Upload
bernadette-lucas
View
213
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ACWUA 2nd International Conference and ExhibitionNew Prospects and Challenges for the Water
Sector in the Arab RegionJanuary 27 - 29, 2013
Amman, Jordan
“Engineering Projects in the Water Sector: a Low Carbon Development Perspective”
Jihad Abu Jamous / Shada El-Sharif – Arabtech Jardaneh
Theme 3: Water Science for Policy and GovernanceBeyond MDGs: Water Resources and the Green Economy Paradigm
CLIMATE CHANGE? ENGINEERING?
“Climate change is a complex problem, which, although environmental in nature, has consequences for all spheres of existence on our planet. It either impacts
on-- or is impacted by-- global issues, including poverty, economic development, population growth,
sustainable development and resource management. It is not surprising, then, that
solutions come from all disciplines and fields of research and development” , United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
OUTLINE
Trends in Low Carbon Development (Global, Regional)
Green Economy & the Water Sector: Jordanian perspective
New drivers for engineering projects NAMAs as a CC Project Framework Evolving Team Structures Case study: Jordan NAMA project Opportunities for the water sector
CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL MILESTONES: RIO – JUNE 2012
RIO + 20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development. Key themes: Green Economy, Sustainable Development, Poverty Eradication, Institutional Frameworks
Biggest UN Conference ever held, over 188 counties and 100 heads of state represented
More than $513 billion in commitments for SD in energy, transport, green economy, disaster reduction, desertification, water, forests and agriculture
692 voluntary commitments for SD by governments, businesses, NGOs and academia
RIO – JUNE 2012
“We emphasize that green economy should contribute to eradicating poverty as well as sustained economic
growth, enhancing social inclusion, improving human welfare and creating opportunities for employment and decent work for all, while
maintaining the healthy functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems”
Draft Resolution – RIO+20
CC & RECENT GLOBAL MILESTONES: COP 18 DOHA- DEC. 2012
Keeps the Kyoto Protocol alive• Launches a new commitment period (only countries
who commit can use CDM/JI process)• Reviews the commitment in 2014
Establishes a timetable and milestone for 2015 Agreement
• Continuous the efforts to raise the level of ambition to close the mitigation gap (more global commitment needed for GHG reduction)
CC & RECENT GLOBAL MILESTONES: COP 18 DOHA- DEC. 2012
Long term financing: • Fast Start Financing to reach US$100bn by 2020• $8.5bn in new financing pledged (UK, Germany,
France, Denmark, Sweden and EU Commission)
Green Climate Fund (GCF):• Confirming Songdo, South Korea, to host GCF
CC: OTHER MILESTONES
Copenhagen Accord: endorsed by 141 parties (2009), but not binding
Key elements formalized as UN decision in 2010 Cancun Agreements
Cancun Agreements: CC as global challenge, global warming should not exceed 2oC; Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS); Adaptation Framework
REGIONAL CONTEXT
International organizations active in CC initiatives in MENA:
European Neighbourhood Partnership Instrument(ENPI); Clima South (knowledge sharing, capacity building, policy)
EU-UNDP Low Emission Capacity Building Program (LECBP) Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development
(UNEP/MAP) UNEP-Sustainable Buildings and Construction Initiative (SBCI)
– FIDIC AFED Green Economy Report for the Arab World - 2011 Arab Sustainability Leadership Group (ASLG) – Queen Rania
Initiative World Future energy Summit 2013 (annual) - Masdar Growing number of policies / strategies by countries of the
region (e.g. National Energy Efficiency Action Plans)
JORDAN CONTEXT: THE OPPORTUNITIES Adaptation frameworks (health, water, energy, agriculture,
education) UN and line ministries Mitigation actions (Kyoto, GHG reporting, active MoE, CDM,
preliminary NAMA list) NEEDs: proposed financing for adaptation projects in water sector &
other mitigation projects Strong technical capabilities (> 100,000 engineers, 1:83) Green Economy Study; RE and EE Law; new building and plumbing
codes; W/E strategy Organizations with a “green” agenda: the Jordan Green Building
Council, Jordan Engineers Association, A/E Business Council, Royal Scientific Society, ministries
Numerous donor funded programs (EU, USAID, AFD, WB, KfW, GIZ ...etc)
Samra STP: case study for smart energy concept / CDM potential / successful PPP
EVOLVING PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
Climate Change Adaptation driven projects:• Coastal engineering (sea level rise)• Watershed management / flood assessments (flood risk)• Water resource management (changing T, R)• Emergency response systems (natural disasters)• Healthcare facilities (health risks)• Sustainable design in building and infrastructure
(adaptation to dwindling resources)• Water demand management / new supplies, water loss
reduction, wastewater reuse (e.g. Jordan water strategy)• Most vulnerable countries (ME: water scarcity, climate-
sensitive agriculture, coastal populations, conflicts)
EVOLVING PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
Climate Change Mitigation driven projects:• Energy efficient design (reduce fossil fuel consumption /
GHG emissions)• Renewable energy projects (clean energy: solar, wind,
biomass) e.g. Samra biogas/hydropower aspects• Sustainable infrastructure (public transportation, energy
efficient water pumping)• Landfill gas capture and energy production• Agriculture and forests• Carbon Storage and Sequestration• Fuel switch projects
THE OVERLAP: NATIONAL PRIORITIES / CC CONTEXT
National PrioritiesClimate Change Adaptation / Mitigation
NAMAS: AS CC PROJECT CONTEXT Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions:
