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Actions speak louder than words.Actions speak louder than words.
3rd Grade3rd Grade
Light, Space in Artworks, Light, Space in Artworks, Design: How the Elements of Art work Together, Design: How the Elements of Art work Together,
American Indian Art,American Indian Art, Art of Ancient Rome and Byzantine CivilizationArt of Ancient Rome and Byzantine Civilization
Visual Art as a
Core Knowledge Subject
Parents and teachers can build on the Parents and teachers can build on the treatment offered here (in the core treatment offered here (in the core curriculum) bycurriculum) by exposing children to additional art books and exposing children to additional art books and
picturespictures taking them to art museumstaking them to art museums showing them buildings with interesting showing them buildings with interesting
architectural features.architectural features.
Although books are delightful and informative, Although books are delightful and informative, there is there is no substitute for the experience no substitute for the experience of seeing works of artof seeing works of art in person. in person.
--E.D. Hirsh Jr. E.D. Hirsh Jr. from from What a Fifth Grader Needs to KnowWhat a Fifth Grader Needs to Know
Media CastMedia Cast
New videos that will help New videos that will help 3rd Grade3rd Grade this year include but are not limited this year include but are not limited to:to:
Henri Matisse Patterns and PaperHenri Matisse Patterns and Paper
School Wide Art Show 2008-School Wide Art Show 2008-20092009
The winners of the individual school art shows will be The winners of the individual school art shows will be framed and displayed downtown atframed and displayed downtown at the Center for the Center for the Arts May 2.the Arts May 2.
Think Outside the BoxThink Outside the Box
Stay in the CircleStay in the Circle
SSit Upit Up LLean Forwardean Forward AActivate Your Mindctivate Your Mind NNod Your Headod Your Head TTrack your Teacher.rack your Teacher.
Safety FirstSafety First
““Always come to Always come to school school
in clothes you are ready to learn in clothes you are ready to learn
in.”in.” - Mrs. Cliburn 2- Mrs. Cliburn 2ndnd Grade Teacher Grade Teacher
The law of the The law of the echo.echo.
““Children should experience art not only as a Children should experience art not only as a spectators spectators
but also as creators.but also as creators.
They should have frequent opportunities to They should have frequent opportunities to draw, paint, cut, paste, mold with clay and draw, paint, cut, paste, mold with clay and take photographs.take photographs.
They can imitate styles and artists they They can imitate styles and artists they encountered and eventually, develop a style encountered and eventually, develop a style of their own.”of their own.”
- E.D. Hirsh Jr. from - E.D. Hirsh Jr. from What a Fifth Grader Needs to KnowWhat a Fifth Grader Needs to Know
PortfolioPortfolio
Fold in halfFold in half Write your name, grade Write your name, grade
level & schoollevel & school in big block letters with in big block letters with
the big markersthe big markers Fill the SpaceFill the Space – Be – Be
CreativeCreative
My PortfolioMy Portfolio
My 3My 3rdrd Grade Grade Student Portfolio Student Portfolio
Quarter 1Quarter 1
Light and ShadowLight and Shadow
Caught in the LightCaught in the Light Think about waking up on a Think about waking up on a
bright sunny day.bright sunny day.
As the sunlight pours through the As the sunlight pours through the windows of your room, it makes windows of your room, it makes Every detail stand outEvery detail stand out Every color seem brighterEvery color seem brighter You feel bright and alive inside You feel bright and alive inside You feel ready to face the dayYou feel ready to face the day
Now think about waking up a Now think about waking up a dark and cloudy morning.dark and cloudy morning.
Your room looksYour room looks
GrayGray BlurredBlurred You wish you could pull the You wish you could pull the
covers over your head and go covers over your head and go back to bedback to bed
Caught in the LightCaught in the Light
Light can affect the way you Light can affect the way you feel.feel.
Light canLight can Lift your spiritsLift your spirits Make you feel happy Make you feel happy
With-out light, you canWith-out light, you can Feel sadFeel sad DrearyDreary
The way that artists use light The way that artists use light in their paintings can affect in their paintings can affect your emotions.your emotions.
Jan VermeerJan Vermeer
This painting is called “The This painting is called “The Milkmaid” by the Dutch artist Milkmaid” by the Dutch artist Jan Vermeer. Jan Vermeer.
