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7/28/2019 ADH Diagram Animated
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Water contentof the blood normal
Water content of
the blood HIGHWater content of
the blood LOW
Too much water drunk
Too much salt
or sweating
Brain
producesMore ADH
Urine output
LOW
Brainproduces
Less ADH
Urine output
HIGH
High volume of water
reabsorbed by kidney
Low volume of water
reabsorbed by kidney
(small volume of
Concentrated urine)
(large volume of
dilute urine)
7/28/2019 ADH Diagram Animated
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Click on the screen
icon below to run thetutorial
(then click the mouse button to
make it play through)
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All land animals need to conserve water.
This is because the external environment is usually
drier than the internal environment of the animals
body. Thus, water will tend to diffuse away from the
body.
There is also a need to excrete waste products such
as urea, which is dissolved in water. This creates aproblem!
In mammals, the kidneys are responsible for both excretion of
urea andosmoregulation (the control of body fluid
concentration).
So, the kidney must balance the need to excrete with the need
to conserve water, in other words it must produce a small
volume of highly concentrated urine.
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The operating unit of the kidney is called the
nephron.
There are about 1 million nephrons in each of
the 2 kidneys.
Each nephron comprises 5 segments:
Glomerulus
Proximal (first) convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal (second) convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
The Loop of Henle allows mammals to produce
urine which is more concentrated than body
fluids...
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Cortex
Medulla
The nephrons are packed into the kidney:
the glomeruli and convoluted tubules in the cortex,
the loops and collecting ducts extending into the medulla.
All the collecting ducts eventually join up to form the ureter,
emptying urine into the bladder and away!
Ureter
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CortexWater leaves - ion
concentration in
filtrate increases
Filtrate reaches maximum concentration
Chloride ions out
(sodium follows) -
ion concentrationin filtrate decreases
Medulla
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To ureter
Collecting duct Several nephrons
empty into one
collecting duct.
The collecting duct
passes through the
progressively more
concentrated medulla,
losing water byosmosis. This water
is reabsorbed by the
capillaries.
This water is
conserved, and a
highly concentrated
urine is produced.
Water reabsorbed into vasa recta,
urine becomes more concentrated
Cortex
Medulla
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Now test yourself
Be warned - this test requires you
to understand everythingthat goes
on in the nephron
Not for the faint-hearted!
(if the test doesnt appear straight away,
click on Reload)
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/loopquiz.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/loopquiz.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/loopquiz.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/loopquiz.htm