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C erta in comp lex syst ems can gener ate pheno mena that classical theory cannot explain. Their behavior ma y be rep resent ed by a simpli fie d sch eme tha t com- bines both a deterministic and stochastic source [8], [12], [15]. To that end, researchers are using noise in various syst ems to enha nce theirfunctionwithout alter ing the syst em. Noise-Added Systems The se stu die s foc us on the beh avi or of bis ta ble , thr esh - old-based systems that are forced by both a periodic signal, wit h an ampli tud e lower tha n thesyste m thr esh old , anda sto - chastic component. The interaction between the two signals transforms the system function at the same frequency of the perio dic forcing signal. The pheno meno n includ es an in - creased signal-to-noise ratio and a peak in the output signal spectrumat the freque ncy of the forc ing signa l, corr espo nding to an optimal noi se lev el. Thi s is cal led stochastic resonance (SR) [9], [14]. The SR phenomenon can be interpreted as a reduction in threshold. Fig. 1(a) illustrates the case of a Schmitt trigger. SR 24 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine March 2001 1094-6969/01/$10.00©2001IEEE © 1996 Digital Stock

Adding Noise to Improve Measurement

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