Vermeer has made this Vermeer has made this milkmaid’s kitchenmilkmaid’s kitchen Feel warmFeel warm BrightBright Pleasant to be in Pleasant to be in
Sunlight Sunlight Pours through the windowPours through the window Brightens the womanBrightens the woman Brightens all the objects in the Brightens all the objects in the
roomroom Makes the metal lantern shineMakes the metal lantern shine Highlights the rim of the pitcherHighlights the rim of the pitcher
““The Milkmaid” – Jan VermeerThe Milkmaid” – Jan Vermeer
The MilkmaidThe Milkmaid
There is no real sunlight in this There is no real sunlight in this painting.painting.
Vermeer has made you think Vermeer has made you think that there isthat there is By carefully studying how By carefully studying how
different surfaces reflect lightdifferent surfaces reflect light By painting what you would By painting what you would
expect to see in a sunny roomexpect to see in a sunny room
The light seems to reflect off The light seems to reflect off shiny objects likeshiny objects like The white wallThe white wall The wood of the foot warmerThe wood of the foot warmer The floorThe floor
The MilkmaidThe Milkmaid
He also made sure that some things in the painting He also made sure that some things in the painting were quite dark.were quite dark.
The sharp contrast between dark and light makes The sharp contrast between dark and light makes the bright things look even brighter.the bright things look even brighter.
Look at the way Vermeer Look at the way Vermeer has used color.has used color.
He knew that the colors we He knew that the colors we see depend on how much see depend on how much light is falling on them.light is falling on them.
Vermeer makes us think that Vermeer makes us think that sunlight is coming in through sunlight is coming in through the window by makingthe window by making The white of the milkmaid’s hat The white of the milkmaid’s hat The yellow of her dressThe yellow of her dress The blush of her apron The blush of her apron
brightest on the side closest to brightest on the side closest to the window.the window.
The MilkmaidThe Milkmaid
Because the light does Because the light does not reach them, the not reach them, the darker areas aredarker areas are
The back of her skirtThe back of her skirt The bottom of her apronThe bottom of her apron
Compare the bright Compare the bright wall behind the wall behind the milkmaid to the dark milkmaid to the dark wall under the window.wall under the window.
The MilkmaidThe Milkmaid
James CapinJames Capin
Now let’s look at the way another Now let’s look at the way another artist uses light.artist uses light.
This painting is called “Ruby This painting is called “Ruby Green Singing” by the American Green Singing” by the American artist James Capin.artist James Capin.
This painting is the full of light.This painting is the full of light.
Unlike Vermeer, Chapin decided Unlike Vermeer, Chapin decided not not to show the source of the to show the source of the light.light.
In “Ruby Green Singing”, where In “Ruby Green Singing”, where do you think the light is coming do you think the light is coming from?from?
Is it sunlight?Is it sunlight?
““Ruby Green Singing” - James ChapinRuby Green Singing” - James Chapin
Ruby Green SingingRuby Green Singing
How are the dark and light colors in this painting different from the How are the dark and light colors in this painting different from the dark and light colors in “The Milkmaid”?dark and light colors in “The Milkmaid”?
Like the milkmaid in Vermeer’s paintingLike the milkmaid in Vermeer’s painting Ruby Green is the only person in this painting.Ruby Green is the only person in this painting. Her upturned face is framed by her dark hair like the white hat frames Her upturned face is framed by her dark hair like the white hat frames
the milkmaid’s face.the milkmaid’s face. The shadows are beneath her chin.The shadows are beneath her chin.
Ruby Green SingingRuby Green Singing
Look at the flashes Look at the flashes of light in Ruby of light in Ruby Green’s eyes and Green’s eyes and on her teeth. on her teeth.
What does the title What does the title tells us about Ruby tells us about Ruby Green?Green?
What kind of songs What kind of songs do you think she is do you think she is singing? singing?
Why?Why?
Out of the ShadowsOut of the Shadows
Have you ever been Have you ever been surprised by a flash surprised by a flash of lightning in a dark, of lightning in a dark, stormy sky?stormy sky?
The man standing in The man standing in the center of the next the center of the next painting looks as painting looks as though the same though the same thing has just thing has just happened to him!happened to him!
““Belshazzar’s Feast” Belshazzar’s Feast” was painted by the was painted by the Dutch artist Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn.Rembrandt van Rijn.
