Active ShooterActive ShooterCaptain Donald LangCaptain Donald Lang

Training ObjectivesTraining Objectives

Define various shooting situationsDefine various shooting situations List measures that can be employed List measures that can be employed

to reduce the effectiveness of an to reduce the effectiveness of an active shooteractive shooter

Describe actions that can be Describe actions that can be expected from responding law expected from responding law enforcement officersenforcement officers

Safety tipsSafety tips

Shooting SituationsShooting Situations

Barricaded SuspectBarricaded Suspect Hostage SituationsHostage Situations Active ShooterActive Shooter

Barricaded SuspectBarricaded Suspect Normally a criminal suspect with known or Normally a criminal suspect with known or

unknown violent potential that has barricaded unknown violent potential that has barricaded themselves alone in a structure and refused to themselves alone in a structure and refused to surrendersurrender

Ample time for detailed planning and Ample time for detailed planning and negotiationsnegotiations

Person(s) are normally armed and there is Person(s) are normally armed and there is potential for a transition to an active shooter potential for a transition to an active shooter or hostage situationor hostage situation

Hostage SituationHostage Situation Similar to barricaded suspect(s) situation with Similar to barricaded suspect(s) situation with

the addition of innocent persons being held the addition of innocent persons being held against their willagainst their will

Provide time for detailed planning and Provide time for detailed planning and negotiationsnegotiations

Hostage situations can develop from active Hostage situations can develop from active shooter situations or have great potential to shooter situations or have great potential to develop into them develop into them

Active ShooterActive Shooter One or more suspects who, as law enforcement respond to the One or more suspects who, as law enforcement respond to the

scene, are actively killing or causing serious, life-threatening scene, are actively killing or causing serious, life-threatening bodily injury to multiple victims. The overriding objective of bodily injury to multiple victims. The overriding objective of the suspect(s) appears to be that of mass murder, rather than the suspect(s) appears to be that of mass murder, rather than other criminal conduct such as robbery or hostage-takingother criminal conduct such as robbery or hostage-taking

Threat is not contained and there is immediate risk of death Threat is not contained and there is immediate risk of death and injuryand injury

Considered the greatest threatConsidered the greatest threat Leaves Leaves little or no time for proper planninglittle or no time for proper planning and requires law and requires law

enforcement to take immediate actionenforcement to take immediate action These situations may develop into hostage situations upon the These situations may develop into hostage situations upon the

arrival of law enforcementarrival of law enforcement

Active ShooterActive Shooter DetailsDetails Usually active shooter incidents are Usually active shooter incidents are

over quickly. Most incidents last 5-10 over quickly. Most incidents last 5-10 minutes or less. The Virginia Tech minutes or less. The Virginia Tech shooting lasted 11 minutes where he shooting lasted 11 minutes where he fired 174 shots (32 killed 17 wounded).fired 174 shots (32 killed 17 wounded).

Almost all active shooters have been Almost all active shooters have been males.males.

Mental Health issuesMental Health issues Preplanning by the shootersPreplanning by the shooters

Mentality of Active Mentality of Active ShooterShooter

Desire is to kill and seriously injure without Desire is to kill and seriously injure without concern for their safety or threat of captureconcern for their safety or threat of capture

May have intended victims and searches them May have intended victims and searches them outout

Accepts targets of opportunity while Accepts targets of opportunity while searching for or after finding intended victimssearching for or after finding intended victims

Will continue to move throughout the Will continue to move throughout the building/area until stopped by law building/area until stopped by law enforcement, suicide, or other interventionenforcement, suicide, or other intervention

Shooters Shooters mentality is not escapementality is not escape. The goal is . The goal is to kill and injureto kill and injure

There is no “typical profile” for active There is no “typical profile” for active shootersshooters

Work Place ShootingsWork Place Shootings 36 percent of workplace shooters were 36 percent of workplace shooters were

current employeescurrent employees 28 percent were former employees28 percent were former employees 11 percent were retirees11 percent were retirees 19 percent were family members19 percent were family members 6 percent were others 6 percent were others

Active ShooterActive Shooter If you are in an office environment, stay If you are in an office environment, stay

there and secure the doorthere and secure the door If the door has no lock, attempt to block the If the door has no lock, attempt to block the

door as much as you can or place a door door as much as you can or place a door wedge hard under the doorwaywedge hard under the doorway

If the door has a window, cover it if you canIf the door has a window, cover it if you can Attempt to rescue others outside should Attempt to rescue others outside should

only be made if it can be done without only be made if it can be done without endangering the persons inside the secure endangering the persons inside the secure areaarea

