AD-A 166 022 - DTICgalo0 (U.S. Liquid) setar ( I( 3.735 412 xI -), inch eater (a) 2.540000 N I - jrk joule M) [.am 000 x 4. joule klogram (Jtkn) (radiation deo" a4borb"d) gray (Cy)o

AD-A 166 022 DNA-TR-85-13-AP-B

INTEGRATED BATTLEFIELD EFFECTS RESEARCH FOR THENATIONAL TRAINING CENTERAppendix B1-Requirements Design Specification for the Addition

of Nuclear and Chemical Capabilities to the National TrainingCenter (NTC) Core Instrumentation Subsystem (CIS)

Science Applications International CorporationP. 0. Box 2351

L.a Jolla, CA 92038-2351

31 December 1984

Technical Report

CONTRACT No. DNA 001-f.1-C-0273

cj~jC)C I ~1)1Approved for public release:distribution, is unlimited.

THIS WORK WAS SPONSORED BY THE DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCYUNDER RDT&E RMSS CODE S400082466 V99QAXNLOO125 H2590D.

Prepared for -CTDirector •APR 01986DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCYWashington, DC 20305-1000

U6II CoP y, % 3 6 oaY(

UNCLASSIFIED \ ,. qSiC'.RIfl CASIAO F-5

3 ~REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

'a 4E;ORT SjCLR'T'V CLASS,F'r-AlON 'o 46STAICT;VE M~ARI(INCS

UNCLASS I FIED______________________2 -LillyC'.SSiFIC-A~i0N Aur40~iry 3 DISTRIOUTION/AVAILgUTY Of 4EPO~R

NA since Unclassified Approved for public release; distributionZb 0kCL.ASSiFicAr:ON= ~W-NiGjA0'NG S04EDULE suniitdN/A since Unclassified

A OER04ORMING ORG.AP4IMIOIJ REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGAzuZ.lION AEPORT NI.JMSEMR(S)

R:LJF-84-019 DNA-TR-85- 13-AP-B6A. NAME OF PERFORMIN4G ORGANILArIO"' 6b. Off4C1 SYM6SOL 7&, *AM1 Of V~ORITORIPNG ORGANIZATiONScience Applications of Jopka"O~ DirectorInternational Corporation J_______ Defense Nuclear Agency

Sr. AOORESS (Cry. State. and ZIPCOdi) 7b. AOORESS (Cry, State, - ZIP Ci;4*

P.O. Box 2351WahntnDC23510La Jolla, CA 92038-2351WahntDC00500

sall %AMI OF A.JNOIN4GiSPONSQRING SbR OFFICE SYMBOLt I PROC.iR VIENr NSTUMENt .O(NriFicAr'ON 14UMSERORGANIZATION (i 0WWO

Sc. AOORESS (City. State. and ZIP Code) !0 SOURCE OF OUNOING4 NUMBERS

PROCRAAM 00OiECT ýASXt WOX _.NIT'ELEMENT NO NO NO ACCESS;ON -NO

__________________62715H V99QAXN L tH06531311 r1rLE (Imiclude SocunITY Oj~whicjrwjINTEGRATED BATTLEFIELD EFFECTS RESEARCH FOR THE NATIONAL TRAINING CENTERAppendix B-Requirements Design Specification for the Addition of Nuclear and Chemical

12. PIRSONAL AUTN*OR(S)Erickson, D.; Ickler, J.; McKeown, P.; Metzger, L..; Plock, R.; Packard, B..; and Birney, J.

i13j TY95 OF RtPOR1T 13b. Timd coviAso P .&T OFr as EPORT (,fear MonthI. 04,Y) S *&Gi COUNTTechnical %leam 330613 To 84 120 11 841231 1' 194

tG5 SUPIPL.EMINTAlRy *OTATIONIThis work was sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under RDT&E RMSS Code S400082466V99QAXNLOO125 H2590D.

!7 CCiAI1 c00o15 is 5SuACT "1114PS 4omV ont reyqfl f noirmary 4tvd .dVV'?7Iy ay o~oc riti~('EO AOP I SudB<Mcul Training Military Doctrine1S 7 1Integrated Battlefield

5 9 1Military Strategy19 zABs-'MACT (camnlim on ilo '~f~ neesr anai~ d*01 aytf% bioc nuC moew

Research performed to evaluate and develop enhancements for integrated battlefield trainingat the U.S. Army National Training Center is described. These enhancements had been identi-fied and concepts developed for their application in earlier phases of this research. Thereport consists of the basic volumie summ~arizing the research task:;, approach, results, con-clusions, and recommrend~ations; plus twvelve appendices-which provide det~ails on the ninemajor tasks into which the research weas divided. Res~rch performed and the associatedappendices are as follows:I- I /I

Dev~i1opment of nuclear and chemical environmental and effects softweare-Analysis of nuclear algorithms Appendix A

00 DIT1UrONNA.MLAI YO ASA- 1413 AiSMARC SEIA' 5C-AISpC~ASS:r0CN P

AlloTM 40Tam 4f OM~tqUNCLASSItFIED0

I

lei

*• UNCLASSIFIED"$11,CuN"'1' €LAIPICAOt4 OP T"iM PAGI

11. TITLE (Continued)

Capabilities to the National Training Center (NTC) Core Instrumentation Subsystem (CIS)

19. ABSTRACT (Continued)

Demonstration of the system for combining live and notional battalions for training higher•. level staffs in integrated battlefield (MB) command and control:

Functional requirements analysis for IB command and control simulation Appendix DReport on the demonstration Appendix E

i.t Analysis and design of field simulators for nuclear and chemical warfare:5 Technical and operational impacts of field simulators Appendix FCapability of off-the-shelf paging system to communicate at Ft. Irwin Appendix G* Designs of field simulators Appendix H

Adaptation of nuclear and cnemical software to other Army training models:Feasibility of transferring ARTBASS Code from Perkin-Elmer to VAX Appendix IDivision/Corps training simulation functional analysis Appendix JARTBASS conversion to VAX Appendix' K.Requirements specification for adding nuclear and chemical models

to ARTBASS Appendix L

This research provided the following products:-. Software which models nuclear and chemical environment and effects with appropriate

fidelity and timing for training and which is ready for installation on NTC computers.

i A demonstrated capability for cohobining actions of real battalions with computersimulated notional battalions for training brigade/division commanders and staffs.

An analysis of the impacts of using field simulators at the NTC for nuclear andchemical warfare training, and the designs of the selected simulators (i.e.,commion control system, radiacaeters, dosimeters, dhemical detectors).L

S Analysis of the application of nuclear and chemical models to other Army battaliontraining models; conversion of the ARTBASS model to operate on the VAX 11/780;"incorporation of the nuclear and chemical. models into ARTBASS; and demonstrationof the nuclear and chemical models using ARTBASS.

UNCLASSIFIED

ii J^I CLAINI'CATION OP ?MtO PAGE'

a+..

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR U.S. CUSTOMARY TO METRIC (SI)UNITS OF MEASUREMENT f A

"To Coavert from To IuLtIPLY 11y

angscrom 4mcors (i) 1.000 000 a t -10

atmospere (noermul) Clio pascal (klla) 1.01r 25 X 9 +2

bar kilo poscal (kWs) 1.000 0 0 +Z £ 2""barn eater

2 1.)I00012bintrce W I) 1.000 O00 X t -28 *•"%

Iritlshl thermal unit (thersochemIical) joule (1) 1.04 350 I X t *3

cal (cher.olkhoocal/ca meta jouao/. (4J/r$) 000 1 1 -Z .

calorie (tlaoiIchelical) joule (M) la.10O 000

calorie ( OCher homicsl)/$ joule per kilotrom (J/ib)* 1..166 000 1 [ -3

curle site becquerel (Cbq) 3. 7w 000 1 9 -1

dogree Celsius degree kelvia (K) I* VC * 273. 15

detree (angle) radian (tad) 1.745 3q9 X g -2

degree faremheit degeme kelvt (Ct) *c- *r - 459.67)1

elsectroe volt Joeal* W1 1.4.02 19 1 9 -19

erg joule Q) 1. =0 No I 1 -7

*tg/soc Id aect (W) L.00= 000 I t -7

foot meter (a) 3.044 000 1 I -1

foot-poad-toro~ Joule (J) 1.355 I1I

galo0 (U.S. Liquid) setar ( I( 3.735 412 xI -),inch eater (a) 2.540000 N I -

jrk joule M) [.am 000 x 4.

joule klogram (Jtkn) (radiationdeo" a4borb"d) gray (Cy)o 1.000 000

kilacoos cerajoulse 4.163

kip (1000 lbf) newton (0) 4. 4S 222 1 t1 ,3

klp/L.ac• 2

(kat) kilo pascal (kWs) 6.094 757 1 9 *3

kcp lwo-ooda2(W-4/6 2 1.000 000 1 t 1 *

micros metear () 1.000 000 x t -4

a11 seter (a) 2.5.4, 00N I -S

mlle (international) moter (a) 1.6.0q 34 x 1 .3

ounce kilogram (kg) 2.336 952 X t -2

pound-force (lbf voilrdupoi) meton (04) 4..1 •A .1

poun-forte inch neton-eote( ) 1."e4. s4 X 9 -.

inhnd-foreo/lk nowttonlaecer ('.1/*) 1.751 2.6 1 *2

pound-force/foot2

kilo pascal (kPa) 4.166 024. 1 -

po•nad-force/i•nh2 (pet) kilo p9ical lkft) (,8% 6 ?

poauid-osee (lb. aveirdumpoi) kiloqras (kla) 9.331 xZ( E - .1

Pound-aeie-f*6C (mement of inertta) 4Llolr -ter 1k.'ji .,-'14 )11 1 E -.

)o~d�l/ 3t3

ktloo tem-'o et /. I 6 916 9 1 ""

red (rodtacloo do4e abaorbod gACs (y)* 1t.00 30" 1 -r

roonctgn couloaft/kIlogram (C/kq) ,.ý79 '64 " E

shame 9eCond (a) 1.0m3 000 1 E PkbI kilogram (klg) ý.q I" X E -.