• Originated from the Bali Action Plan in 2007, supported in COP17 2011
• Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country parties in the context of SD, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building in a measureable, reportable and verifiable manner (MRV)
Support seeking NAMAs
International Support
NAMA Registry
• Flexible concept, can be laws , policies, projects countries can lead in shaping them
CASE STUDY: JORDAN NAMA Jordan among the first countries globally to submit a
preliminary list of NAMAs to UNFCCC secretariat GoJ requested technical and financial assistance in
further developing and prioritizing its NAMAs World Bank / PPIAF funded technical assistance project• Long list of NAMAs short list• Focus on key infrastructure sectors (water, waste, energy
transport)• Potential for private sector participation (PSP)• Green House Gas reduction potential• Alignment with national priories • Scalability / relplicability in Jordan and the region• Climate finance potential• Pre-feasibility for pilot NAMA
JORDAN CONTEXT: THE CHALLENGES
6.5 million growing population (transient populations)
Resource poor / developing economy:
• Water scarcity• Frail state of energy security• Weak public transportation
system• Overstretched waste
management systems (strategy needed)
• Rising utility prices
PROJECT KEY PLAYERS
Project Direction / Funding
World Bank / Carbon Finance Assist
Beneficiary: Government of Jordan
Focal Point: Ministry of
Environment
Consultant Team
Banking / Financial
EVOLVING TEAM STRUCTURES
Engineers (transport, waste, energy, water)Legal / policyEconomists / bankersPPP expertiseClimate changeCapacity building
Multi-cultural / lingual
Lead consultants: SDA (Argentine) and URS (UK)Consultants on the ground: AJ (Jordan) and Eversheds (Jordan)Developing / developed country experience
Multistakeholder
KEY PROJECT COMPONENTSLiterature Review (national communications, sectoral analysis, int’l context)
Data Collection / Analysis for NAMA long list (matrix, questionnaire, interviews) / regulatory overview
First short list: size, policy, replicability, GHG potential, Climate Finance, PSP, national priority
First regional workshop: participatory approach to identify pilot NAMA
IWWTP
Pre-feasibility study for selected NAMA (technical and financial analysis) Final Workshop
JORDAN NAMA: PROJECT LANDSCAPE
Selection of Pilot NAMA: Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Plant
Short List: 5 projects
Final Long list• 20
projects• Minus
CDM
Long List: • 51 projects• CDM
included• 4 sectors
Source: NAMA project Consultant team
IWWTP DESIGN APPROACH: PILOT NAMA CONTEXT
• Water conservation / ww reuse• Energy efficiency / minimize GHG emissions• Environmental protection and social considerations• Minimize sludge and maximize biogas• Revenue streams (water and energy sales)• Public and private sector interests • Climate finance potential • Sound technical design: 4 waste streams corresponding to effluent types, three stage treatment more adaptable
• Finance mix: industries, banks, public (land), carbon finance• Regulatory / policy framework
TYPICAL IWWTP DESIGN APPROACH
• Typically led by the public sector• Technical approach: mix different wastes in single process• Minimal treatment standard (reuse not always considered)• Sludge disposal• Business potential / private sector participation not explored
• Minimal environmental compliance• Social / climate change adaptation / mitigation rarely considered
• More technically focussed; minimal consideration for issues of climate change, economy, private sector participation
EVOLVING PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
Wastewater Collection
• Quantity• Quality• Cost
Treatment Process
• Stages• Streams• Phys / chem / biological • Cost
•WW Collection fees• Potential private sector stakeholders•Environmental and social value
•Project company / investment opportunity• Technical / Economic considerations of treatment process• Capture resources (biogas, sludge, heat)
•Sales of TSE• Compost sales•Energy sales (biogas)•Biodiesel?•Environmental and social value
• Policy and legal framework (PPPs, water & environmental laws, wastewater standards)• Climate finance potential (CDM, GCF, Env Fund – policy/ project level)
• Public private interface (strong national procurement: output based / SD considered)• Framework for replicability
• Feasibility
BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Business opportunities: new markets / countries /
fundsRole in green growth
Unfamiliar conceptsLack of multidisciplinary / multi cultural experience
Learning curve
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WATER SECTOR Utilities and water companies can make use of growing international support for “green projects” in developing partnerships and accessing additional sources of finance
FIDIC defines Sustainable Infrastructure as that which is able to “deliver its service over its lifetime, efficiently and reliably, and it needs to be adaptable and resilient to change and shock”
Projects that consider sustainability from inception end of life:• Minimal reliance on non-renewable resources• Maximum benefit to the environment and society• Achieve economic prosperity• Ensure stakeholder buy-in• Have a long useful life
Improved Project Performance and
Durability
RECOMMENDATIONS
Capacity building for the public and private sector on global / regional climate change developments and implications on emerging engineering project frameworks (focus on water sector)
Facilitate cross-cultural/ regional collaboration and networking (CC and Water are cross-border issues)
Climate change driven projects are complex and have country / region – specific considerations innovations are needed. Approaches like NAMAs are great opportunities for innovation and finding “appropriate” solutions for each context