesis 26 3.6 Collection of data 27 3.7 Compilation of data 28 3.8 Data processing and analysis 28
CONTENTS (Contd.)
29-41 29
39 41
49-68 49 49 49 52 52 55
55 56 57
58 59
Page
61
63-68
4. FINDINGS & DISCUSSION 4.1 Individual characteristics of the inhabitants 4.2 Dependent variables 4.3 Relationship between the selected characteristics of the
respondents with their adoption of roof gardening .
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUTION & RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Summary 5.1.1 Introduction 5.1.2 Methodology 5.1.3 Major findings 5.1.3.1 Selected characteristics of the respondents 5.1.3.2 Relationship between the adoption with selected
Independent variables 5.1.3.3Problems of roof gardening 5.1.3.5Categories of plants in roof garden. 5.2 Conclusion 5.3 Recommendation 5.3.1 Recommendation for policy implications 5.3.2 Recommendation for further study
6 REFERENCES
7 APPENDICES
in
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 Descriptive statistics of the respondents
Selected characteristics
2 Distribution of respondents according to their age
3 Distribution of respondents according to their Family size
4 Distribution of respondents according to their Family education
5 Distribution of respondents according to their Family annual income
() Distribution of respondents according to their Roof Gardening experience
7 Distribution of respondents according to their use of information sources
8 ' Distribution of respondents according to their attitude towards roof gardening.
9 Distribution of respondents according to their knowledge on roof gardening
10 Distribution of respondents according to their adoption of Roof Gardening
11 Relationship of selected characteristics of respondents with their adoption of roof gardening
V
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 A simple conceptual Framework for the stucf)- 16 2 A Map of Dhaka city showing study area (Mirpur-10) 18
LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDICES 1 English Version of the Interview Schedule 63-68 2 Correlation Matrix of the dependent and
6Q Independent Variables (N=100)
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of adoption of roof gardening at Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka city. Attempts were also made to describe some selected characteristics of the building inhabitants of this area. The selected characteristics were: age, family size, family education, family annual income, roof gardening experience, use of information sources, attitude towards roof gardening and knowledge on roof gardening. One hundred respondents were randomly selected from Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka city. Data were collected by using a pretested personal interview schedule during May„2006. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation “r was used to determine the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents with their extent of adoption of roof gardening. The findings revealed that majority (62 percent) of the respondents possessed no adoption compared to 15% and 23% had low and medium adoption of roof gardening respectively.
Out of nine selected characteristics of the respondents, family size ,roof gardening experience, use of information sources , attitude towards roof gardening and knowledge on roof gardening had positive significant relationship with their adoption of roof gardening. Other characteristics namely,: age, family education and family annual income did not show any significant relationship with the respondents adoption of roof gardening. The main problem of roof gardening was selected as lack of time .Most of the respondents were interested to flower plant for their roof garden.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background:
Gardening is a great hobby. The garden situated on the roofs of the building
Is called roof garden and the activity is called roof gardening. Dhaka is the capital
of Bangladesh. Near about 10 million people live in this city. Buildings occupy
most of the lands of this city. Many of the buildings are used for residence.
There are a few lands to cultivate vegetables, fruits and flowers or
ornamental plants. But there is a great demand for vegetables, fruits flowers or
ornamental plants in this city. The building inhabitants can grow vegetables, fruits
and flowers or ornamental plants on their building’s roof. But in most cases they
do not grow these plants on their building’s roof. But it is very important to
conserve the Environment of the city as well as produce vegetables, fruits and
flowers or ornamental plants. By gardening the gardener can make his health as
well as his family member’s health better. On the other hand there is a lot of
problems for roof gardening. The citizens have lack of roof gardening knowledge
also. These facts indicate the need for conducting survey on roof gardening. l
1.2 Statement of the problems:
In view of the importance of roof gardening the investigators of this
survey were highly interested to find out the adoption and problems of roof
gardening in Dhaka city entitled 44 Adoption of Roof Gardening at Mirpur-10
area under Dhaka city.”
This study attempted to find out the answer of the following research
questions:
1. What are the respondents selected characteristics ?
2. What is the level of adoption of roof gardening of the respondents ?
3. Are there any relationship between the selected characteristics of the
respondents with their adoption on roof gardening?
1.3 Justification of the study
Many studies have so far been conducted on adoption of various aspects of
agriculture. But only a little research has been reported in home and aboard to
determine the adoption on roof garden of the respondents. However, it
3
is very much important to ascertain adoption on roof garden of the building
inhabitants of Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka city. It is about thirty lakh peoples
were live in Dhaka city. The population of Dhaka city increases day by day .On
the other hand the number of plants of this city were decrease day by day .For the
civilization, our children have to live without green environment that is plants.
We have to live just like machine with plants free environment in this city. So
avoiding this unfair situation, we have to build up garden on our house’s roof
In order to achieve this target it is essential to undertake a program to
motivate for the building inhabitants of Dhaka city. However before making
awareness of the respondents for roof gardening it is necessary to gain clear-cut
idea about the present status of adoption of roof gardening of the respondents. On
the above circumstances the researcher has undertaken the present study entitled
“Adoption of roof garden at Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka city.”
1.4 Specific Objectives:
In view of the problems stated above the following specific objectives were
formulated for giving the proper direction to the study:
i. To determine eight selected characteristics of the building Inhabitants of
Mirpur-10, Dhaka city. The characteristics were as: age, family size,
family education, family annual income, roof gardening
experience, use of information sources, attitude toward roof gardening and
knowledge on roof gardening.
ii. To determine and describe the extent of adoption of roof gardening by the
building inhabitants.
iii. To explore the relationships between the selected characteristics of the
respondents’ with their adoption of roof gardening iv. To identify the problem faced by the respondents.
v. To identify the categories of plants in the roof gardening.
1.5 Limitations
In order to conduct the research in a meaningful and manageable way, it
becomes necessary to impose some limitations in certain aspects of the study. Considering the time, money, labour and other necessary resources
available to the researcher, the following limitations have been observed
throughout the study:
1. The study was confined to small area namely Mirpur-10 under Dhaka city.
2. There were many respondents in the study area, but only the respondents
who were building inhabitants were considered for this study. 3. Characteristics of the respondents were many and varied but only eight
characteristics were selected for investigation in this study.
4. For collection of information, the researcher had to depend on the data
furnished by the respondents during their interview.