Corr (Im t, a* C) kilo Pascal (0p) %.3)

*•Th. gray (Gy) is the accepted S1 unit equivalent cc the energy imparted

by ionizing radiation to a mass and corresponds to one joule/kiLogram.ý'The becquerel (Bq) is the SI unit of radioactivity; L Bq a 1 event/s. •

. .

TABLE OF CONTETS

Section Pageo

CONVERSION TABLE ...... .............. ... iiiLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . ..... . . viINTRODUCT ION . . . . . . • . ..... o 11.I ~General. . 0 0.mn 0 .. .. .0 1

1.2 Functional Requirements. . ..... 1. 1 '"1.3 Scope,. . . .,... 2

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS. ........... 32.1 NTC-CIS Documentation, .09 9 09 9 32.2 Army Publications. . .......... 3 p2.3 Military Standards .... . .9...... 5

3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . .o . . . 63.1 Detailed Functional Requirements . . . . • 63.2 Computational Component (CC) .. . . . .'. 63.2.1 General Requirements of Nuclear/ChemicalModeling. , .. ,..... 63.2.2 Nuclear Processing .7..M. . .... 63.2.2.1 Nuclear Event Definition .... , . . 73.2.2.2 Player Postures. . ... . . , * . .93.2.o2.3 Nuclear Event Warning Alert. . . 103.2.2.4 Fallout Prediction Processing. * 11i3.2o2.5 Prompt Nuclear Effects Processing. . . 123.2.2.6 Cumulative Radiation Processing... o 133.2.2.7 Nuclear Casualty Assessment

Processing . . . .... . . 143.2.2.7.1 Assessment By Inter;cL;e Menu . . 143.2.2.7.2 Assessment By OC . . . . . o . . .. 143.2.2.7.3 Nuclear Casualty Logging . . . . . . 153.2.2.8 Statistical Dara Processing. . ... . 153.2.2.8.1 Nuclear Event Log. . . . . . .. 9 0 153.2.2.8.2 Nuclear Casualty Log . ... . 153.2.2.8.3 Accumulated Radiation Report . . . 203.2.2.8.4 Radiation Dose Rate Over Time. . . . 203.2.3 Chemical Processing. ...... 203.2.3.1 Chemical Event Definition. 253.2.3.2 Unit Posture .. ...... 273.2o3.3 Chemical Hazard Prediction

Processing . ...... 273.2.3.4 Chemical Effects Processing. ..... 283.2.3.5 Chemical Casualty Assessment

Processing ... ...... 303.2.3.6 Chemical Event Processing . .... 303.2.3.7 Statistical Data Processing ..... 303.2.3.7.1 Chemical Event Log . . . . . . . . . 303.2.3.7.2 Chemical Casualty Log. . . . . 313.2.3.7.3 Chemical Contamination Report . . . 31

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Concluded) .% -* .t

Section Page

3.3 Interactive Display And Control Component. 313.3.1 Tactical Displays. 0 313.3.1.1 Nuclear Prompt Effects Display... .313.3.1.2 Radiation Contours . . * . . . . . . . 40ru3.3.1.3 Fallout Prediction Display . . . . 0 q 403.3.1.4 Chemically Contaminated Areas. . o . . 403.3.1.5 Chemical Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . 40 ""3.3.1.6 Chemical Hazard Prediction Display o . 413.3.1.7 Contaminated Players .. .. .. . 413.3.1.8 Nuclear Casualties . ...... . 413.3.1.9 Control Measures . . . . , . . . . . 423.3.1.10 Master Menu . .. ... .. . . . . 423.3.1.11 Interactive Menus .o. . . . .. . . * 42 ".3.3.2 Alphanumeric Displays.. . . . . . . 44 4-3.3.2.1 Menus . .. . . . . .e . .. . . . . 443.3.2.2 Alerts . . . * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a * a # 443323Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163.3.2.3 Reot.160

3.3.2.4 Graphical Displays ...... .. 161

Attachments , -:

1 Nuclear Algorithms ........... 1632 Chemical Algorithms ... ........ 169 .'3 Abbreviations and Acronyms ....... 181

I ,ii -....

NTif"

: ,, , .. •-k; 0

S3 ý

.. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. '-

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 NUCLEAR EVENT LOG . ......... 162 NUCLEAR CASUALTY LOG. . . . . . . . . .183 ACCUMULATED RADIATION REPORT. . . . . . 214 RADIATION DOSE RATE OVER TIME .. . . 235 CHEMICAL EVEN•T LOG . . . . . . . . 32•:,.

6 CHEMICAL CASUALTY L . . . . .... ... 347 CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION REPORT . . . . . 368 SYMBOLOGY FOR NUCLEAR PROCESSING. . . . 389 SYMBOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING . o • 3910 GRAPHICS TABLET LAYOUT. . . . . . . . .4311 MENU: EXERCISE SEGMENT DEFINTION • • • 4512 MENU: CONTROL MEASURES . . . . 100 113 MENU: PLAYER KILL. . . . . . . . . 0 . 12914 MENU: PLAYER RESURRECT . . . . . .. . . 13015 MENU: NUCLEAh EVENT DEFINITION • • 0 . 13116 MENU- CHEMICAL EVENT DEFINITION . . . 13417 MENU: NUCLEAR MISSION RESULT . . . . . 15418 MENU: CHEMICAL MISSION RESULT . ... 15519 MENU: DECONTAMINAT3ON . .. . . * 15620 MENU: PLAYER/UNIT POSTURE._.. .... 15721 MENU: CHEMICAL ALARM ASSIGNMENT. . . . 15922 PROMPT EFFECTS ALGORITHMS . . . . . . . 16423 CASUALTY COMPUTATION ALGORITHMS .... 16524 PLAYER PROTECTION FACTORS . . . . . . . 16625 VALUES USED FOR CALCULATING PROBABILITY

OF CASUALTY* s 9 o. . . . . . .o 16726 HAZARD PREDICTION ALGORITHM ..... 17027 NONPERSISTE24T CLOUD ALGORITHMS . .. 17128 PERSISTENT CLOUD ALGORITHMS . . . . . . 17329 PERSISTENT GROUND CONTAMINATION . . . - 17430 CASUALTY COMPUTATION ALGORITHMS . . .. 178

vi

.,5

- .~c.:............***.* ***-*,*

SECTION 1INTRODUCT ION

1.1 General

The use or threatened use of chemical and tacticalnuclear weapons will profoundly impact modern tacticalwarfare. U.S. forces must be able to conduct successfuloperations in widely varying situations, includingoperations in which nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) *. *.;,

weapons may be employed. The nuclear and chemicalcapabilities being designed for the Core InstrumentationSubsystem (CIS) could be used to train the battalion taskforce to operate effectively in such environments and toprovide further awareness of the new and demandingrequirements on doctrine and tactics, force dispersion, . *,

planning and readiness preparation which result from warfarein a nuclear and/or chemical environment.

The NBC capability shall be designed to maintain theinterchangeability characteristic which has always been animportant asset of the NTC CIS. All display and control ofNBC exercises shall be available at any one of the CISstations which are used to control the Engagement Simulation(ES) exercises.

1.2 Punctional Requirements

The primary functional requirements include:

"* Prepare for OPPOR nuclear attack

"* Prepare for BLUEFOR nuclear strike

"* Prepare for chemical agent attack

"* Plan and conduct retaliatory chemical operations

* Prepare for operations in a nuclear or chemicalenvironment

"* React to initial nuclear effects

"* React to delayed nuclear effects

"* React to persistent toxic chemical agent attack

"* React to nonpersistent chemical agent attack

"* Employ chemical agent alarms in static and mobilesituations

- .. / ... *.....,

.* Cross or operate in a contaminated area

"e Conduct radiological reconnaissance

0 Perform partial decontamination without assistancefrom the NBC defense unit

* Perform partial decontamination with assistancefrom the NBC defense unit

* Coordinate for complete decontamination ofpersonnel and equipment

1.3 Scope

This document assumes that the requiremente specifiedin the Core Instrumentation Subsystem Requirements DesignSpecification (RDS) (NTC-1221-18)•dated 24 May 1982 withLive Fire Supplement dated 1 December 1982 would beeffective in the operational system used when implementingthe requirements specified for nuclear/chemical processing.All basic requirements of the current 500 Player System withLive Fire enhancements, which accommodates a total of 400players and 75 units per history (with a total of 1023 ."players across all histories) will be maintained in the 500player system which incorporates NBC capabilities. -..

All subsystem interfaces as described in the 500 PlayerRDS and Live Fire Supplement will remain the same unlessexplicitly designated as changed in this document. Allbasic display features (e.g., background map features) willnot change unless this eicument specifically states thatthey are changed and describes the chanqe. The followingparagraphs describe in detail those deviitions from, andadditions to, the requirements presented in the 500 Player ". -RDS and Live Fire Supplement which are necessary toaccommodate the unique conditions and requirements of NBCprocessing.

4".

2

SECTION 2APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 NTC-CIS Documentation

1. Final. Prime Item Development Specificaticn for theNational Training Center, Core Instrumentation ". -Subsystem, NTC-1221-25, 16 Aug 82.

2. Requirements Design Specification for the NTC CoreInstrumentation Subsystem (500 Player System) ,Volume 1, NTC-1221-18, 24 May 1982.

3. Requirements Design Specification for the NTC CoreInstrumentation Subsystem (500 Player System),Supplement, Integration of the Live Fire ExerciseArea, NTC-1221-29, 1 Dec 1982.

4. Field Observer - Controllers Handbook, 1 July 1981.

2.2 Army Publications ',.0

1. Chemical Reference Handbook, FM 3-8. --

2. Employment of Chemical Agents (NWIP 36-2, AFM355-4, FMFM 11-3), FM 3-10 series.

3. Operational Aspects of Radiological Defense (FMFMP

11-5), FM 3-12,

4. Fallout Prediction, FM 3-22.

5. Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC)Reconnaissance and Contamination Operations, FM3-87.