Active ShooterActive Shooter

There is another school of thought which is to:There is another school of thought which is to:

EvacuateEvacuate

Hide/Lock downHide/Lock down

Fight BackFight Back

Hide/Lock downHide/Lock down

Everyone remain calm and quietEveryone remain calm and quiet Lock/Barricade the door(s)Lock/Barricade the door(s) Get out of sight from the door (closet, restroom)Get out of sight from the door (closet, restroom) Turn all lights offTurn all lights off Turn your cell phones to vibrateTurn your cell phones to vibrate You are trying to make it appear the room is You are trying to make it appear the room is

vacantvacant

Active Shooter - In the Active Shooter - In the HallwaysHallways

Get in a room that is not Get in a room that is not already secured and secure italready secured and secure it

Unless you’re close to an Unless you’re close to an exit, don’t run through a long exit, don’t run through a long hall to get to one, you may hall to get to one, you may encounter the gunmen or encounter the gunmen or hostage taker.hostage taker.

Restrooms are a last resort, Restrooms are a last resort, unless it can be lockedunless it can be locked

Contacting Emergency Contacting Emergency PersonnelPersonnel

Emergency 911Emergency 911 What to ReportWhat to Report

Your specific locationYour specific location Number of people at your Number of people at your

specific locationspecific location InjuriesInjuries Shooter information Shooter information

(location, number of (location, number of shooters, race, gender, shooters, race, gender, clothing color and style, clothing color and style, physical features, type of physical features, type of weapons, backpack, have weapons, backpack, have you heard any explosions you heard any explosions separate from gunshots?)separate from gunshots?)

Law Enforcement RoleLaw Enforcement Role

The goal is to buy us the time to get to the incident.The goal is to buy us the time to get to the incident. Law enforcement are trained to deal with the Law enforcement are trained to deal with the

situation. The FCSO has been trained in the situation. The FCSO has been trained in the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT)Training (ALERRT)

Law enforcements Law enforcements primary objectiveprimary objective will be to will be to confront the shooter and neutralize the threatconfront the shooter and neutralize the threat

Law Enforcement Law Enforcement ResponseResponse

Law enforcement's goal is to locate, contain, and Law enforcement's goal is to locate, contain, and neutralize the threatneutralize the threat

Everyone in the building may be considered a suspectEveryone in the building may be considered a suspect When law enforcement personnel makes contact with When law enforcement personnel makes contact with

you, do not run towards themyou, do not run towards them Keep your hands visible and respond to their Keep your hands visible and respond to their

commandscommands Law enforcement personnel may engage anyone that Law enforcement personnel may engage anyone that

is armed or moves on them in what can be perceived is armed or moves on them in what can be perceived as an aggressive manneras an aggressive manner

If you are near the threat when law enforcement If you are near the threat when law enforcement personnel enter, drop to floor in a prone position and personnel enter, drop to floor in a prone position and stay there, with your hands visible until instructed to stay there, with your hands visible until instructed to get up. get up.

Remember, law enforcement personnel are entering Remember, law enforcement personnel are entering a chaotic scene with conflicting informationa chaotic scene with conflicting information

Law Enforcement Law Enforcement ResponseResponse

Injured PersonsInjured Persons Initial responding law enforcement personnel will Initial responding law enforcement personnel will

notnot treat the injured or begin evacuation until the treat the injured or begin evacuation until the threat is neutralizedthreat is neutralized

You will need to explain this to others in an attempt You will need to explain this to others in an attempt to calm themto calm them

Once the threat is neutralized, emergency personnel Once the threat is neutralized, emergency personnel will begin treatment and evacuationwill begin treatment and evacuation

EvacuationEvacuation The building will have to be cleared and declared The building will have to be cleared and declared

safe. This may be time consumingsafe. This may be time consuming Remain in secure areas until instructed otherwiseRemain in secure areas until instructed otherwise You may be searched. Leave your personal You may be searched. Leave your personal

belongings belongings You will be escorted out of the building by law You will be escorted out of the building by law

enforcement personnelenforcement personnel The building/area is then a major crime sceneThe building/area is then a major crime scene

Safety TipsSafety Tips

Take ownership of making sure your Take ownership of making sure your location is safelocation is safe

Be aware of your surroundings (e.g. location Be aware of your surroundings (e.g. location of exits, doorways, evacuation procedures of exits, doorways, evacuation procedures etc…)etc…)

Report suspicious persons/activity to your Report suspicious persons/activity to your local law enforcement agency immediatelylocal law enforcement agency immediately

Consider training exerciseConsider training exercise Awareness, Planning, PracticeAwareness, Planning, Practice