““Belshazzar’s Feast” - RembrandtBelshazzar’s Feast” - Rembrandt
Out of the ShadowsOut of the Shadows
The painting tells a story from the The painting tells a story from the Bible.Bible.
While King Belshazzar was giving a While King Belshazzar was giving a great feast a handgreat feast a hand
Suddenly appearedSuddenly appeared Wrote a message on the wallWrote a message on the wall Predicting that the king would be Predicting that the king would be
overthrownoverthrown
BelshazzarBelshazzar
Could not read the messageCould not read the message Was astonished by that hand Was astonished by that hand
This painting makes you see how he This painting makes you see how he was surprised.was surprised.
Rembrandt van Rembrandt van RijnRijn
Rembrandt was a Rembrandt was a master at showing sharp master at showing sharp differences between differences between light and shadows.light and shadows.
You can clearly seeYou can clearly see
The profile of King The profile of King Belshazzar Belshazzar
All the details of All the details of Belshazzar’s robeBelshazzar’s robe
You have to strain to You have to strain to seesee
The spaces in the dark The spaces in the dark shadowsshadows
The clothes on the The clothes on the bearded man behind bearded man behind BelshazzarBelshazzar
Rembrandt has used the Rembrandt has used the contrast between dark contrast between dark and light to make the and light to make the scene look more scene look more exciting.exciting.
Reflections of LightReflections of Light
Rembrandt applied dabs Rembrandt applied dabs of white paint to indicate of white paint to indicate reflections from the light.reflections from the light.
There are glints of light onThere are glints of light on
The metal surfacesThe metal surfaces The silky fabricsThe silky fabrics The sparkling jewelsThe sparkling jewels
Can you find other Can you find other highlighted items in the highlighted items in the painting?painting? PearlsPearls The crownThe crown The plate of grapesThe plate of grapes
Facial ExpressionsFacial Expressions
Rembrandt Rembrandt experimented with experimented with light to see how it light to see how it affected people’s affected people’s facial expressions.facial expressions.
““Man with Helmet” - RembrandtMan with Helmet” - Rembrandt
Facial ExpressionsFacial Expressions Stand in front of a mirror in a Stand in front of a mirror in a
well-lit room.well-lit room.
Try moving your Try moving your
EyesEyes EyebrowsEyebrows MouthMouth
Show several different Show several different expressionsexpressions
FearFear AngerAnger Surprise.Surprise.
Now darken the room, then Now darken the room, then shine a flashlight on your face shine a flashlight on your face
From the sideFrom the side AboveAbove Below. Below.
Do your expressions look Do your expressions look different?different?
““Practice what you know, Practice what you know, it will help make clear what it will help make clear what
now you do not know.” now you do not know.”
– Rembrandt van Rijn– Rembrandt van Rijn
Quarter 2Quarter 2
Native American ArtNative American Art
Over and Under Over and Under with Wool and Threadwith Wool and Thread
Here is an image of a Here is an image of a beautiful rug that was beautiful rug that was woven by hand by Navajo woven by hand by Navajo people.people.
It is called as Ganado rug, It is called as Ganado rug, named for a place in named for a place in Arizona.Arizona.
Ganado rugs have Ganado rugs have A red backgroundA red background A dark border around a design A dark border around a design
of diamonds in of diamonds in BlackBlack WhiteWhite GrayGray
Over and Under with Wool Over and Under with Wool and Threadand Thread
We don’t know many of the names of the We don’t know many of the names of the women who have woven these rugs.women who have woven these rugs.
She probablyShe probably
Raised sheepRaised sheep Sheared the sheepSheared the sheep Washed the woolWashed the wool Combed the woolCombed the wool Spun it into threadSpun it into thread Gathered plants to make dyesGathered plants to make dyes Dyed the threads she used for weavingDyed the threads she used for weaving
The Loom & The WeaverThe Loom & The Weaver
A rug like this is woven on a loom.A rug like this is woven on a loom. A loom is a large wooden frame that holds lots of A loom is a large wooden frame that holds lots of
threads strung up and down in the same direction.threads strung up and down in the same direction.