5. The present study highlights a new dimension of research in the field of
agricultural extension in Bangladesh and so the researcher could not
provide sufficient evidence in equipping his study report with relevant
literature reviews.
1.6 Assumptions
An assumption is the supposition that an apparent fact or principle is true in the
light of the available evidence (Goode and Malt, 1983). Following assumptions
were in the mind of the researcher during concluding the study:
i. The respondents included in the sample were capable of furnishing
proper responses to the questions in the interview schedule.
ii. Views and opinions furnished by the respondents were Unrepresentative
views and opinions of the study. iii. The responses furnished by the respondents were reliable.
iv. The researcher herself as the interviewer was able to coiled the responses
of the respondents with adequate precision.
v. The researcher who acted as an interviewer was well aware of the social
and cultural environment of the study area. Hence, the data collected by
the researcher were free from bias and the respondents furnished their
opinions without hesitations.
7
1.7 Definition of Terms
Certain terms used throughout the study are defined and interpreted below for
clarity of understanding.
Age
Age of a respondent refers to the period from his birth to the time of
interviewing.
Family size
Family size refers to the total number of members including the respondent
himself, his wife, children and other permanent dependents who live and eat
together in a family unit.
Family education
Academic qualification refers to the development of desirable change in
knowledge, skills and attitude in an individual through reading, writing and
other related activities. It was measured in terms of years of schooling
completed by the respondents’ family members at the time of interview
Family annual income
Family annual income of a respondent refers to the total amount of money
(Taka) earned by him and other members of his family from services,
businesses, agriculture sources and other sources in a year for maintaining his
family.
Roof gardening experience
It refers to the total number of years that a respondent participated roof
gardening and practiced the roof gardening as calculated till the time of
data collection.
Use of information sources
Use of information sources of an individual refers to his association in various
sources within a specified period of time with a view to serve the roof garden
toward development.
9
Attitude to roof gardening
Attitude is the mental predisposition of an individual to act in a particular way.
In other words, it refers to one’s favorable or unfavorable feelings, beliefs and
actions towards an object and concept.
Knowledge on roof gardening
Literally knowledge means knowing or what one knows about a subject, fact,
person etc. Knowledge, however, refers to the amount of facts or information
about an idea, object or person which a person knows.
Regarding technological aspect knowledge occurs when an individual is exposed
to a technology's existence and gains some understanding of how it functions
(Rogers, 1983).
Adoption
According to Rogers (1995) adoption is a decision to make full use of an
innovation as the set course of action available. When an individual takes up a
new idea as the best course of action and practices it, the phenomenon is known
as adoption (Ray, 1991). In this study adoption was defined as the
10
phenomenon of taking up a new idea and put it into practices by the respondents.
Roof Garden
The garden that is situated on the building roof is called roof garden and the
activity is called roof gardening.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Review of the previous Research findings
Review was searched in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC),
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Library and from Internet searching.
But there was no previous work on the present topics. Only a book reference
was found from BARC Library and two articles were found in Internet
searching. These are described below.
Krupka, B (1992) wrote a book named “Roof gardening: use of plants and
vegetation on buildings.” This book consists of 20 chapters covering the
history and importance of growing plants on buildings from the architectural
and town planning aspects, developments in techniques of roof gardening in
the last decade, the ecological value of growing plants on buildings, habitat
restrictions of vegetation on buildings, planning factors, prevention of
damage to buildings, preparation and protection of the habitat and different
forms of greening. Chapters 10 to 15 cover the choice of plants for intensive
and extensive' greening’ of roofs, walls and noise reduction screens. Chapter
16 to 17 deal with the qualitative requirement of seeds, plants and4ins-tant
vegetation’, and planting and vegetation stands in relation to decline criteria.
Forms of damage, care and maintenance, and performance of roof and fa9 ade
vegetation are covered in the last 3 chapters. The comprehensive coverage of
the theoretical and practical aspects of growing vegetation on buildings, the
clear diagrams and the extensive list of suitable plants make this book a
valuable source of information. It is to be hoped that an English translation
will be made so that the information will be made so that the information will
be more accessible to a wider readership.
Islam (2001) has published an article named “ Roof gardening as a strategy
of urban agriculture for food security' : the case of Dhaka city,
Bangladesh.”.He has reported that urban agriculture in the cities of
developing countries are growing rapidly which also means the number of
low-income consumers is increasing. Because of food insecurity in these
cities is increasing. Urban agriculture (UA) contributes to food security by
increasing the supply of food and by enhancing the quality of perishable
foods reaching urban consumers. The exploration of local socio-economic
and institutional
14
conditions that might promote and hinder urban agriculture is needed to
implement policies that effectively integrate agriculture into the urban
environment. This study aims to identify the potential for and barriers to UA with
reference to rooftop gardening(RTG) and to explore strategies to promote food
security in Dhaka
S. Brenneisen (2001) provided some important information on the topics "Green
roofs-How nature returns to the city” in the International Conference on Urban
Agriculture. He has reported that following a promotional campaign in
1996,green roofs have become an important factor in urban planning in the city
of Basil, Switzerland. An investigation based on an urban ecological assessment
proved the significance of green roofs for modem town-planning strategies. It
showed that the extent of the area with a high environmental load could be
reduced from 19% to2% of the total. Furthermore, bio-ecological surveys
underlined the need for the development of green roof concepts at the scale of the
town. The wide range of vegetation found on green roofs and the variety of
designs available
according
16
2.2 Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of the study of Rosenbarg and Hovland (I960) was kept in
mind while framing the structural arrangement for the dependent and independent
variables. Adoption of roof gardening of the respondents as dependent variable which
is supposed to be influenced and through interacting forces of many characteristics in
his/her surroundings. It is therefore, necessary to limit the characteristics which
include age, family size, family education, family annual income, roof gardening
experience, use of information sources, altitude towards roof gardening and
knowledge on roof gardening. Based on this discussion and the review of literature
the conceptual framework of this study has been formulated as shown in figure 1.
17
Fig.l A simple conceptual framework for the study
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Use of proper methodology is important in a scientific investigation. It requires a very
careful consideration on the part of the researcher to collect valid and reliable data and
to analyze the same properly to arrive to a meaningful conclusion. The methods and
procedures followed in conducting present study are discussed in this chapter.