6. The Infantry Battalion (Infantry, Airmobile, AirAssault, Ranger), FM 7-20.

7. Combat Communication within the Division (How toFight), FM 11-50,

8. Military Symbols, FM 21-30.

9. NBC (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical) Defense, FM21-40. N"

10. Combat Communications (How to Fight), FM 24-1.

11. The Tank and Mechanized Infantry Company Team, FM

12. The Tank and Mechanized Infantry Battalion TaskForce, FM 71-2.

3

13. OperatiorPs (How to Fight), FM 100-5.

1"4. Operational Terms and Graphics, FM 100-5-1.

15. Staff Officers' Field Manual: Nuclear WeaponsEmployment Doctrine and Procedures (FMFM 11-4), FM .*.101-31-1.*

16. Staff Officers' Field Manual: Nuclear WeaponsEmployment Effects Data (U) (FMFM 11-4A), FM101-31-2.

17. Staff Off icers' Field Manual: Nuclear WeaponsEmployment Effects Data (FMFM 11-4B), FM 101-31-3.

18. Chemical, Biological, and Radiological, (CBR)Decontamination, TM 3-220.

19. Operator's, Organizational, Maintenance Manual(Including Repair Parts and Special Tools LMst):Decontaminating Ap:;aratus, Portable, DS2 1 1/2Quart, ABC-MII (NSN 4230-00-720-1618), TM3-423 0-20 4-12P.

20. Operator's and organizational maintenance Manual:Alarm Chemical Agent, Automatic, Portable, Manpack,M8; Portable, Fixed Emplacement, M1O; Portable,for Truck, 3/4-ton, M12; Portable, for Truck 21/2-ton, M13; Portable, for Full-Tracked Armored

Personnel Carriers and Recovery Vehicles, M14;Portable, for Carrier, Command and ReconnaissanceArmored, M15; Portable, with Power Supply forTruck, Utility, 1/4-ton, M16; and Portable, withPower Supply for Truck, 2 1/2-ton, M18, TM3-6665-225-12.

2i. Operator's, Organization, DS, GS, and DopotMaintenance Manual, Including Repair Parts andSpecial Tools Lists: Radiac Sets, AN/PDR-27J,AN/PDR-27L, and AN/PDR-27Q, TM 11-6665-209-15. Di.,

22. Operator's Manual: Radiacmeters, IM-9E/PD,IM-93/UD, IM-93A/UD, and IM-147/PD, TM11-6665-214-10 .

23. Marking of Contaminated cr Dangerous Land Areas,STANAG 2002.

24. Reporting Nuclear Detonation, Radioactive Fallout,and Biological and Chemical Attacks, STANAG 2103.

25. Radiologica'. Survey, STANAG 2112.

4....

26. Dictionary of United States Army Terms, AR 310-25,

27. Authorized Abbreviations and Brevity Codes, AR310-50.

28. Mechanized infantry/Tank Task Force, ARTEP 71-2.

29. How to Use the Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm, TC3-3.

2.3 Military Standards

1.MIL-M-38784, General Requiremients for Preparationof Technical Manuals.

2*MIL-STfl-490, Specification Practices.

5

SECTION 3SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Detailed Functional Requirements

3.2 Computational Component (CC)

The Computational Component (CC) shall perform allprocessing necessary to support simulated nuclear and

* chemical exercises by the Exercise Monitoring and Control(EMC) and Training Analysis and Feedback (TAF) functions.Separate nuclear and chemical models shall be used to

. provide environmental data to the CIS and both models shallbe integrated as part of the CC.

3.2.1 General Requirements of Nuclear/Chemical Modeling -• For both nuclear and chemical processing, a player shall

remain as currently defined (i.e., "playede) in the CISsoftware. That is, a player shall represent an instrumentedor uiinstrumented vehicle, weapon system or manpackparticipating in the exercise. Accumulated radiationstatistics shall be maintained by the CC for each of the

". individual players (i.e., vehicle, weapon system or manpack)identified in the system data base as exercise participants."Chemical contamination statistics shall be maintained by thaCC for each of the units identified in thb system data baseas exercise participants. Casualties involving personnelnot identified in the system data base can be manuallyassessed and input to the system as log entries. In this

- manner, all field exercise participants may be included innuclear and chemical effects assesas-nts.

During an exercise segment in which a nuclear orchemical event occurs, the troops must continue tacticaloperations in addition to reacting to the nuclear/chemicalenvironment. Thex efore, all capabilities detailed in theCIS Requirements Design Specification (RDS) for the 500"Player System and Live Fire Supplement shall remain part ofthe NBC segment in addition to the nuclear and chemicalrequirements detailed in this supplement.

The CC NBC models shall not contain any classifiedinformation. Initially, all computations shall be performedin real time, but the system shall be designed such thatmodel results may be calculated off-line and provided to theCC in an unclassified lookup table format.

All data provided by the nuclear and chemical modelsshall be historical and available for replay in Historianmode operations. The CC shall have the ability to carry thenuclear &nd chemical environmental and casualty effectsacross segment boundaries. The operator shall specifywhether or not nuclear and/or chemical processing shall beenabled for an exercise segment via the Exercise Segment

6

__ -l r. . rjjIII ~ .d - r.. -| ! . . . ...... - . ..-

, Lefinition interactive menu. If nuclear and/or chemicalprocessing is enabled, the operator may, through theExercise Segment Definition interactive menu, elect to

. accumulate radiation contamination dose rates and chemical"contamination levels for players and units across segmentboundaries. Null segments that occur between nuclear and/orchemical segments may be assigned a time interval in which

. radiation and chemical contamination shall be accumulated.In the event of multiple nuclear bursts, radiation shall beaccumulated for all events or stopped for all events.

* Chemical processing shall be handled in the same manner.Nuclear and/or chemical processing shall continue through aLive Fire segment exactly as for any other real segment.The Nuclear and Chemical Event Definition menus shall beavailablb at any time in a history.

If a segment is not defined as a nuclear and/orchemical segment, the NBC Alert category buttons and the"buttons provided to control the nuclear and chemical

* displays (e.g., radiation contours, contaminated players,contaminated areas) shall be disabled. All nuclear menusshall be disabled during non-nuclear segments except for theNuclear Event Defintion interactive menu. In a non-chemicalsegment, all chemical menus, except for, the Chemical Event"Definition interactive menu, shall be disabled. In

* addition, in non-nuclear or non-chemical exercise segments• the nuclear and chemical models shall not be called.

* 3.2.2 Nuclear Processing - The nuclear model shall be"capable of calculating fallout prediction and environmentaleffects and providing casualty recommendations for bothprompt and delayed nuclear effects. The model shallcalculate prompt nuclear effects for EMP, radiation dose,shock wave and thermal intensities, all as a function ofdistance from ground zero. The model shall also be capableof calculating and storing radiation rates as a function oftime, location and oosture; cortamination as a function ofplayer, posture and timel and dose as a function of player,posture and time. For a complete definition of thealgorithms used by the nuclear model, see Appendix A -Nuclear Algorithms.

. 3.2.2.1 Nuclear Event Definition - The system shall. accommodate up to ten nuclear events in any one history,* three of which may produce fallout. A maximum number of

three surface bursts (i.e., fallout producing events) shallbe accommodated; additional ground bursts shall be executed

* as air bursts and shall be logged as such. No shockenhancement effects shall be calculated for simultaneousbursts, and only instantaneous shock propagation and thermalcasualty effects shall be considered.

Each nuclear mission shall be uniquely identifed byyield, ground zero and time of burst which shall be operatorinput buffered to the CC by the IDCC.

7

The nuclear model shall provide for the followingweapon yields, as both air and surface burstas4

* 0.2 KT

'• •. 2KT-

o 3 KT

,."~ • KT

o 8 KT

o 10 XT

o 20 KT

o 50 KT

o 100 KT

The operator shall provide the following information(via the Nuclear Event Definition interactive menu) before anuclear event is processed by the model:

a Yield,

o Ground Zero,

"o Time of Burst,

o Type of Burst (i.e., surface or air),

"o Weather, including

- Wind speed and direction,

- Visibility,. and

* Downwind Distance of Zone 1.

The CIS operator shall provide certain basic weatherinformation including visibility, effective wind speed anddirection when the nuclear event is defined. The nuclearmodel shall automatically calculate upper atmospheric windpatterns which shall be used to calculate fallout effects.A wind shear factor shall be automatically set to 30degrees. Weather shall remain constant for each event andshall not be affected by the weather defined for othernuclear events.

o.8

:• 8

The Nuclear Event Definition interactive menu shallalways be available to provide theý operator with thecapability to define, edit or cancel events in any segment,real or null. The operator shall I be provided with thecapability of editing event definition Idata or cancellingthe nuclear event up to two minutes prior to the occurrenceof the nuclear event. The Nuclear Event Cancellation alertshall be provided and the Nuclear Event Log status shall berecorded as cancelled if a mission is cancelled. A FalloutPrediction display shall be generated for each nuclear eventand shall be updated if changes are ma&2 to the event.

" 3.2.2.2 Player Postures - The nuclear model shall require*' that players be assigned postures to beý used for calculating

the radiation dose rate due to initial effects and delayedradiation. The nuclear model shall accommodate thefollowing player postures:

* In the open,

* In an Armored Personnel Carrier (APC),

. In a tank,

* In a wheeled vehicle

* In a foxhole, and

9 In an earth shelter.

Each player type shall be assigned a default posture,

* as defined below:

* Tank - In a tank

* APC - In an APC

"* BMP - In an APC

* BRIX - In an APC

. ZSU - In an APC

* Howitzer - In an APC

• Manpack - In a wheeled vehicle

* Manpad - In the open

e Vulcan - In an APC

9 Radar - In a wheeled vehicle

9

S4-- -. , ..-. -s - s-S. r • , * •r *.w. r.•. -u • ".•.~•'J. r .-- rn p• -a .... .--'". "4-q - ' f "l-fl 'I4 " ,*f a- -'p~l r , =Y1•;J 7'''m r.-m••

o-.