The Loom & The WeaverThe Loom & The Weaver
The weaverThe weaver Laces more threads in and Laces more threads in and
out of the threads on the out of the threads on the loomloom
Pulls the threads tight to Pulls the threads tight to make a piece of clothmake a piece of cloth
Makes sure that the Makes sure that the threads stay tight by threads stay tight by pressing them down and pressing them down and with a wide-toothed combwith a wide-toothed comb
Thinks about the design Thinks about the design that she is makingthat she is making
Chooses the color of her Chooses the color of her next thread with that next thread with that design in minddesign in mind
Just like a painting, this Just like a painting, this work of art has strong lines work of art has strong lines and colors that are and colors that are important in its design.important in its design.
Symmetrical DesignSymmetrical Design You can divide this rug in half two You can divide this rug in half two
ways:ways:
DownDown AcrossAcross
The pattern is symmetrical either The pattern is symmetrical either way.way.
The weaver had to match the The weaver had to match the patternpattern
From side to sideFrom side to side From top to bottomFrom top to bottom
She kept track of everything in She kept track of everything in her head – there were no written her head – there were no written instruction for her to follow.instruction for her to follow.
Woven Woven Materials are Materials are EverywhereEverywhere
Have you ever woven anything?Have you ever woven anything? Maybe you have made a paper Maybe you have made a paper
place mat by weaving strips of place mat by weaving strips of colored paper.colored paper.
Maybe you have made a pot holder Maybe you have made a pot holder by waving colored loops on a by waving colored loops on a frame.frame.
Many pieces of cloth are made Many pieces of cloth are made by weaving.by weaving.
If you look very hard at the If you look very hard at the clothes you are wearing, you clothes you are wearing, you might be able to see the might be able to see the threads that were woven threads that were woven together to make them.together to make them.
A Painting Made Without A Painting Made Without Brushes or PaintBrushes or Paint
Have you ever played with sand Have you ever played with sand on the beach?on the beach?
Poking your finger in it to drawPoking your finger in it to draw Letting handfuls of sand of it Letting handfuls of sand of it
dribble onto a flat surfacedribble onto a flat surface
Can you imagine creating a Can you imagine creating a beautiful work of art on the beautiful work of art on the ground, using handfuls of sand?ground, using handfuls of sand?
This artist took sand and let it This artist took sand and let it flow between his thumb and flow between his thumb and forefinger to make a sand forefinger to make a sand painting.painting.
Every line and shape has been Every line and shape has been made with sand.made with sand.
A Painting Made Without A Painting Made Without Brushes or PaintBrushes or Paint
Sand painting artistsSand painting artists
Make colors by mixing Make colors by mixing ground-up stones with ground-up stones with sandsand
Add flower petalsAdd flower petals Add charcoalAdd charcoal Add flower pollenAdd flower pollen
Some Navajo sand Some Navajo sand paintings are as small.paintings are as small.
Some are large, up to Some are large, up to twenty feet across.twenty feet across.
A Painting Made Without A Painting Made Without Brushes or PaintBrushes or Paint
What you see here is only part of a What you see here is only part of a much larger sand painting.much larger sand painting.
Sand paintings are more than just Sand paintings are more than just beautiful pictures of the Native beautiful pictures of the Native Americans who make them.Americans who make them.
The paintings use symbols ofThe paintings use symbols of
NatureNature The godsThe gods
They often recall ancient stories.They often recall ancient stories.
They are created as part of special They are created as part of special ceremonies, and often they are ceremonies, and often they are created one day and destroyed the created one day and destroyed the next.next.
A Painting Made Without A Painting Made Without Brushes or PaintBrushes or Paint
See if you can find some of the special Navajo symbols in See if you can find some of the special Navajo symbols in this sand painting:this sand painting:
CactusCactus FeathersFeathers RainbowsRainbows Female holy people [have square or rectangle heads]Female holy people [have square or rectangle heads] Male holy people [have round heads] Male holy people [have round heads]
KachinasKachinas Many Pueblo Indians believedMany Pueblo Indians believed
In spirits called kachinasIn spirits called kachinas That different kachinas had That different kachinas had
different powers to help the people different powers to help the people
Pueblo childrenPueblo children
Were given kachina Were given kachina dollsdolls
Learned about the Learned about the ceremonies and ceremonies and their meaning their meaning through the dollsthrough the dolls
MasksMasks
During important During important ceremoniesceremonies
Men dressed up as Men dressed up as kachinas.kachinas.
People danced.People danced. People hoped that People hoped that
the ceremonies the ceremonies would bring them would bring them good luck and good luck and goop crops. goop crops.