3.1 Location of the study
There are 28 thanas in Dhaka City. Mirpur-10 is one of thana of Dhaka. It situated on
the northern side of the city of Dhaka. This area was selected as the locales of the
present study. Three thousand families live in this area. Mirpur-section 10 area was
suitable place to research to determine the adoption of roof gardening of the city
inhabitants as it is situated within the Dhaka city. A map of Dhaka district showing
Mirpur, section-10 has been presented in Figure 3.1
3.2 Population and sampling procedure
About 3,000 families lived in buildings in Mirpur, Section-10 area. The family
heads of building inhabitants were the population of the study. A list of total
inhabitants was collected from the ward commissioner’s office. To minimize the
sample size, the inhabitants were randomly selected which consisted of 100
inhabitants. A reserve list of nine inhabitants was also prepared so that the
inhabitants of this list could be used if any selected respondent was not available
during the interview.
3.3 The research instrument
For the purpose of data collection an interview schedule was prepared keeping
the objectives of the research in view. The schedule contained both open and
closed form questions. Most of the questions were simple and direct while some
scales were included in the schedule to collect data regarding the attitude
towards roof gardening, knowledge on roof gardening
21
and adoption on roof gardening. The draft schedule was pre-tested before using it
for collection of data. Based on the pre-test experience, necessary corrections,
additions, alterations and rearrangements were made in the schedule. Thus the
schedule was prepared for final use. The schedule was prepared in the English
version. because all the inhabitants are educated and they were capable of
understanding the questions. The interview schedule has been presented at
Appendix-1.
3.4 Variables and their Measurement
3.4.1 Measurement of independent variables
An independent variable is that factor manipulated by the experimenter in his
attempt to ascertain its relationship to an observed phenomenon (Townsent,
1953).Eight characteristics of inhabitants were selected as independent variables of
this study. Procedures followed in measuring the selected characteristics are
described in the sub sequent sections.
22
3.4.1.1 Age
Age of an individual was defined as the period of time from the birth to the time
of interview and was operationally measured in terms of years. It was located in
the serial no. l of the interview schedule.
3.4.1.2 Family size
The term family size refers to the number of members of the respondents family.
This variable appears in the serial no.2 of the interview schedule.
3.4.1.3 Family Education
Education of a respondent was measured by the highest grade of formal
schooling completed by him or her in any educational institute. If an
individual was found illiterate, he/she was given a score of “0” .A score of 1
was assigned for each class one formally completed or passed.
Family education refers to the total score of education of all the
member of the family. The question for this variable appears in the serial no.
3 of the interview schedule.
3.4.1.4 Family Annual Income
Family annual income of a respondent was measured in terms of thousand taka.
Income from all sources by all the earning family members were added together
to obtain family annual income. A family annual income score was computed by
assigning one (1) point for each thousand Taka. It was located in the item
number 4 of the interview schedule.
3.4.1.5 Roof Gardening Experience
Roof gardening experience of a respondent was measured by counting the
number of years a respondent actively involved in roof gardening. For each Year
of roof gardening experience the respondent was assigned by a score of 1 and so
on. It was located in the item number 8 of the interview schedule.
24
3.4.1.5 Use of Information sources
For measuring use of information sources, the respondents were asked lo choose
one answer among four nature of contact for each media, namely frequently,
occasionally, rarely and not at all. These four options for each media were
defined specially to each media considering the situation, rationality and result
of pre-test. Scores were assigned for all extension media in the following
manner:
The use of information sources of a respondent was determined by adding the
total responses against the 11 selected media. Thus the total score could range
from 0 to 33, where 0 indicating no use of information sources and 33 indicating
very high use of information sources.
Extent of contact Weighting system
Frequently o J
Occasionally 2
Rarely T 1
Not at all 0
25
3.4.1.6 Attitude towards roof gardening
Fifteen statements Expressing possible and negative feelings towards roof
gardening. A statement was considered positive if it indicated a favorable attitude
towards roof gardening. If it indicated a favourable attitude towards roof gardening.
If the case was reserse , it was considered as a negative statement. Out of these 15
statements 8 were positive and 7 negative. Scoring was done by assigning 4,3,2,1
and 0 scores to the five alternative responses as “Strongly agree”, “agree”,
“undecided”, “Not agree”, ’’Strongly disagree” respectively in case of a positive
statement. Reverses were assigned for a negative statement. However, attitude
toward roof gardening score for a respondent was obtained by summing up his
scores for all the 15 statements in item no 11 in the interview schedule. Attitude
score thus obtained for a respondent could range from to 60, where 0(zero)
indicated very unfavourable attitude and 60 indicated highest level of favourable
attitude towards roof gardening.
3.4.1.7 Knowledge on roof gardening
This refer to ones knowledge about roof gardening. It was measured by asking
the inhabitant ten questions on different aspects of roof gardening.
The total marks for all the question was 20. An inhabitant answering a question
correctly obtained the full marks, while for a partial correct answer he/she was
given marks proportionately. Each question contain 2 marks. This score could
range from 0 to 20, o indicating no knowledge and 20 highest knowledge. This
variable appears in the serial no. 12 of the interview schedule.
3.5 Measurement of dependent variable Adoption of roof gardening
A dependent variable is that factor which appears, disappears or varies as the
experimenter introduces, removes, or varies the independent variables
(Townsent,1953)It is often called predictable variable. Adoption of roof
gardening was the main dependent variable of this research. The respondents
were asked to response on (1) the potential area of their house roof for roof
27
garden, and (2) the area covered by roof garden. Adoption of roof gardening of a
respondent was measured by using the following formula:
Area covered by roof garden (s.f) Adoption of roof garden = ---------------------------------- —— x l00
Potential area (total area of the roof (sf)
Thus adoption of roof gardening of a respondent could ranged from 0 - 100,
while 0 indicating no adoption and 100 indicating highest adoption of root' gardening.
3.5 Hypothesis
A null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the concerned
variables. If a null hypothesis is rejected on the basis of statistical test, it is
concluded that, there is a relationship between the concerned variables. However,
following null hypothesis were formulated for the present study:
1. There was no relationship between the selected characteristics of the family
heads of building inhabitants of Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka and their adoption
of roof gardening.
The selected characteristics were: age, family size, family education, family annual
income, house ownership, roof gardening experience, useful information sources,
attitude towards roof gardening and knowledge on roof gardening.