J mmer In a wheeled vehicle

" Collector - in a wheeled vehicle

e Truck - In a wheeled vehicle

0 DIVAD - In an APC

* ADA - In an APC

* SA9 -In an APC

* Mortar - In an APC

* 1750 SP Gun - In a wheeled vehicle

* Attack Helicopter - In the open

e• Utility Helicopter - In the open

* Observation Helicopter - In, the open

* Fighter - In the openS.

a-" 0 Bomber In the open

0 Fighter/Bomber - In the open

, Reconnaissance - In the open

The operator shall be able to change the defaultposture for a particular player or unit via the Player/UnitPosture interactive menu. If a posture is changed from thedefault, the state entered by the operator shall be theposture used by the model in calculating radiation doserate. The operator shall be able to change a player'sposture at any time throughout the exercise segment. Unitposture selection shall change. the posture of each player inthe unit.

The default posture for air players shall be in the"open pending future enhancements.

3.2.2.3 Nuclear Event Warning Alert - The Nuclear EventWarning alert shall be provided thirty minutes and fiveminutes prior to a scheduled nuclear event. The alert shallinclude the following information, all of which is providedthrough the Nuclear Event Definition interactive menu:

* Scheduled Time of Burst,

74 * Yield,

10

I* Type of Burst (i.e., ground or air), and

* Ground Zero.

3.2.2.4'Pallout Prediction Processing - Upon definition ofa nuclear event, the nuclear model shall calculate theparameters needed by the IDCC to provide a FalloutPrediction display. In the event of changes or deletions tothe mission, the model shall recalculate the parameters.The model shall utilize the following information providedby the Nuclear Event Definition interactive menu:

* Ground Zero,.4

* Time of Burst,

0 Wind Speed,,

* Wind Direction, and

o. Downwind Distance of Zone 1.

In addition, the model shall determine the cloudradius, based upon yield, as follows:

CLOUDYIELD RADIUS

.2 KT 0.46 KM1 KT 0.9 KM2 KT 1.2 KM3 KT 1.6 KM5 KT 1.9 KM"8 KT 2.3 KMi0 KT 2.6 KM

20 KT 3.5 KM50 KT 5.1 KM

"i00 KT 6.7 KM

The downwind distance of zone 2 shall be calculated bydoubling the value entered for the downwind distance of zone1. Tangents shall be specified at ýO degree angles from"each ,_pind Arddius point. The time of arrival arcs shall becalculated based upon distance from ground zero andeffective wind speed.

The model shall provide the IDCC with the following

parameters for construction of the Fallout. Prediction• .display:

* Ground zer%,

[11

"-' I-- - - - ---. - ----- - - -

III

* Downwind direction,

"e0 Boundary points of the upwind arc for zone 1,t

* Boundary points of the downwind arc for zone 2,

* Boundary points of the downwind arc for zone 2, and

o Boundary points for the time of arrival arcs for 1,2, and 3 hours from the time of the blast.

3.2.2.5 Prompt Nuclear Effects Processing - The nuclearmodel shall calculate the followingprompt nuclear effectsas a function of distance from ground zero:

# Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) volts/meter,

o Immediate nuclear radiation doses (combined gammaand neutron) in rads,

* Shock wave/blast peak overpresuse (psi) andoverpressure impulse (psi-second),

a Peak dynamic pressure (psi) and dynamic impulse(psi-second), and

, Thermal/optical radiation intensities (calories/sq

Weather and terrain shall not b'i considered forcalculation of effects for EMP, nuclear radiation, or blast.Visibility shall be the only weather effect included in thecalculation of thermal radiation effects. This informationshall not be displayed, but shall be used to identifyrecommended casualties due to prompt effects and forcalculation of the lethal radii use!d for the Prompt Effectsdisplay. The Prompt Effects display shall show ground zero,height of burst, yield and the maxAmum lethal radii for each -I

of the following target types: tanks, APCs and troops inthe open. All player types other than tanks or APCs shallbe defined as troops in the open.

The CC shall generate a casualty recommendation alertwhich shall recommend the casualties in each posturecategory which should occur based upon a unit's proximity toground zero. The alert shall be generated for each leafunit which incurred casualties from prompt effects. Leafunits shall be those units identified in the system database which are the lowest units of the command link, given

Soperator defined unit organization (e.g., platoons orartillery batteries).

12

S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~............................. °• . .°..°_....••-•o-•°•..........-..*. . • -•--

The Prompt Nuclear Effects Casualty Recommendationalert, shall include the percentage of personnel notaccounted for in the system data base (i.e., not identifiedas individual players) to be assessed as casualties in ZPaccordance with each posture category. A list of up to tenplayers actually identified in the system data base to be .O

assessed as casualties shall also be included. The alert

shall also provide the percentage of equipment which shouldbe disabled for various equipment postures (e.g., in use,off, antenna disconnected, and shielded/packed). .

3.2.2.6 Cumulative Radiation Processing - The playerlocation information maintained by the CC shall be used incalculating the accumulated radiation dose of individualplayers. Cumulative radiation doses shall be maintained foreach instrumented and uninstrumented player defined in thesystem data base.

An option shall be provided for accumulation of thedose rates of radiation for players and units across segmentboundaries. A capability shall be provided so that when anull segment occurs between NBC real segments, an effectivetime interval for the null segment may be specified at thestart of the real segment. Radiation rates and accumulateddoses shall be adjusted to include the time interval, andcasualty recommendations shall be issued. Players shall notbe tracked in the null segment for purposes of accumulatingradiation; their position at the opening of the realsegment shall be used for calculating accumulated dosesduring the null interval time.

The accumulated doses shall be calculated based uponthe player's assigned posture, position/location (PL) data,contamination level, and radiation contours. The rate ofradiation contamination shall be a function of the player'sposture.

Accumulated radiation dose statistics shall also bekept for each leaf unit. Cumulative radiation dose levelsshall be calculated for units based upon the unit's centerof mass. For no-player. units (i.e., those units identifiedin the system data base with no associated players), PL datawhich is entered by the operator through the existingPlayer/Unit Location interactive menu shall be used tocalculate the unit's accumulated radiation dose level.

For nuclear processing, a player shall be considered tobe contaminated whenever his r&diation dose rate is higherthan the dose rate that results from his surroundings and isgreater than 1 rad per hour. If a player has beendecontaminated, as specified by the operator via theDecontamination interactive menu, the model shall accumulateradiation at a slower rate than if a player is notdecontaminated. The radiation dose of the player shall notbe reduced as a result of decontamination.

13

/"

U

When a unlit receives a 10% casualty recommendation forany postureI category, the Cumulative Nuclear EffectsCasualty Recommendation alert shall be displayed. Thisalert recommends the percentage (to the nearest 10%) ofpersonnel in. each posture who should be killed. Up to tenindividual player kill recommendations (by bumper number)shall also be provided based upon stored player postures anda random draw. The Cumulative Nuclear Effects CasualtyRecommendation alert shall be redisplayed whenever thecasualty estimate of the unit increases by 20%. The alertshall indicate both the previous casualty recommendationpercentages (Tfor exercise participants) and the currentrecommendations.

The model shall maintain the radiation level of akilled playerý. If that player is later resurrected via thePlayer Resurrect interactive menu, the radiation statisticsfor the player are cleared for resupply and maintained foraccidental kill.

3.2.2.7 Nuclear Casualty Assessment Processing - Uponreceipt of casualty recommendations due to either prompt ordelayed auclear effects, the CIS operator shall be providedwith the capability of having the casualties assessed in oneof two ways: through an interactive menu at the CIS orthrough controller gun kill. If desired, a mixture of thetwo approachesi shall also be available. Each basic approachis discussed below.

3.2.2.7.1 Assessment by Interactive Menu - The CS operatorshall have I the capability of using the Player Killinteractive menu to kill any instrumented or uninstrumentedplayers recommended as casualties. The Player Killinteractive menu shall be updated to specify a nuclear kill.The kill message shall then be sent to the appropriateplayers via the RDIS and an acknowledgement message shall bereceived. A button on the Master Menu shall control thedisplay of players who were killed as a result of thenuclear event.' U

The OC will be responsible for assessing casualties forthose personnel who are participating in the exercise butwho are not ý def ined in the system data base. Theseparticipants shall be marked as casualties in the fieldusing the samel procedure as is used for other types ofcasualties.

3.2.2.7.2 Assessment by OC - with this method, the OC shallassess all nuclear casualties for instrumented anduninstrumented players and for participants not desined inthe exercise data base. The CIS operator shall beresponsible for providing the casualty recommendations tothe OC. The OC will use his controller gun to assesscasualties for instrumented players. Controller gun killsshall be reported to the CC via the RDMS. Uninstrumented

14.. . .

players and exercise participants not Jefined in the syrtemdata .base shall be tagged by the OC as killed in the samemanner currently used for other types of kills. WK

3.2.2.7.3 Nuclear Casualty Logging - The OC shall beresponsible for reporting which casualties were assessed dueto nuclear effects for a particular unit. The as operator ,will enter the total number of personnel involved in theexercise but not defined in the CIS data base who wereassessed as casualties due to nuclear effects for each J •posture category using the Nuclear Mission Resultinteractive menu. In addition, the CC shall provide theoperator with a list of all OC kills so that these kills canbe attributed to nuclear effects. A list of all nuclearkills assessed through the Player Kill interactive menu(Figure 13) shall also be provided in order to log thenuclear kill for each unit.

3.2.2.8 Statistical Data Processing

3.2.2.8.1 Nuclear Event Log - The Nuclear Event Log sarallrecord time of burst, weapon yield, ground zero, and type, ofburst for each nuclear event. Status of nuclear eventsshall also be listed in the event log as cancelled,executed, or not executed. Nuclear events which are notexecuted represent; for example, events that are scheduledto occur in a null or nonnuclear segment. If more thanthree fallout producing events are defined in a history, theadditional bursts shall be ozecuted and logged as airbursts.

The format of the Nuclear Event Log is shown inFigure 1.