Design: Design: How the Elements of Art Work TogetherHow the Elements of Art Work Together
Using Line to DesignUsing Line to Design When you decide to draw a When you decide to draw a
picture, what do you do?picture, what do you do? You begin by drawing lines. You begin by drawing lines. Even a painter designs by using Even a painter designs by using
lines.lines.
Look at how the artist uses lines Look at how the artist uses lines in the next painting, called “The in the next painting, called “The Bath”, painted by the American Bath”, painted by the American artist Mary Cassatt about a artist Mary Cassatt about a hundred years ago.hundred years ago.
In “The Bath”,In “The Bath”, A women is washing a child.A women is washing a child. There is a sense the tenderness There is a sense the tenderness
of mother and child.of mother and child. How does Cassatt show this?How does Cassatt show this?
The way the mother cradles her The way the mother cradles her child on her lapchild on her lap
At how closely their heads are At how closely their heads are drawn togetherdrawn together
““The Bath” - Mary CassattThe Bath” - Mary Cassatt
Using Line to DesignUsing Line to Design Cassatt uses linesCassatt uses lines
To show the connection To show the connection between the woman and her between the woman and her childchild
To help your eyes traveled in To help your eyes traveled in a circle around the paintinga circle around the painting
On the mother’s sleeve and On the mother’s sleeve and leads your eyes to the basin leads your eyes to the basin
Follow the curve of the basinFollow the curve of the basin Then they move back up to see Then they move back up to see
the body of the childthe body of the child Then your eyes look again at the Then your eyes look again at the
heads of the two figuresheads of the two figures
This is part of the artist’s This is part of the artist’s design in this paintingdesign in this painting
Using Line to DesignUsing Line to Design
Cassatt has used Cassatt has used light in her painting, light in her painting, too.too. One side is darker One side is darker
than the other on the than the other on the little girl’s legs.little girl’s legs.
There are glints of There are glints of light in the hair of light in the hair of both mother and child.both mother and child.
Whenever you notice Whenever you notice lines and light in a lines and light in a painting, you are painting, you are noticing the artist’s noticing the artist’s design.design.
Early American QuiltsEarly American Quilts Now let look at the design of a Now let look at the design of a
very useful object.very useful object.
To save time and money, early To save time and money, early Americans made the most out of Americans made the most out of what they had.what they had.
To make a warm quilt theyTo make a warm quilt they Saved their worn-out clothingSaved their worn-out clothing Cut the cloth into piecesCut the cloth into pieces Arranged them in a designArranged them in a design Sewed them together Sewed them together
Often all the women in a town Often all the women in a town would turn their sewing work into would turn their sewing work into a party, called a quilting bee. a party, called a quilting bee.
Making art meant fun for Making art meant fun for
everyone.everyone.
Double Irish ChainDouble Irish Chain The design in this quilt is called The design in this quilt is called
Double Irish Chain. Double Irish Chain.
This design is made by This design is made by
Repeating a shape over and overRepeating a shape over and over Making a regular patternMaking a regular pattern
The shapes inside the lines of The shapes inside the lines of purple and green squares are purple and green squares are symmetrical.symmetrical.
A shape is symmetrical when you A shape is symmetrical when you can fold it in half (maybe just in can fold it in half (maybe just in your imagination) and the halves your imagination) and the halves match perfectly. match perfectly.
What about the entire quilt?What about the entire quilt?
Is its design symmetrical?Is its design symmetrical?
Lines, Shapes, and Colors Lines, Shapes, and Colors MoveMove
The design of this quilt The design of this quilt makes your eyes travelmakes your eyes travel
From square to squareFrom square to square Along all the straight linesAlong all the straight lines Because of the artist’s choice Because of the artist’s choice
of colors.of colors.
Purple and green are Purple and green are secondary colors.secondary colors.
When complementary colors When complementary colors are placed side by side, are placed side by side, they appear more vivid.they appear more vivid.
Other Quilt DesignsOther Quilt Designs
Look at another quilt.Look at another quilt.
We know that the We know that the artistartist
Cut many copies of the Cut many copies of the same shapes out of same shapes out of light blue fabriclight blue fabric
Stitched them in a Stitched them in a regular pattern on the a regular pattern on the a dark blue piece of dark blue piece of fabric fabric
Other Quilt DesignsOther Quilt Designs How many different shapes How many different shapes
do you see?do you see? You probably counted the You probably counted the
dark blue shapesdark blue shapes There are light blue shapes There are light blue shapes
in this design, too in this design, too
The light blue shapes are the The light blue shapes are the figures. figures.