3.6 Collection of data
Data were collected by the researcher herself during May 2006. To gel valid
pertinent information the researcher made all possible efforts to explain the
purpose of the study to the respondents. Interviews were conducted with the
respondents in their homes. While starting interview with respondent, the
researcher took all possible care to establish rapport with him/her so that he/she did
not feel hesitant or hesitate to furnish proper response to the questions and
statements in the schedule. The questions were clearly explained wherever any
respondent felt difficulty in understanding properly. As all of the inhabitants were
lived in city, they are educated that ensure the researcher to collect information
from them easily.
29
3.7 Compilation of data
After completion of field survey data from all the interview schedules were
compiled, tabulated and analyzed according to the objectives of the study. In this
process, all the responses in the interview schedule were given numerical coded
values. Local units were converted into standard units. The responses to the
questions in the interview schedules were transferred to a
master sheet to facilitate tabulation. Tabulations and cross tabulations were done
on the basis of categories developed by the investigator herself.
3.8 Data processing and analysis
The analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)
Computer package. Descriptive analysis such as range, frequency count, number
and percentage, mean and standard deviation were used wherever possible.
Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (r) was used in order to
explore the relationship between the concerned variables. Throughout the study,
five percent 0.05 level of probability with an accompanying 95 percent
confidence level was used as a basis of rejecting a null hypothesis.
CHAPTER 4
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The Findings of the study field survey and related interpretations have been
presented in three separate sections of this chapter. The first section deals
with the selected individual characteristics of the respondents while the second
section deals with the dependent variables i.e. adoption of roof gardening. The
third section deals with the relationships between the respondent's selected
characteristics with their adoption of roof gardening.
4.1 Individual characteristics of the respondents
In this section the findings of the respondent's individual characteristics have
been discussed. Descriptive statistics of eight selected characteristics of the
respondents have been presented 4.1.
31
Table 4.1 Descriptive statistics of the inhabitants selected characteristics
Observed age of the respondent ranged from 17-67 years with the average of
Characteristics Measuring Range Mean Standard unit Possible Observed deviation Age Years unknown 17- 67 41.36 13.24
Family size Number t! 2- 8 4.21 1.41
Family Education Score fl 21 - 100 46.54 15.243
Family Annual
income
Score II 100 - 700 354.04 155.28
Roof Gardening
Experience
Years u 0- 15 2.41 3.74
Use of information
Sources
Score 0-33 0- 10 1.82 2.63
Attitude towards roof
gardening
Score 0 - 60 8 - 48 24.59 13.39
Knowledge on roof gardening
Score 0-20 4- 17 10.58 3.32
33
41.36 years and standard deviation of 13.24. Based on their age, the categories
and distribution of the respondents have been presented in Table 4.2
From the table 4.2 it was indicated that the highest proportion (41%) of the
inhabitants were young aged. But, the proportions of middle aged and old aged
respondents were almost similar (31% and 28% respectively).
Table 4.2 Distribution of the respondents according to their age Categories Number and Percentage of the respondents
Young (up to 35 year) 41
Middle-aged( 36-50 year) 31
Old (>50 year) 28
Total 100
34
4.1.2 The Family Size
The family size of the respondent ranged from 2 to 8 with an average of 4.21 and
standard deviation of 1.41. On the basis of their family size, the respondents
were classified into three categories as shown in table 4.3. The highest
proportion (56 percent) of respondents felt under the medium category compared
to 7 percent large family and the remaining 37 percent with small family.
Table 4.3 Distribution of respondents according to their family size Categories Number Percentage
Small family (1 to 3 member family ) 37 37
Medium family (4 to 6 member family) 56 56
Large family (up to 7 member family) 7 7
Total 100 100
35
Education of a respondent’s family was measured by the level of his formal
education i.e. highest grade (class) passed by all member of his family. The
observed education score of the respondents ranged from 21 to 100 with the
average of 46.54 and standard deviation of 15.243. Based on their family
education, the categories and distribution of the respondents have been
presented in table 4.4
'Table 4.4 indicated that about 12 % respondents were low educated. The
highest percentage was medium educated (70%), the rest 18% of the
respondents were highly educated.
Table 4.4 Distribution of respondents according to their family education. Categories Percentage
Low educated ( Score below 32 ) 12
Medium educated (Score 32 to 61 ) 70
Highly educated (score up to 61) 18
Tota1 100
4.1.4 Family Annual Income
Family annual income of a respondent was determined by his family’s total i
income from business, service, agriculture and other sources during a year.
Family Annual income score of a respondent was expressed in thousand taka.
The observed range of family annual income score was 100 to 700 with an
average of 354.04 and standard deviation of 155.28. On the basis of their
family annual income, the respondents were classified into three categories as
shown in Table 4.5. Table: 4.5 Distribution of respondents according to their family annual income
Categories (Measured in ‘000 Tk.) Percentage
Low income (> 200) 27
Medium income( 200 to 500) 62
High income (up to 500) 1 1
Total 100
Table 4.5 indicated that majority (62%) of the respondents had medium family
annual income compared to 27% and 11% had low and high family income
respectively.
4.1.5 Roof gardening Experience
35
Experience in roof gardening score of the respondents ranged from 0-15 years
with the average of 2.41 and standard deviation of 3.74. According to their roof
gardening experience the respondents were classified into three categories as
shown in table 4.6
Table 4.6 indicates that the highest proportion (65%) of the respondents had low'
experienced on roof gardening, compared to 21% and 14% had medium and high
experience of roof gardening.
Table 4.6 Distribution of respondents according to their experience in roof gardening.
Categories
Low experience (up to 2 years)
Percentage
65
Medium experience (2 to 6 years) 21
High experience (up to 7 years) Total 14
100
4.1.6 Use of information sources
36
Percentage
94
100
Observed score of use of information sources of the respondents ranged from 0
to 10 against the possible range of 0 of 33. The average and standard deviation
were 1.82 and 2.63 respectively. Based on their use of information sources, the
respondents were classified into two categories. This has been presented in
table 4.7.
Table 4.7 Distribution of respondent's according to their use of information Sources.
Categories
Low use of information sources (below 2 score)
Medium use of information sources (> to 6 score) 6
Total
Table 4.7 indicates that the highest proportion (94%) of the respondents had
low use of information sources while only 6% had medium use of information
sources. Nobody of the respondents was found having high rate of use
information sources about roof gardening.