3.2.2.8.2 Nuclear Casualty Log - The Nuclear Casualty Logshall record !ills caused by nuclear effects. The datashall be made available to the CC via the Nuclear MissionResult interactive menu.

The Nuclear Casualty Log shall be provided for aparticular point in time by unit and shall contain, as aminimum, the following information:

"• For players defined in the system data base, a listof killed players by player ID.

"• For all other personnel involved in the exercise,the number killed in each posture category.

The format of tne Nuclear Casualty Log is shown. inFigure 2.

15

. .--. . -.-. . -.. .,. . ..-.. •. • .- ., ,°.o' ....- - .°......°,•-.. .. ' . ,.. ''.-.,-,-.

P.-N .k.

3 4 68

00. 0 0 0 0 0 0-- -- -------

NUCLEAR EVENT LOG DDM YH.M

TIME PORCE TYPE GRND ZERO YIELD STATU~SDD MOM KxxxI XXXXXXX XXX xxxIx2UCXXX NN?4 XXXXXXXXXXXX

Figure 1. Nuclear event log.

16

TATLEs Nuclear Event Loq

DISPLAY TYPE Tabular

Column Heading Description

TIME Scheduled time of burst for nuclear .- :event as defined by the operator via ,--..an interactive menu.

FORCE Name of force initiati±ng the nuclearevent as defined by the operator viaan interactive menu.

TYPE Type of nuclear burst Ci.o., groundor air) as defined by the operatorvia an interactive menu.

GROUND ZERO Location of target, in UTH coodi-n-ates, for the nuclear event as def in-.d by the operator via an interactivemenu.

YIELD Weapon yield, in KT, as af ined by theoperator via an interactive menu.

STATUS The status. of the nuclear" event.(i.e., cancelled, executed, and notexecuted) . Not executed nuclearevents shall be, for example, eventsscheduled to occur in a null or non- """nuclear segment. -.

DISPLAY CRITERIA: W

TIME All data on nuclear events shall bedisplayed for the entire history fromthe beqinning of the history to the %exercise time as displayed on theTactical Display at the time of thedisplay request.

Figure 1. Nuclear event log (Concluded).

17

. .'.. ... .. . . . . .. ....... . .... . .". .. ... . . . . .. . .

1 2 3 4S67810 .0 0 0 0 0 0

NUICLEAR CASUALTY L4G -//-2 fUMU -------- -------

KILLED PLAYERS

PLAYER ID PLAYER 11) PLAYER ID PLAYER ID - .. '~

OTHER PERSCNNEL

OPEN NNNN .A-2C NNNN

TANK NNNNWHL VES NNNNFOXHOLE NNNN.SHELTER NNNN

. . . . . . . . .

TITLZ: Nuclear Casualty Log

DISPLAY TTPE 2x Tabul.-"

COTENTsT


KILLED PLAYERS For players defined in the systemdata base, a list of up to ton killedplayers for the named unit by player.IM.

OTHER PERSONNEL For all other personnel involved inthe exercise, the number killed forthe named unit. in each posture crte-"._-.gory. .....

DISPLAY CRITERIAs

TIME All data on nuclear casualties shallbe displayed for the entire historyfrom the beginning of the history to"the exerziss time as displayed on theTactiý!Al Display at the time of thedisplay req%-st or for an operatordefined time interval.

UNIT The operator specifies a leaf unitfor which nuclear casualty data isdesired.

Figure 2. Nuclear casualty log (Corcluded).

19...........................-. *. ~ .. .. .. .. ,

. . . . . . . . . . * .- *.._....o.. . . .

...- .. ,.-. . . . . . . . . . . ... .. ... ...-. . . ...-.- -.- , .- , .-..-. ,,..' . -. ,., .. • -,........ , . ,.....-'.',- .. .. •,,..

a.m

3.2.2.8.3 Accumulated Radiation Report - The AccumulatedRadiation Report shall indicate the accumulated radiationstatus of a specified leaf unit based upon the unit's center

of mass. The report shall be for a specific exercisesegment; however, the information contained in the display

* shall represent radiation accumulation across segmentboundaries. The report shall include the followinginformation for each posture category:

o Average radiation rate of the external environment,

o Average radiation rate personnel are exposed basedon posture category,

o Average accumulated radiation dose,

o Ultimate percent of casualties expected to occur at"the estimated time of late disability,

o Estimated time to possible disability based on theradiation dose and contamination level for theunit, and

• Estimated time to certain disability based on theradiation dose and contamiration level for theunit.

The format of the Accumulated Radiation Report is shownin Figure 3.

3.2.2.8.4 Radiation Dose Rate Over Time - The RadiationDose Rate Over Time graphical display shall indicate theaverage radiation dose rate of a selected leaf unit for eachposture category in the range of 0 to 500 rads and in therange of 500 to 1000 rads. These displays may be requestedfor the last 24 time periods (two hours) or for in operatordefined time period. (NOTE: if the operator enters a timerange greater than two hours, the 24 time periods precedingthe ending time shall be displayed.) The unit's dose rateshall be based upon the center of mass of the unit.

The basic format of the Radiation Dose Rate Over Timegraphical display is shown in Figure 4.

3.2.3 Chemical Processing - The chemical model shall becapable of calculating and storing chemical environmentalcontamination as a function of chemical agent, time,delivery method, and weather. A Chemical Hazard Predictiondisplay shall be provided. Contamination shall be afunction of posture, protection status, time, and location.Only two categories of contamination (i.e., contaminated oruncontaminated) shall exist. The model shall be c.pable ofproviding casualty recommendations by leaf units.

"20

1 2 3 4 5 6 810 0 0 0 0 0 0

ACCUMULATED RADIATION REPORT 1/A/2-123 DO mmj YY HH:M

EXT',RNAL INTERNAL EST TIME EST TIMERAD RATE RAD RATE RADIATION ULTIMATE TO EARLY TO LATE

POSTURE (RAD/HR) (RAD/HR) DOSE (RAD) CASUALTIES DISABILITY DISABILITY

OPEN NNNN NNNN NNNN NNNN NNNN NNNNAPCTANKWHL VESFOXHOLESHELTER

.-

";.5

Figure 3. Accumulated radiation report.

21

TITLEs Accumulated Radiation Report

DISPLAY TYPE: Tabular

cCONTENT:

Colum Heading Description

POSTURE List of posture c&tegories for thenamed unit, as indicated on thepreceding page.

EXTERNAL RADIATION For each posture category of theRATE named unit. the average radiation

rate (rads/hr) of the external en-vironment.

INTERNAL RADIATION For each posture category of theRATE named unit, the average radiation

rate (rads/hr)" personnel are actu-ally exposed to given the protectionfactor of the posture category.

RADIATION DOSE For each posture category of thenamed unit, the average accumulatedradiation dose.

ULTIMATE Fot each posture category of theCASUALTIES named unit, the ultimate percent of

casualtigs expected to occur at theestimated time to late disability.

, ESTIMATED TIME TO For each posture category of theEARLY DISABILITY named unit, the estimated time to

possible disability bpd!--A on the"radiation dose and contaminationlevel for the unit (in hours).

ESTIMATED TIME TO For each posture category of theLATE DISABILITY named unit, the estimated time to

certain disability based on theradiation dose and contaminationlevel for the unit (in hours).

DISPLAY CRITERIAt

TIME The display shall contain all datafor the entire history from thebeginning of the history to theexercise time as displayed on theTactical Display at the time of thedisplay request.

"UNIT The display shall represent data forany operator selected leaf unit.

Figure 3. Accumulated radiation report (Concluded).

22

"e4

fe4

en4

04

oM r

wiu"4v

23

TITLE: Radiation Dose Rate Over Time

DISPLAY TTPE -Graph

MONTZNTN:

Colum Heading Description

RADS PSA ROUT The unit's average radiation dose ratebased on the unit's center of mass.

DISPLAY CRITERIAt

TIME The gzaph shall contain data fao thelast 24 tim periods (2 hours) from•. the tim of the display rdquest, otfor an opera'zor defined time interval.

NOTE: If the operator enters a timerange greater than two bours, the 24time periods preceding the ending timeshall be displayed.

RANGE The operator shall speci the range.(frox, 0to 500 cad*at froe 500 to

S1000 .ads) fat which data, shall beprovided.

The display shall include all datafor an operator specified leaf unit.

POSTURE The display shall include all dataf or a posture category selected bythe operator.

L.

5.4.

Figure 4. Radiation dose rate over time.(Concluded).

24

3.2.3.1 Chemical Event Definition - The system shallaccommodate a total of 20 active chemical events in any onehistory; each defined event (with single or multipledeliveries) shall be handled as a single event with a singlearea of contamination being created. Once the chemicaleffects from an event dissipate, that event shall beautomatically deleted and another event can be defined inits place. An event can be defined in a segment other thanthe one in which it will occur.

A chemical mission sh2ll be identified by time, center *1

of impact area, delivery method, and chemical agent.

The operator must enter the following information (viathe Chemical Event Definition interactive menu) to define achemical event s

* Delivery Method (i.e., artillery, rocket, airspray, or air bomb),

* Type of Attack (i.e., casualty, obstacle, or iharassment),

* Center of Impact Area,

* Type of Chemical Agent,

e Amount of Chemical Agent,

* Weather, including

* - Wind speed and direction,

- Temperature,

- Temperature gradient,

- Precipitation (if any), and

* Time of Event.

FMr each type of delivery (i.e., i.e., artillery,rocket, air bomb, and air spray) the operator shall select a"type of attack (i.e., casualty, obstacle, or harassment) and

Senter the UTM coordinates of the center of the impact area.Operator selection of a type of attack (i.e., casualty,

* obstacle, or harassment) shall determine the concentration"level and radius of the chemical cloud at the time of

* delivery as recommended by the chemical model, (in accordancewith weapon type, agent type, etc.). In general, thedispersement of the agent in the area of coverage (i.e., theradius and concentration level of the chemical cloud) asdetermined by type of attack shall be as follows:

25

0 Casualty Attack - high concentration level, smallradius

* Obstacle Attack - medium concentration level,,medium radius

* Harassment Attack - low concentration level, largeradius

For a complete definition of the algorithms used by thechemical model see Appendix B - Chemical Algorithms.