Work Place ShootingsWork Place Shootings 36 percent of workplace shooters were 36 percent of workplace shooters were

current employeescurrent employees 28 percent were former employees28 percent were former employees 11 percent were retirees11 percent were retirees 19 percent were family members19 percent were family members 6 percent were others 6 percent were others

Work Place ShootingWork Place Shooting

75% of active shooters direct 75% of active shooters direct relation (current, former or retiree)relation (current, former or retiree)

19% of active shooters have indirect 19% of active shooters have indirect relation (family member of current, relation (family member of current, former or retiree)former or retiree)

6% random6% random

Human Resourse Human Resourse ResponsibilityResponsibility

Conduct effective employee Conduct effective employee screenings & background checksscreenings & background checks

Create system of reporting signs of Create system of reporting signs of potential violent behaviorpotential violent behavior

Make counseling services availableMake counseling services available Develop policies & procedures for Develop policies & procedures for

active shooter situationactive shooter situation Coordinate with facility manager Coordinate with facility manager

(physical security) (physical security)

Discussion and Discussion and QuestionsQuestions

Robbery Prevention Measures In Robbery Prevention Measures In WorkplaceWorkplace

Check security equipmentCheck security equipment Don’t discuss cash levels or security Don’t discuss cash levels or security

procedures outside work procedures outside work environmentenvironment

Be alert of suspicious persons Be alert of suspicious persons (loitering)(loitering)

Report suspicious activity to Report suspicious activity to supervisorsupervisor

During RobberyDuring Robbery

Remain calmRemain calm Comply with robbers instructionsComply with robbers instructions If safe to do so, activate alarm or call If safe to do so, activate alarm or call

911911 Be good witnessBe good witness

After RobberyAfter Robbery

After robber has exited, immediately After robber has exited, immediately call 911call 911

Close and secure office doorsClose and secure office doors Preserve evidencePreserve evidence Each employee should write down Each employee should write down

what they saw and heardwhat they saw and heard

Counterfeit CurrencyCounterfeit Currency

Don’t return counterfeit currency to Don’t return counterfeit currency to passerpasser

Contact law enforcement and delay Contact law enforcement and delay passer if possiblepasser if possible

Become good witnessBecome good witness Limited handling of suspected Limited handling of suspected

counterfeit billcounterfeit bill

Judge by TouchingJudge by Touching

Authentic money made from cotton Authentic money made from cotton & linen fibers& linen fibers

Durable & feel crispDurable & feel crisp Slight raised inkSlight raised ink

Thickness of BillThickness of Bill

Genuine money thinner than Genuine money thinner than counterfeit moneycounterfeit money

Compare Compare

Ensure same denomination and Ensure same denomination and seriesseries

Judge by SightJudge by Sight

Counterfeit bills tend to have Counterfeit bills tend to have relative flatness relative flatness

Lack detailLack detail Blurry areas around borderBlurry areas around border Real currency have tiny red & blue Real currency have tiny red & blue

embedded fibersembedded fibers

Look at BorderLook at Border

Outside border of real money should Outside border of real money should be clear and unbrokenbe clear and unbroken

Saw-tooth points of border should be Saw-tooth points of border should be sharp and well definedsharp and well defined

Look for bleeding inkLook for bleeding ink

ExampleExample

Observe PortraitObserve Portrait

On counterfeit bill portrait dull or On counterfeit bill portrait dull or blurredblurred

Portrait tends to stand out on real Portrait tends to stand out on real bill, counterfeit portrait coloring bill, counterfeit portrait coloring blends too muchblends too much

ExampleExample

Examine Serial NumbersExamine Serial Numbers

Compare color of serial numbers to Compare color of serial numbers to Treasury SealTreasury Seal

If receiving multiple suspicious bills, If receiving multiple suspicious bills, compare serial numbers compare serial numbers

ExampleExample

ExampleExample

Observe Security Observe Security FeaturesFeatures

Hold bill up to light should see Hold bill up to light should see security threadsecurity thread

Printing says USA followed Printing says USA followed denominationdenomination

Read inscription from both sides of Read inscription from both sides of billbill

Check WatermarkCheck Watermark

Bear image of portraitBear image of portrait Visible from both sides of billVisible from both sides of bill

ExampleExample

Captain Donald LangCaptain Donald LangFrederick County Frederick County Sheriff’s Office Sheriff’s Office

1080 Coverstone Drive1080 Coverstone DriveWinchester, VirginiaWinchester, Virginia

(540) 662-6162(540) 662-6162(540) 504-6542(540) 504-6542