4.1.7 Attitude towards roof gardening
37
Attitude towards roof gardening score of all the respondents ranged from 8 Lo
48 against the possible range of 0 Lo 60. The average and standard deviation
were 24.59 and 13.39 respectively based on the attitude towards roof
gardening, the respondents were classified into three categories which have
been presented in Table 4.8.
Table 4.8 Distribution of respondents according to their attitude towards roof Gardening.
attitude were only 20%. The rest (25%) of the respondents had high favorable
attitude towards roof gardening.
Categories Percentage
Unfavorable attitude ( < 12 score, i.e. <mean - 1st1) 20
Moderately favorable attitude (13 to 37 score, i.e. mean I |S(I) 55
Highly favorable attitude (> to 37 score, i.e. >mean+ lsd) 25
Total
100
Table 4.8 showed that most (55%) of the respondents had moderate favorable
attitude towards roof gardening. Respondents having unfavorable
38
4.1.8 Knowledge on roof gardening f-> f-*
The knowledge on roof gardening score of the respondents could range from
0-20, while that observed score ranged from 4 to 17. The mean was 10.58 and
the standard deviation was 3.32. Based on their knowledge on roof
gardening scores, the respondents were classified into three categories, which
have been presented in table 4.9. Table 4.9 Distribution of respondent according to their knowledge of roof Gardening.
Categories Percentage
Low knowledge (Below 7 score) Medium knowledge (7 to
13 score)
17
60
High knowledge (up to 13 score) 23
Total 100
Table 4.9 revealed that majority (60%) of the respondents possessed medium
knowledge on roof gardening. Compared to 17% and 23% had low and high
knowledge on roof gardening.
39
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
4.2. Adoption of roof gardening
The respondent's adoption of roof gardening in study area ranged from 0 to 67
against the possible range of 0 to 100 .The average adoption score was 14.60
and the standard deviation was 20.59. Based on the adoption score the
respondents were classified into three categories as shown in table 4.10. Table
4.10 Distribution of respondents according to their adoption
Data in table 4.10 revealed that the highest (62%) proportion of the
respondents had no adoption while 15% and 23% had low and medium
adoption of roof gardening. Nobody had high adoption of roof gardening.
Because of this fact, might be clue to the lack of time, lack of place, and
proper motivational work about roof gardening.
Categories Percentage
No adoption (0 score) 62
Low adoption (1-33 score) 15
Medium adoption (34 - 67 score) 23
Total 100
4.3 Relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents with their adoption on roof gardening
40
This section deals with the relationship between the independent variables and
dependent variables of the study. The selected characteristics of the respondents
constituted the independent variables while the dependent variable was the
respondents adoption of roof gardening. Pearson's Product Moment Co-efficient
of Correlation (V) has been used to test the null hypotheses concerning the
relationships between the variables. At least 0.05 level of significance was used
as the basis for rejection of a null hypothesis.
The results of correlation test have been presented in table 4.11. However, a
correlation matrix for all independent and dependent variables has been included
in Appendix- 2
Tabic 4.11 Relationship of selected characteristics of respondents with their adoption on roof gardening. (N=100)
NS = Not Significant
df = 98
* = Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
** = Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)
Selected characteristics (T n d ependen1 variables)
, , 1 _ Computed ‘r’
value ‘r’
Tabula toil value
5% level 1% level
Age .066Nb
Family size .240*
Family education . 171N ‘s
Family annual income .062NS 0.196 0.254
Roof gardening experience .764**
Use of information sources .777**
Attitude .827**
Knowledge .341**
4.3.1 Age and adoption of roof gardening
The relationship between age of the respondents with their adoption of roof
gardening was measured by testing the following null hypothesis: “There is no
relationship between age of the respondents and their adoption of roof
gardening.” The computed value of ‘r* (0.066) was smaller than that of the
tabulated value (0.196) with 98 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of probability.
Hence, the concerned null hypothesis was accepted. It could be concluded from
the finding that there was no significant relationship between age of respondents
and their adoption of roof gardening.
4.3.2 Family size and adoption of roof gardening
The relationship between family size of the respondents and their adoption of
roof gardening was measured by testing the following null hypothesis: “There is
no relationship between family size of the respondents and their adoption of roof
gardening.” The computed value of V (0.240) was greater than that of the
tabulated value (0.196) with 98 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of probability.
Hence the concerned null hypothesis was rejected. The finding indicated that the
family size of the respondents had a positive
43
significant relationship with their adoption of roof gardening. This implied
that the more large family size of a respondent, the more was the adoption of
selected roof gardening.
4.3.3 Family education and adoption of roof gardening
The relationship between family education of the respondents and adoption of
roof gardening was measured by testing the following null hypothesis: “There
is no relationship between family education of the respondents and their
adoption of roof gardening.” The computed value of V was (0.171) was
smaller than that of the tabulated value (0.196) with 98 degrees of
freedom at 0.05 level of probability. Hence, the concerned null hypothesis was
accepted. It could be concluded from the finding that there was no significant
relationship between family education of the respondents and their adoption of
roof gardening.
4.3.4 Family annual income and adoption of roof gardening
The relationship between family annual income of the respondents and their
adoption of roof gardening was measured by testing the following null
44
hypothesis: "There is no relationship between family annual income of the
respondents and their adoption of roof gardening." The computed value of Y
(0.062) was smaller than that of the tabulated value (0.196) with 98 degrees of
freedom at 0.05 level of probability. Hence, the concerned null hypothesis was
accepted. It could be concluded from the finding that there was no significant
relationship between family annual income of the respondents and their
adoption of roof gardening.
4.3.5 Roof gardening experience and adoption of roof gardening
The relationship between roof gardening experience of the respondents
and their adoption of roof gardening was measured by testing the following null
hypothesis: “There is no relationship between roof gardening experience of the
respondents and their adoption of roof gardening.” The computed value of V
(0.764) was greater than that of the tabulated value of V (0.254) with 98 degrees
of freedom at 0.01 level of probability. Hence, the concerned null hypothesis was
rejected.
The findings implied that roof gardening experience of the respondents had a
positive significant relationship with their adoption of roof gardening. It
could, therefore, be concluded that the more roof gardening experience of a
respondent, the more was the adoption of roof gardening.