For chemical agents delivered by means of artillery orrocket, the target list used by the indirect fire functionof the 500 player CIS system shall be used in definingchemical event targets. Therefore, any now targets orgroups of targets which are entered via the Chemical EventDefinition interactive menu shall be added to the indirectfire target list and all previously defined targets in thislist shall be available as chemical targets.'

A cingle defined chemical event shall utilize eitherpersistent or nonpersistent nerve agents, persistent blisteragents (e.q., soman, mustard), or nonpersistent blood agents(e.g., hydrogen cyanide). A combination of agent typesshall be available by defining separate chemical events.Agent type shall be operator entered via the Chemical EventDefinition interactive menu in accordance with method ofattack, delivery method, and weapon.

T71e amount of chemical agent to be delivered shall beoperator entered via the Chemical Event Definitioninteractive menu. The operator ahall enter the number ofrounds for artillery, rockets for rocket delivery, bombs forair bombs delivery, and spcay tanks in a sortie for deliveryby air spray.

The CIS operator shall also provide certain basicweather information (i.e., wind speed and direction,temperature, temperature gradient, and amount of Uprecipitation) when defining the chemical event. Thechemical model shall automatically calculate any windpatterns which affect the movement of the chemicallycontaminated area.

The CIS operators shall be provided with a warningmessage thirty minutes and five minuvtes prior to a scheduledchemical event. As a minimum, the "ert shall include thefollowing information, all of which is provided through theChemical Event Definition interactive menu:

• Scheduled Time of Event,

26

. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . ..

"* Delivery Method (i.e., artillery, rocket, air bombor air spray),

"* Center of Impact Area, and

"* Type of Chemical Agent.

The Chemical Event Definition interactive menu shallalways be available to provide the operator with thecapability to define, edit, or cancel events in any segment,real or null. The operator shall be provided with thecapability of editing chemical event definition data orcancelling the chemical event up to 60 seconds prior to theoccurrence of the event. The Chemical Event Cancellationalert shall be provided and the Chemical Event Log status '_shall be r.ecorded as cancelled if a mission is cancelled. ADownwind Hazard Prediction display shall be generated foreach chemical event and shall be updated if changes are madeto the event. '"'"

3.2.3.2 Unit Posture - The chemical model shall providecasualty recommendations based on posture and MissionOriented Protective Posture (MOP?) levels. The posturecategories considered by the model shall include in theopen, protected, and covered. MOPPs considered by the modelshall iniclude:

4, MOPP 0 (unprotected),

"* MOPP 1 (overgarment worn open or closed;overboots, mask/hood and gloves carried),

"* MOPP 2 (overgarment worn open or closed, overbootsworn; hood and gloves carried),

"* NOPP 3 (overgarment worn open or closed, overbootsworn, hood wo:n open, and gloves carried),

",.i

"* MOPP 4 (all protective gear worn closed), and

"* MOPP 5 (mask/hood worn open or closed).

When calculating contamination recommendations forpersonnel in MOPPs 1, 2, 3, and 5, the chemical model shallconsider 50% of the garments warn to be closed and 50% to beopen. Casualty alerts shall provide recommendations foreach posture/MOPP category. The field controllers willutilize the recommendations in the assessment of casualties.

3.2.3.3 Chemical Hazard Prediction Processing - Upondefinition of a chemical event, the chemical model shallcalculate the parameters needed by the IDCC to provide aChemical Hazard Prediction display. The model shall utilize

27

Iithe following information provided by the Chemical EventDefinition interactive menu:

* Type of Chemical Agent,

* Amount of Chemical Agent,

* Center of Impact Area,

. Weather, including Pq

i. Wind Direction,

2. Wind Speed, and

3. Stability.

The model shall provide data for a hazard area arc, two30 degree tangents and the maximum downwind distance.

The model shall provide the IDCC with the following

parameters:

* Downwind direction,

* Center of Impact area,

* Boundary point of the upwind arc, and

e Downwind boundary points of the 30 degree tangents.

With this data, the IDCC shall construct the ChemicalHazard Prediction display. For chemical events with windspeeds of 10 KM/HR or less, the Chemical Hazard Predictiondisplay shall consist of a circle representing the hazardarea.

3.2.3.4 Chemical Effects Piocessing - The chemical modelshall define the chemica.ly contaminated area as that areain which the level of corntamination exceeds the chemicalalarm's threshold level for activation. The model shall notconsider the effects of contaminated areas with lesserconcentrations. The automatic caemical agent alarm systemto be used shall be t'ae M43 Detector Unit and the M42 AlarmUnit. The alarm threshold levels utilized by the modelshall be based on the threshold levels of the M43 DetectorUnit. The boundaries of the contaminated area shall be inan elliptical pattern and shall change as a function of time,and weather. Weather shall remain constant for each eventand shall not be affected by the weather defined for otherchemical events.

28

.~e.

The model shall provide the IDCC with the location ofthe contaminated area, the radial distances and two foci inorder to construct the Chemically Contaminated Area display.

Contamination effects for an area shall be able to becontinued across segment boundaries. When a null segmentoccurs between NBC real segments, a time interval may bespecified at the start of the real segment; chemicalcontamination shall be continued for that period of time.The size of the area contaminated shall be calculated basedon the interval time entered by the operator and weatherconditions shall be as defined in the event. Players shallnot be tracked in the null segment for purposes of definingchemical contamination; their position at the opening ofthe real segment shall be used for the null interval time.

The Chemical Alarm Assignment interactive menu shall beused to indicate that a player is a chemical alarm. Once achemical event has occurred, the location of each chemicalalarm shall be checked by the chemical model to determine ifany are within the chemically contaminated area (either bybeing present during the chemical event, by the changingboundaries of the chemically contaminated area or by theplayer associated with the chemical alarm moving into thecontaminated area). Whenever a chemical alarm is found tobe located in a chemically contaminated area, the ChemicalAlarm alert shall be generated. This alert shall contain arecommendation that the alarm be activated to warn troops ofthe chemical event.

The unit in a Contaminated Area alert shall begenerated for each leaf unit located in a contaminated area(either by being present during the chemical event, by thechanging boundaries of the chemically contaminated area, orby players moving into the contaminated area). The alertshall provide a list of the actual instrumented anduninstrumented players in the unit (by player ID) who werewithin the boundaries of the contaminated area. No-playerunits shall be considered to be within the contaminated areaif the unit's center of mass is within the area. A playerunit shall be considered to be within the boundaries of thecontaminated area if any player attached to the unit is inthe area. The alert shall be issued at the time of initialeffect from a contaminated area and shall be reissued onlyif the unit moves to an uncontaminated area and subsequentlyreenters a contaminated area.

The Chewical Effects Casualty Recommendation alertshall provide the percentage (to the nearest 10%) ofpersonnel in each posture and MOPP category who should bekilled. The model shall assume a 15 second masking timewhen making casualty recommendations and shall consider: aminimum casualty effect of 10% for players within thecontaminated area, regardless of MOPP or posture level. TheChemical Effects Casualty Recommendation alert shall be .""

29

.... ,.. .. .- . '..... ... %....%.. ... .%.. .. . , , . o.., . . ¶ .. °. . . ... ,, ,. ,o

, i a i i

redisplayed whenever the unit's casualty recommendation inany of the ?VPP/posture categories increases by 20%. Thepercentage shall reflect the percentage of casualties from -the original unit size and, when redisplayed, the alertshall indicate the previous casualty recommendationpercentages for the unit.

For persistent agents, the model shall calculate, basedupon the type of agent, the amount of time a unit has todecontaminate before casualties result for each posture andMOPP category. For chemical processing, a unit shall beconsidered to be contaminated if the unit has entered achemically contaminated area and has not decontaminated. Ifa unit has not decontaminated prior to the calculated timefor a posture/MOPP category, the Chemical Effects CasualtyRecommendation alert shall be generated.

3.2.3.5 Chemical Casualty Assessment Processing The CISoperator shall be responsible for transmitting the casualtyrecommendations provided by the CC to the OCs in the field.The OC shall be responsible for acting upon therecommendations and actually assessing field casualties. Inassessing casualties, the OC should consider the rapiditywith which participants entered the required postures andthe proximity of participants who are not defined in the CISdata base to players who are found to be in the contaminatedarea.

The OC shall be responsible for reporting casualtieswhich were assessed due to chemical effects. The CISoperator shall call the Chemical Mission Result interactivemenu to attribute casualties to chemical effects. The CISoperator will enter the total number of personnel involvedin the exercise (by unit) who were assessed as casualtiesdue to chemical effects in each posture and MOPP category.

3.2.3,6 Chemical Event Cancellation - Once an event hasoccurred, the operator shall have the capability ofcancelling the event proccesses via the Chemical EventDefinition menu. Upon cancellation, all environmentaleffects for the event shall be discontinued. However, anychemical contamination of personnel that occurred as aresult of the event (i.e., dose received, dose rate,disability, etc,) prior to event cancellation shall remainin effect. The Chemical Event Cancellation alert shall - beprovided upon cancellation. For event cancellation prior toexecution, refer to Section 3.2.3.1 Chemical EventDefinition.

3.2.3.7 Statistical Data Processing

3.2.3.7.1 Chemical Event Log - The Chemical Event Log shallrecord time of event, force, type of chemical agent, centerof impact area, and delivery method. Status of chemicalevents shall also be listed in the event log as cancelled,

30

executed, or not executed. Events recorded as cancelledshall refer to those cancelled prior to the occurrence ofthe event. Chemical events which are not executedrepresent; for example, events which are scheduled to occurin a null or. nonchemical segment. • ,

The format of the Chemical Event Log is shown inFigure 5.

3.2.3.7.2 Chemical Casualty Log - The Chemical Casualty Logshall consist of a log of all kills caused by chemicaleffects. The data shall be made available to the CC via theChemical Mission Result interactive menu. "'

The Chemical Casualty Log shall be provided by unit and Jshall contain, as a minimum, the total number cf exerciseparticipants killed in each MOPP and posture category.

The format of the Chemical Casualty Log is shown inFigure 6.

3.2.3.7.3 Chemical Contamination Report - The ChemicalContamination Report shall provide long term casualtycontamination data by unit. The report shall record thetype of agent and the ultimate time of disability (thenumber of hours from the time of the display request atwhich certain disability will occur) by posture category(i.e., in the open, protected, covered) for unit personnelin MOPP 4. The data shall be made available to the CC viathe chemical model.

The format of the Chemical Contamination Report is

shown in Figure 7.

3.3 Interactive Display and Control Component (IDCC)

3.3.1 Tactical Displays - All displays which are availablethrough the IDCC (i.e., digital background map, tacticalsymbology, tactical/operational menus, side panel data andoperator alerts) shall be available during nuclear andchemical processing. In addition, the following paragraphsdefine new IDCC requirements to be incorporated into the CISsoftware to support nuclear and chemical processing.

Symbology required for nuclear processing is shown inFigure 8.

Symbology required for chemical processing is shown inFigure 9.

3.3.1.1 Nuclear Prompt Effects Display- When a nuclearevent occurs, a display shall be provided which .ihows theground zero, height of burst, and yield; and shows thelargest immediate lethal radius for each of three targettypes: tanks, APCs, and troops in the open. The display of

.31

.. . . . . ".. . . . . . . . . . .

-. :. • ' - "--- .':-."...."'--.-.2.' ..". ......-.-.-.--.'-...'--...-..:.. -.. :..:---....'.-..- ...- '.-..'..'-'.---':.,-

. .

- A I

2 3 4 .100 0 0 0 0 0 0 . .'•

- - - - - --- - - - -

CHEMICAL EVEN..T LOG D. MMM yy .. H:.. . . ...KIMPACT• DELIVERY

TIME FORCE AGENT AREA M4ETVOD STATUS JJ•DD a•llsiml xx•xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx XXXXXXXXX xxxxxxxxxxxx •.-

owlb•'

Figure~~~, 5. Chmca vntlg

32. "

TITLE: Chemical Event Log

DISPLAY TYPE: Tabular

CONT EN?:


TIME Scheduled mission tim foz chomical :. -..

event, as defined by the operatorvia an interactive menu.

FORCE Name of force initiating the chomicalevent, as defined by the operator viaan int eractive menu.

AGENT Type of choical agent (iS.e. PNERVZ,PBLISTER, NPNERVE, NPBLOOOD) as de-fined by the operator via an inter-active menu.

IMPACT AREA The impact location, in UTM coordin- V.,-ates, for the chomica~l event as de-fined by the operator via an inter-active menu. ror air spray or airbomb delivery, the center of theimpact area shall be provided. Forgroups of targets, the group name.shall be listed.

DELIVERY METHOD Delivery method (i.e., ARTILLERY,ROCKET, AIR SPRAY, AIR BCNBS) as de-fined by the operarto via an inter-active menu.

STATUIS The status of tho chemical event(i'e., cancelled, *xo,:uted and notexecZutead) . Not executed chemicalevents sha.ll be; for example, eventsscheduled to occur in a null or non-Ichemical segment.

DISPLAY CRITERIA: .

TIME Al. data on cheical events shall be .A

displayed for the entire history fgomthe beginning of the history to theexercise time as displayed on theTactical Display at the time of the NWdisplay request. P,.

Figure 5. Chemical event log (Concluded).

33

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHIuCA.L CASUALTY LOG 1/A/1-123 O0 1MMH YY HH:1M

PERSONNEL CASUALTIES

POSTURES OPEN PROTECTED COVERED

4OPP 0 NNNN NNNN NNNNMOPP 1NOPP 2MOPP 3M4OPP 4NqOPP 5

Figure 6. Chem~ical casualty log.

34

TITLE: Chemical Casualty Log

DISPLAY TYPE: 'Tabular

CONTENT:


PERSONNEL CASUALTIES For alh personnel involved in theexercise, the number killed for thenamed unit in each MOPP and posturecategory.

DISPLAY CRITERIAs

- TIME All data on chemical casualties shallbe displayed for the entire historyfrom the beginning of the history tothe exercise time as displayed on theTactical Display at the time of thedisplay request or for an operator"def ined time interval.

"" UNIT The display shall rpresent data forany operator selected leaf unit.

Figure 6. Chemical cas ualty log (Concluded).

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 g1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 u

CHEMICAL CONTAMMATIOX REPORT - PP 4 1/A/2-123 O0 MW y SEZM

AGENT POSTURES ULTIMATE TIREOr DISABILITY

11111111 OPEN ~uPROTECTE NunCOVEEDR mum

Figure 7. Chemical contamination report.

36

TITLXS Chemical Contamination ReportDISPLAY TTIE:. Tabular

CONTET S


POSTURE List of posture categocies for thenamed leaf unit (i.e., in TUE OPEN,PROTECTI, COVEZR).

AGENT Type of chemical agent (i.e., PHERVE,PBLISTER, NPUERVR, 'PSLOOD) as de-fined by the operator via an inter-active menu.

ESTIMATED TIME Por each posture category of theOF DISABILITY named unit, the estimated number of

hours from the time of the displayrequest at which certain disabilitywill occur based on chemical agent,dome, and dose rate.

"- SPLAY CRITERIA:

TIMEThe display shall contain all datafoe the entire history from thebeginning of the history to theexercise time an displayed on theTactical Display at the time of thedisplay request.

UNIT The display shall represent datafor any opecatoc selected leaf, unit.

MOPP The display shall reresent chemicalcontamination data only for personnelin HOPP 4 (in which all protectivegear is worn closed).

Figure 7. Chemical contamination report (Concluded).

37

1. Radiological Marker

A" (DOWE NATE)(SATI)

(sun? Time)(SUNS DATU)

2. Radiation Contours

3. Fallout Prediction

II J! - -

- 4. Prompt Effects Olsplay

Nuclear Explosion

- -------------

atew o @e

i ,O

T O

Figure 8. Symbology for nuclear processing.

38

1. camkcd Mr"eS

(DATE)V'I-

52. ChemIcay Co-ntas *std Atre

L;Choiled Hexard odklotor

-,

5-=

Figure 9. Symbology for chemical processing.

39

.......................... "

IIthe pcomid effects nuclear lethal radii for all nuclearetents shall be controllear Prltpt Effects• buttrob on the Master Menu. The pcompt effects radii shallbeldisplayed in white. The display shall be availablethroughout the exercise once a nuclear blast has occurred,provided lethality for the target types still exists. Referto Figure 8 for a sample layout of the display.

3.3.1.2 Radiation Contours - The aS operator shall be ableto turn on radiation contours to depict areas contaminateddue to fallout and induced radiation. The contours shall be

displayed in white and shall indicate the following dose* rate levels: 1 rad/hr, 20 rad/hr, 100 rad/hr, 300 rad/hr

and 1,000 rad/hr. These contours shall be updated onceevery two minutes to reflect changes in the radiationintensities and shall always be available for displayv throughout the exercise provided the minimum doses rate levelstill exists. In the event of multiple fallout events, the

nuclear model shall provide integrated contours, when"applicable. A maximum of three sets of contours shall be

* displayed for any one history. Refer to Figure 8 for asample layout of the display.

The Radiation Contours button on the Master Menu shallcontrol the display of all fallout contours.

3..1.3 Fallout Prediction Display - The Fallout Predictiondisplay shall be drawn based upon the data provided by thenuclear model. It shall be calculated once a nuclear event

""I has been defined and shall be displayed throughout theexercise unless the event is cancelled. If a nuclear eventis! cancelled, the Fallout Prediction display for that eventshall no longer be available. If a nuclear event is.changed, the Fallout Prediction display shall be

U •recalculated and displayed. An example of the display is- . provided in Figure S.

Pro The operator shall control the display of all FalloutPrediction displays through a button on the Master Menu.

3.3.1.4 Chemically Contaminated Area - The CaS operatorshall be able to turn on the Chemically Contaminated Areadisplay. This area shall be displayed as a transparentyellow area, and shall be updated to reflect changes in theboundaries of the contaminated area. Refer to Figure 9 fora sample layout of the display.

The Chemically Contaminated Area button on the MasterMenu shall control the display of the area.

3.1.1.5 Chemical Alarm - A capability shall be providedwhich allows for a chemical alarm to be associated with anexisting instrumented or uninstrumented player. Generally,

40

W-

uninstrumented chemical alarms shall be emplaced alarms,while instrumented alarms shall be attached to a wheeledvehicle.

The Chemical Alarm button on the Master Menu shallcause a yellow OX" to be displayed next to the associatedplayer symbol. This button shall cause all players who havechemical alarms associated with them to be displayedregardless of other player display selections.

3.3.1.6 Chemical Hazard Prediction Display - The ChesacalHazard Prediction display shall be drawn based upon the data %4provided by the chemical model. It shall be calculated oncea chemical event has been defined and shall remain staticthroughout the exercise. If a chemical event is cancelled,the Chemical Hazard Prediction display for that event shallno longer be available. The operator shall control thedisplay of all Chemical Hazard Prediction displays through abutton on the Master Menu. An example of the display isprovided in Figure 9.

3.3.1.7 Contaminated Players - Players contaminated withnuclear radiation (i.e., a player whom radiation dose rateis higher than the dose rate that results from hissurrcundings and is greater than 1 rad/hr) shall be outlinedon the graphic display with a yellow box. The box shall bedisplayed for both live and killed players and shall beremoved from a player's display following decontaminationprocedures specified in the Decontamination interactivemenu.

The Nuclear Coniaminated Players button on the MasterMenu shall be used to control the display of the nuclearcontamination boxes.

Chemically contaminated players (i.e., players who haveentered a chemically contaminated area and have not beendecontaminated) shall be outlined on the graphic displaywith a dashed-line yellow box. The box shall be displayedfor both live and killed players and shall be removed from aplayer's display following decontamination procedures Ispecified in the Decontamination interactive menu.