4.3.6 Use of information sources and adoption of roof gardening
The relationship between use of information sources of the respondents and
their adoption of roof gardening was examined by testing the following null
hypothesis:" There is no relationship between use of information sources of
the respondents and their adoption of roof gardening.” The computed value of
V (0.777) was greater than the tabulated value of V (0.254) with 98 degrees of
freedom at 0.01 levels of probability. This means that the concerned null
hypothesis was rejected. Thus the use of information sources of the
respondents had a positive significance relationship with their adoption of
roof gardening. The findings is quite logical because the more use of
information, the more was the adoption of the respondents.
40
4.3.7 Attitude towards roof gardening and adoption of roof gardening
The relationship between attitude towards roof gardening of the respondents
and their adoption of roof gardening was examined by testing the following
null hypothesis: “’There is no relationship between attitude towards roof
gardening of the respondents and their adoption of roof gardening." The
computed value of V (0.827) was greater than the tabulated value of V (0.254)
with 98 degrees of freedom at 0.01 levels of probability. This means that the
concerned null hypothesis was rejected. Thus the attitude towards roof
gardening of the respondents had a positive significance relationship with
their adoption of roof gardening. The finding is logical, because the more
attitudes toward roof gardening, the more was the adoption of roof gardening
of the respondents.
4.3.8 Knowledge on roof gardening and adoption of roof gardening
The relationship between knowledge on roof gardening and their adoption of
roof gardening was examined by testing the following null hypothesis: “There
is no relationship between knowledge on roof gardening and their adoption of
roof gardening.” The computed value of V (0.341) was greater
•17
than the tabulated value of ‘r ‘(0.254) with 98 degrees of freedom at 0.01 levels
of probability. This means that the concerned null hypothesis was rejected. Thus
the knowledge on roof gardening of the respondents had a positive significance
relation with their adoption of roof gardening.
4.4 Problems Faced by the respondents
Ten problems which might be laced by the respondent were identified. In respect
of each problem, each respondent indicated to what extent that problem was
faced by him. His response was noted by putting a tick mark in any of the five
columns and was quantified by: very much (•!), much (3), some (2), little (1), not
at all. (0).
The roof gardening problem index (RGPI) of a particular practice was measured
by using following formula.
RGPI = 4xf1 + 3xf3 -I- 2xf2 + 1 xf! + oxf0
Where, RGPI =
f4= number of respondents who faced very much problems
f3 = number or respondents who faced much problems
f 2= number of respondents who faced some problems
f1 = number of respondents who faced little problems
f° = number of respondents who faced not at all
problem
While 0 indicating not at all problem and 400 indicating very much problem
By this formula, the most important problem of the respondents’ was
identified as “lack of time”. Other problems were followed by “roof gardening
is laborious, lack of knowledge, difficult to manage necessary elements,
difficult to make roof garden for a tenant, seedling damaged, theft seedling,
flowers, fruits etc by thief no benefit in roof gardening, lack of irrigation
facilities and lack of sun shine due to side building respectively.
4.5 Categories of plants in the roof garden:
Most of the roof gardener of the research area planted flower and ornamental
plants. The next important plants were fruits, vegetables and medicine plants.
The rich people of the research area was choose Bonsai for their roof garden
and indoor decoration because of it’s high price. The most common
flower were Rose and Marigold , Besides these the most common fruits were
Mango and Guava. The respondents like to planted Chili as vegetables as the
need of their family.
49
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 SUMMARY
5.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The tittle of the thesis is “Adoption of roof gardening at Mirpur -10 area under
Dhaka city”. There is a great demand for vegetables, fruits and flowers or
ornamental plants at Mirpur,section-10 area under Dhaka city. The building
inhabitants of Dhaka city can grow vegetables, fruits and flowers or
ornamental plants on their building’s roofs. It is very important for conserving
the environment of the city as well as production vegetables, fruits and flowers
or ornamental plants. By gardening the gardener can make his health as well as
his family member’s health better. These facts indicate the need for conducting
the study to determine the adoption of roof gardening with the following
objectives :
i) To determine eight selected characteristics of the building inhabitants
of Mirpur-10, Dhaka city’, such as: age, family size, family education,
50
family annual income, roof gardening experience, use of information
sources, attitude toward roof gardening and knowledge on roof
gardening.
ii. To determine and describe the extent of adoption of roof gardening by
the building inhabitants.
iii. To explore the relationships between the selected characteristics of the
respondents’ with their adoption of roof gardening
iv. To identify the problem faced by the respondents. v. To identify the categories of plants in the roof gardening.
5.1.2 METHODOLOGY
Mirpur, section 10 areas under Dhaka city was the locale of this research.
Family heads of building inhabitants of this area were the population of this
research.
One hundred (100) family heads of building inhabitants of Dhaka city of the
selected area were the sample of the research. An interview schedule was
made earlier and this interview schedule was the instrument for collection of
data from the building Family heads of inhabitants of Mirpur-10 of Dhaka
city. Data was collected in May 2006.
Adoption of roof gardening was the only dependent variable of this study,
Eight selected characteristics such as age, family size, family education,
family annual income, roof gardening experience, use of information
sources, attitude towards roof gardening and knowledge on roof gardening
were considered as independent variables for the study.
Statistical measures such as number, frequency distribution, percent, possible
range, observed range, mean, standard deviation etc were used in describing
the selected dependent and independent variables. Simple, correlation was
used for determining the relationship between the dependent and independent
variables.
5.1.3 MAJOR FINDINGS
Selected characteristics of the respondents
Age:
The range of age of the respondents was 17 lo 67 years .Data indicated that most
(41%) of the respondents was young aged 3) % was middle aged and the rest 28%
of the respondents were old aged.
Family size:
The observed range of family members of the respondents was found 2 to 8
persons. Most (56%) of the respondents had medium member family members
compared to 37% and 7% have small and large family members.
Family education:
Family education score of the respondents ranged from 21 to 100 with an average
being of 46.540 and standard deviation of 15.243. The highest proportion (70%)
of the respondents had medium family education.
Family annual income: Family annual income score of the respondents
ranged from 100 to 700, the average was 354.04 with a standard deviation of
155.28. The highest proportion (84%) of the respondents had medium family
annual income.
Roof gardening experience: Roof gardening experience of the respondents
ranged from 0 to 15 years, The average was 2.41 with a standard deviation of
3.74 .The highest proportion (65%) of the respondents had low experience in
roof gardening.