The Chemically Contaminated Players button on theMaster Menu shall be used to control the display of thechemical contamination boxes.

3.3.1.8 Nuclear Casualties - A Nuclear Coobat Loss buttonshall be added to Master Menu 1 and Master Menu 2. Thisbutton shall be used to control the display of players whowere killed through the Player Kill interactive menu as aresult of a nuclear event. If this button is on, thoseplayers who have been killed by nuclear effects shall bedisplayed with a black shroud. If this button is off,players who have been killed by nuclear effects shall not be

41I!

I

displayed. Display of players who are killed by controllergun for nuclear effects shall not be affected by thisbutton.

3.3.1.9 Control measures - The CIS cisplays shall becapable of showing both the actual nuclear environment (viaradiation contours) and the nuclear environment as marked inthe field. aS operators shall enter radiological markersas they are called in from the field by using the ControlMeasure menu. The Radiological Marker control measure isshown in Figure 8. .-

In addition, both the actual chemical environment (viathe Chemically Ccataminated Area display) and the chemicalenvironment as it is marked on the field shall be capable ofdisplay by the CIS. Chemical markers shall be entered byCIS operators as they are called in from the field (via theControl Measure menu). The Chemical Marker control measureis shown in Figure 9.

3.3.1.10 Master Menu - The Master Menu used for the 500Player CIS shall be updated to include buttons to controlthe following additional features for NBC processing:

9 Nuclear. Combat Loss

* Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Category Alerts

* Nuclear Prompt Effects Display

* Nuclear Contaminated Players Display

* Fallout Prediction Display

o Radiation Contours Display

* Chemically Contaminated Area Display

o Chemically Contaminated Players Display

e Chemical Alarms Display

0 Downwind Hazard Display

Figure 10 depicts the new graphics tablet required forincorporating nuclear and chemical processing into the CIS.

3.3.1.11 Interactive Menus The existing CIS Control Measuresmenu shall be updated to incorporate new requirements fornuclear and chemical processing. In addition, the existingExercise Segment Definition interactive menu shall be 'updated to allow for the definition of an NBC segment, thePlayer Kill interactive menu shall be updated to allow fornuclear kills from the CIS, and the Player Resurrect

42

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interactive menu shall be updated to include nuclearradiation status on resurrected players. Menu descriptionsfor these menus are contained in Figures 11 through 14.

3.3.2 Alpbanumeric Displays

3.3.2.1 Nenus - The as shall provide • * following newinteractive ueuus at the support displays iring nuclear andchemical exercise segments:

* Nuclear Event Definition

* Chemical Event Definition

e Nuclear Mission Result

e Chemical Mission Result

e Decontamination

* Player/Unit Posture

• Chemical Alarm Assignment

Menu descriptions are contained in Figures 15 through21. All menus shall be designed to be compatible with theoperation of the current CIS menus and shall utilize thesame set of display primitives defined in the as 500 PlayerRDS.

3.3.2.2 Alerts - Display of all nuclear and chemicalcasualty alerts during an NBC exercise segment shall becontrolled by the Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Alertcategory button on the Master Menu. The following alertsshall be generated:

e Nuclear Event Warning

(Time] : (Force] : NUCLEAR EVENT SCHEDULEDTO OCCUR AT : [Time of Burst]: [Ground Zero]:[Height of Burst] s [Yield]

* Nuclear Event Cancellation

[Time] : NUCLEAR EVEIT [Event ID] : CANCELLED

e Prompt Nuclear Effects Casualty Recommendation

[Time] : [Unit] : PROMPT NUCLEAR EFFECTSPARTICIPANT CASUALTIES : OPEN [NNN%] APC [NNN%]TNK [NNN'] WHEELED VEIICLS [NNN!] FOXHOLE [NNN%]EARTH SHELTER [NNN%]PLAYER KILLS : [Player ID]I (Player ID] .M . .

EQUIPMNT CASUALTIES : IN USE [NNN%] OFF [NNN%]

44

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DISCONNECTED ANTENNAE (NNN%] SHIELDED [NNN%]

"e Cumulative Nuclear Effects Casualty Recommendation

[Time] :, [Unit] : ACCUMULATED EFFECTS PARTICIPANTCASUALTIES : OPEN [NNN%/NNN%] APC [NNN%/NNN%]TNK [NNN%/NNN%] WHEELED VEHICLE [NNN%/NNN%]FOXHOLE [NNN%/NNW,] EARTH SHELTER [NNN%/NNN%]PLAYER KILLS : [Player ID]; [Player ID] . . .

0 Chemical Event Warning

[Time] : (Force] : CHEMICAL EVENT SCHEDULEDTO OCCUR AT (Time of Event] : [Location] . [Agent]

* Chemical Event Cancellation

[Time] : CHEMICAL EVENT : [Event ID] : CANCELLED

* Chemical Alarm Recommendation

(Time] : CHEMICAL ALARM (Alarm ID] IN CONTAMINATEDAREA : ACTIVATE ALARM

"* Unit in a Contaminated Area

[Time] [ (Unit] : (Player ID], (Player ID],(Player ID] .. (Player ID] ENTERED CHEMICALLYCONTAMINATED AREA

"* Chemical Effects Casualty Recommendation

(Time] : [Unit] : PERSCNNEL CASUALTIESMOPPO OPEN [NNN/NNN%] PROT [NNN/NNN%] COVER (NNN/NNN%]MOPPI : OPEN [NNN/NNN%] PROT (NNN/NNN%J COVER (NNN/NNN%]MOPP2 : OPEN (NNN/NNNI PROT [NNN/NNN%] COVER [NNN/NNN%]MOPP3 : OPEN [NNN/NNN%] PROT (NNN/NNN%] COVER [NNN/NNN%]MOPP4 : OPEN (NNN/NNN%] PROT [NNN/NNN%] COVER [NNN/NNN%]MOPPS : OPEN [NNN/NNN%] PROT [NNN/NNN%] COVER (NNN/NNN%]

°.,

3.3.2.3 Reports - The CIS shall provide the following newoperator selectable reports at the support display during anNBC exercise segment:

"* Nuclear Event Log

"* Nuclear Casualty Log

"• Accumulated Radiation Report

"* Chemical Event Log

160

......... . ." .

* Chemical Casualty Log

e Chemical Contamination Report

The format of each display is detailed in paragraphs3.2.2.8 and 3.2.3.7.

3.3.2.4 Graphical Displays - The IDCC shall provide theRadiation Dose Rate Over Time graphical display at thesupport display during an NBC exercise segment. The formatof this display is detailed in paragraph 3.2.2.8.4.

14%

161

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. . . . . . .. . . . . . .

%ATTACHMENT1

NUCLEAR ALGORITHMS

The figures in this appendix describe the algorithmsused for calculating the nuclear environment in the NTCnuclear model. A description of each algorithm has beenincluded along with a description of the constants and .,variables used in the equations. Also included in thissection are figures which describe the values used forplayer protection factors and the values used forcalculating the probability of casualty.

Figure 22 - Prompt Effects AlgorithmsFigure 23 - Casualty Computation AlgorithmsFigure 24 - Player Pro'tection FactorsFigure 25 - Values used for Calculating

Probability of Casualty

For more detailed information on the NTC nuclearalgorithms refer to the *Report on the Selection ofAlgorithms for the NTC Nuclear Models, dated 9 September1983.

163

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166

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Ip.

UVUOMU RQUI3D DEPNDZNCZ orPOR 500 CASCUATY PROBABILITY ON

INCRmLWITAL

Nuclear Radiation

(cads) 530 0.0013

Thermal Radiation(ca~l/c )ts,?.:,In the open 8/25** 0...OS**'in a foxhole 40/500** 0.021.0025**

Overpressure

(Pe9

In the open 4 0.15In a foxhole 21 0.05in a bunker 100 0.01

Dynamic Impulse*(psi-sec)-

In an APC 1.04 1.0In a tank 0.65 1.0In a truck 0.16 4.0

SHP MR/):2 3 -4in us* 6z 10 22 10"4

Off f 02x1Antenna disconnected 2 x 10 2 x 104Packed & shielded 1 z 10 2 z 10"4

*The casualty computation for blast effects on vehicleswas changed from the original equations, as defined inprevious documentation, to use dynamic impulse valuesrather than peak overpressure for APCs, tanks and trucks.These values are preliminary estimates onlyl no attempthas been mde to make minor adjustments to the values.

"**These constants were used in the calculations to representmen wearing protective chemical overgarments.

Figure 25. Values used for calculating probability ofcasualty.

167

ATTACHMENT 2 ,

CHEMICAL ALGORITHMS

The figures in this Appendix describe the algorithmsused for calculating the chemical environment in the NTCchemical model. A description of each algorithm has beenincluded along with a description of the constants and ."-

variables used in the equations.

Figure 26 - Hazard Prediction Algorithm.Figure 27 - Nonpersistent Cloud AlgorithmFigure 28 -,Persistent Cloud AlgorithmFigure 29 - Persistent Ground Contamination >,

AlgorithmsFigure 30 - Casualty Computation Algorithms -

169

HAZARD PREDICTION

PROPERTI ES ALGORTIl

Hazard Graphics Display Algorittu is identical toNATO Report Analysis ReportATP-45, Part IV, Chapter 12

.-" .- o °

* :: j1??!:

Figure 26. Hazard prediction algorit-ii.

170

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ATTACHMENT 3

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADA Air Defense Artillery,APC Armored Personnel CarrierBLUEFOR Blue ForceCC Computational ComponentCIS Core Instrumentation SubsystemEMC Exercise Monitoring and ControlEMP Electromagnetic PulseBOB Height of BurstID Identif icationIDCC Interactive Display and Control ComponentKH KilometerKT KilotonMOPP Mission Oriented Protective PostureNBC Nuclear, Biological and ChemicalNTC National Training CenterOC Observer ControllerPSI Pounds per square inchRDS Requirments Design SpecificationRS Radiation StatusTAP Training Analysis and Feedbackus United States

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