Use of information sources: The range of use of information sources of the
respondents ranged from 0 to 10. The average was 1.82 with the standard
deviation of 2.63.The highest proportion (94%) of the respondents had low
use of information sources.
Attitude towards roof gardening: Attitude towards roof gardening of the
respondents ranged from 8 to 48. The average was 24.59 with a standard
54
deviation of 13.39.The highest proportion ((55%) of the respondents had medium
attitude towards roof gardening.
Knowledge on roof gardening: The range of knowledge of the respondents was 4
to 17.The average was 10.58 with a standard deviation of 3.32. The highest
proportion (60%) of the respondents had medium knowledge about roof
gardening.
Adoption of roof gardening: Adoption of roof gardening of the respondents
ranged from 0 to 67. The average was 14.60 with a standard deviation of 20.59.
The highest proportion (62%) of the respondents had -no adoption of roof
gardening.
55
Relationship between adoptions of roof gardening of the building
inhabitants of Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka city with their selected
characteristics:
Simple correlation was used to examine the relationships between the eight
selected characteristics of the respondents with their adoption of roof gardening.
These eight selected characteristics were age, family size, family education,
family annual income, roof gardening experience, use of information sources,
attitude toward roof gardening and knowledge on roof gardening. Among the
selected characteristics age, family education and family annual income had no
significant relationship with adoption of roof gardening of the respondents. The
remaining five selected characteristics such as family size, roof gardening
experience, use of information sources, attitude toward roof gardening and
knowledge on roof gardening had significant positive relationship with adoption of
roof gardening.
Problems of roof gardening:
Ten problems were identified for roof gardening. Lack of time was the most
important problem. It was quite logical as because the inhabitants of Mirpur
56
Area under Dhaka city are very much busy with their work. The next important
problem was roof gardening was Laborious” and 3rd important problem was
lack of knowledge. The 4th to 10th problems were -Difficult to supply plant
essential nutrient elements, difficult to make roof garden for a tenant, seedling
damage, theft of seedling-flowers-fruits etc, no benefit in roof gardening, lack
of irrigation facilities and lack of sun shine due to side building.
Categories of plants in the roof garden:
The roof gardeners of Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka city grow flowers, fruits ,
vegetables, medicine plants and ornamental plants on their building roof
garden. Most of the roof gardener of these research area planted flower and
ornamental plants like herbs and shurbs. Cuctus as ornamental plant was most
favorable of the respondents. Fruits like guava (Kazi peara), Mango
(Amropalli)Xemon (Kagoji lebo) were the most favorable plants for roof
gardening.Medicine plants like Aloe vera (grito kumari),Mehedi, Tulsi etc were
the most favorable plants. The rich people of the research area had
57
chosen Bonsai for their roof garden and indoor decoration, because of it’s high
price. Fruits and vegetables were in 2nd and 3rd position respectively.
5.1.4 CONCLUSION
The researcher drown the following conclusions finally.
1. Family size, roof gardening experience, use of information sources, attitude
and knowledge had significant positive relationship with adoption of roof
gardening of the respondents. Among the respondents 76 % had low or
medium roof gardening knowledge.
2. Ten problems were identified for roof gardening. Lack of time was the most
important problem. The next important problem was “ Roof gardening is
laborious” and the 3rd important problem was lack of
knowledge about roof garden. The 4 to 10 problems were difficult to make
roof garden for a tenant, difficult to supply essential nutrient elements,
seedling damage, theft of seedling, flower, fruits etc by their zero benefit in
roof gardening, lack of irrigation, lack of sun shine due to side building
respectively.
58
3. The majority portion of the respondents receive necessary information about
roof gardening from nursery owner. Friends and relatives were the next
highest important sources of information. Neighbours, Television,
agricultural books, tree fair, news paper were other source of information
about roof gardening.
4. Most of the roof gardener of Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka city planted flower
and ornamental plants like herbs and shrubs. Fruits and vegetables were in
2nd and 3rd position respectively.
5.1.5 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of the study and practical consideration the following
recommendations were made :
1. Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University situated in the middle of Dhaka city.
So this university or other research organizations can organize training
courses on “Roof gardening” and supply essential materials to the
respondents. Then they will be able to make garden on their roof.
59
2. Steps should be taken to overcome the problems of roof gardening in
Mirpur-10 area under Dhaka city.
3. Steps should be taken to develop the technologies to grow flower and
ornamental plants like herbs and shrubs and vegetables and fruits on roof
garden.
4. Steps should be taken to provide necessary information by Sher-e- Bangla
Agricultural University, department agricultural extension or agricultural
research organizations.
5. Since time constrant for emerged as the main problem for roof gardening
following measures be taken to address this issue-
i) Researchers and planners need to come up with less laborious, less
time consuming and users friendly roof gardening design and
methods.
ii) Dhaka city corporation, DAE and other service provider should
encourage city people to put aside some spare of time for roof
gardening despite their busy life.
iii) A series of workshops entitled ‘Roof gardening for happy and healthy
living 4 could be organized for local communities, civil
60
societies and other stake holders organized/ sponsored by Dhaka city
corporation or other organization.
5.1.6 RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDY
On the basis of scope and limitations of the present study and observation made
by the research work the following recommendations are made for further study:
1. The present study was conducted in only Mirpur-10 area of Dhaka District.
Such studies are required to conducted in other areas of the country.
2. During the research work , it was identify that no training about roof
gardening over 100 listed respondents was found. To find the reason of not
training about roof gardening another research would be done later.
3. The research had only include the roof garden but not the garden in
“Balkony” were counted here. But at the time of data collection there was found
that a large number of respondents had garden in balkonies. Based
on this subject a further research would be done.
4. Based on the information about roof gardening a research work would be
done on the topics of urban agriculture of Dhaka city.
REFERENCES
Krupka, B.1992. Roof Gardening: Use of Plants and Vegetation on Buildings.
Genman p. 508.
Townsent, J.C. 1953. Introduction to Experimental Method. International
Student Edition. New York. McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc.p.52
Rahman, M.S.2002. Roof gardening in Dhaka city- a survey report. B.sc.Ag
(part III).Survey report, Department of Agricultural Extension and Information
System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka.
Press, E.M. 1983. Diffusion of Innovation. 3rd ed.New York: The Free
Rosenburg, M and C.I. Plovland. 0960. Research on Communication and
ttitude coated in Trainds, H.C. 1971. Attitude and Attitude Change, John
Wiley Publisher, New York.
Goode, C.V. 1945. Dictionary of Education. New York : McGraw-Hill Book
Company, Inc. Ray, G.L. 1991. Extension Communication and Management.
Calcutta : Naya Prokash, Kolkata.
Rogers, E.M. 1995. Diffusion of Innovation. 4th Edn. New York. The Free Press
62
APPENDIX-A
An English Version of the Interview Schedule
Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
Interview schedule for collection of data From the Building Inhabitants of Dhaka city on Roof Gardening
SI. No ..................
Name of the respondents ................................................................................................ Address: .....................................................................................................
(Please furnish the following information. Your information will be kept in confidential)
1. How old are you ? ......................... years. 2. Family size
Male ........... Female ........... Total .............
3. Give information about your family : SI. No Relation Age Education
4. Give information about your annual income:
5. Mention your house ownership. (Put marks where necessary)
House owner Tenant Government Quarters
6. Have you any garden on your building roof? (Put marks where necessary)
Yes No
7. Give information about your garden:
7. a Mention total area of your house's roof ........................... sf
7. b Mention different information about your roof garden:
SI. No Sources of income Amount of annual income (Tk.) 1 Business
2 Services
o J
Agriculture
4 Others
! SI. No Types of plants j Area covered 1 Flowers
1 2 Fruits
J Ornamental plants 1
4 Vegetables
5 Medicines
6 Bonsai i
8 .How many years you are performing this roof gardening? years
9. Mention your extent of use of information sources about roof gardening? SI. No
_
In formation Sources
Regularly
4
Frequently
3
Occasion ally
2
Rarely
1
Never
0
Neighbors 14 or more/ month
10-12/ month
8-10/ month
1-3/ month
0/ month
i |2 Friends / Relatives 14 or more/
month 10-12/ month
8-10/ month
1-3/ month
0/ month
n J
T~
Agricultural Extension Workers
7 or more / month
5-6/ month 3-4/ month
1-2/ month
0/ J month
! 1
Agricultural Extension Officer
10 or more/ year
7-8/ year 3-4/ year 1 -2/ year 0/ year ; 1
5 Radio 6 or more / month
4-5/ month 2-3/ month
1/ month 0/ 1 month j
i
6
1 I ......
Television 20 or more/ year
15-19/ year 8-14/ year
1 -7/ year 0/ year 1 !
7 1
Agricultural Books 7 or more/ year 5-6/ year 3-4/' year 1 -2/ year 0/ year |
8 News Paper 15 or more / month
12-15/ month
10-12/ month
2-3/ month
0/ month |
9 Internet 5 or more/ year 4/ year 2-3/ year 1/ year 0/ year
10
Nursery owner 7 or more/ year 5-6/ year 3-4/ year 1 -2/ year 0/ year
11
Tree fair 7 or more/ year 5-6/ year 3 -4/ year I -2/ year 0/ year j
10. Attitude towards roof gardening :
65
Please indicate your agreement regarding the following statements. SI. No. Statements Extent of agreement
Strongly Agree
Agree Undecided Not agree
Strongly Disagree
1 +
Gardening is good for health. Sol am interested to make a roof garden.
2 Water used for roof garden help to increase the number of mosquito. So I avoid it.
3 +
Now-a days the most demanding event is flowers. So I am interested to make a roof garden for income.
4 | Roof gardening takes lack of - | time. So I avoid this.
5 +
Roof gardening increases the beautification of the house.
6 Roof gardening is labourious. So I avoid it.
7 +
Roof gardening helps to increase the environmental development.
8 Roof gardening damaged building roof.
9 +
Roof gardening helps to supply fresh Oxyzen to us.
10 I avoid to make a roof garden. Because it is difficult to supply essential plant nutrient element.
11 +
Roof gardening helps to fulfill my hobby. So I like to create a roof garden.
12 11 is difficult to make roof garden for lack of space. So I avoid it.
13 Roof gardening is time consuming habbit.
14 +
Roof gardening is helpful to make children’s mind fresh.
15 +
Roof gardening can help me to make famous.
11. Please answer the following questions.
12.Mention the problems of roof gardening (Mention Rank Order)
Thank you Signature of the interviwer.
Dated:
SI. No. Questions Full marks
Obtained Marks
1 Name two flowers which can be grown on roof 2
2 Name two fruits which can be grown on roof 2
3 Name two ornamental plants which can be grown on roof.
2
4 Mention two diseases of flowers 2
5 Name the propagating materials of rose. 2
6 Name one famous mango variety which can be grown on roof garden.
2
7 Mention the insect of flowers 2
8 Mention the amount of water for cactus 2
9 Name two flowers which bloom at night 2
10 What is the difference between cutting and budding?. 2
Total 20
SI. No Problems Rank Order 1 Difficult to make roof garden for a tenant
2 Roof gardening is Laborious
3 Difficult to supply essential plant nutrient elements
4 Lack of time
5 Lack of roof gardening knowledge
6 Seedling damaged
7 Theft seedling, flower, fruits etc by thief
8 Zero benefit in roof gardening
9 Lack of irrigation facilities
10 Lack of sun shine due to side building
68
APPENDIX - B
Correlation Matrix of the dependent and independent variables (N=100)
*= Correlat ion i s s ig ni f icant at 0 .01 leve l of
probabi l i ty . ** = Corre lat ion i s s ig ni f i cant a t 0 .05
level o f probabi l i ty .
Variables XI X2 j X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 | X9 XI 1.000 1 i X2 .092 1.000 | - X3 .040 .664** 1.000 i X4 -.060 .165 ** 1.000 - X5 .275** .359** 9 7 j * * .016 1.000 - X6 .137 .305** .254* .012 .737** 1.000 - X7 .113 .292** .145 -.047 .767** .871** 1.000
X8 .072 .086 - .102 -.182 .210* .398** .507** 1.000
X9 .066 .240* .171 .062 .764** .777** .827** .341** 1.000
X6 = Use of inf ormat ion
sources X7 = At t i tude X8 =
Knowledge X9 =Adopt i on XI = Age
X2 =Fami ly s i ze
X3 =Fami ly educat i on
X4 =Fami ly annua l i ncome
X5 =Roof gardening exper ience