The dark blue shapes are the The dark blue shapes are the ground.ground.
An artist pays attention to An artist pays attention to both the figures and the both the figures and the ground in creating a design.ground in creating a design.
Texture of QuiltsTexture of Quilts
There is another There is another element of design that element of design that adds beauty to these adds beauty to these quilts: texture.quilts: texture. Something you can’t feel Something you can’t feel
from a picture in a book.from a picture in a book. The quilt artist created a The quilt artist created a
lovely texture.lovely texture. If you could run your If you could run your
hands over these quilts, hands over these quilts, you would feel the you would feel the stitches.stitches.
Even the stitches form Even the stitches form part of the design.part of the design.
A Quilt That Tells a StoryA Quilt That Tells a Story Faith Ringgold, an African Faith Ringgold, an African
American artist, makes quilts American artist, makes quilts that tell stories.that tell stories.
Faith Ringgold wrote and Faith Ringgold wrote and illustrated a picture book called illustrated a picture book called Tar Beach [Crown Publishers, Tar Beach [Crown Publishers, 1991], which tells the story of 1991], which tells the story of Cassie Lightfoot.Cassie Lightfoot.
It tells the storyIt tells the story
A girl named Cassie Lightfoot lay A girl named Cassie Lightfoot lay on the tar-covered rooftop of her on the tar-covered rooftop of her building (he “tar beach”)building (he “tar beach”)
She imagined herself flying over She imagined herself flying over the citythe city
Another story, “”The People Another story, “”The People Could Fly,“ also refers to the Could Fly,“ also refers to the feeling of being free.feeling of being free.
Faith RinggoldFaith Ringgold
A Quilt That Tells a StoryA Quilt That Tells a Story Faith Ringgold used the same Faith Ringgold used the same
process of cutting pieces of cloth process of cutting pieces of cloth and stitching them together.and stitching them together.
She created a frame of fabric She created a frame of fabric squares all around the quilt.squares all around the quilt.
There are other frames in the quilt’s There are other frames in the quilt’s design as well.design as well.
One is formed by the lines and colors One is formed by the lines and colors that outline the rooftop. that outline the rooftop.
Another is formed by the colored Another is formed by the colored fabric on which Cassie and her fabric on which Cassie and her brother are lying.brother are lying.
Ringgold also sewed in ten fabric Ringgold also sewed in ten fabric blocks, with words that tell Cassie’s blocks, with words that tell Cassie’s storystory
Five at the topFive at the top Five at the bottomFive at the bottom Are stitched in between bright print Are stitched in between bright print
fabric squares and rectangles.fabric squares and rectangles.
Student quilt project inspired Student quilt project inspired by Faith Ringgoldby Faith Ringgold
DesignDesign We been looking atWe been looking at
Light and shadowLight and shadow Bright colors and dark colorsBright colors and dark colors Shapes and linesShapes and lines A sense of spaceA sense of space
All these different elements All these different elements work together in every work together in every painting.painting.
The word “design” refers to The word “design” refers to the way the artist made the the way the artist made the elements of a piece of art elements of a piece of art work together.work together.
Rosa Rosa BonheurBonheur
This painting is called “The Horse This painting is called “The Horse Fair”.Fair”.
The artist who painted it spent a The artist who painted it spent a
year and a halfyear and a half
Attending horse salesAttending horse sales Studying the animalsStudying the animals Making sketchesMaking sketches
During the entire time, the artist During the entire time, the artist wore a disguise – because she was a wore a disguise – because she was a woman. Her name was Rosa woman. Her name was Rosa Bonheur.Bonheur.
In the 1800’s when Bonheur lived, In the 1800’s when Bonheur lived, only men went to the horse market.only men went to the horse market.
She got permission from the head of She got permission from the head of police and dressed as a man, so no police and dressed as a man, so no one told her to leave.one told her to leave.
““The Horse Fair”The Horse Fair”
Rosa BonheurRosa Bonheur
The Horse FairThe Horse Fair
Look at the way she uses light in “The Horse Fair”.Look at the way she uses light in “The Horse Fair”.
Where do you look first?Where do you look first? Most people look first atMost people look first at
The light colored horsesThe light colored horses The white shirts of the men near themThe white shirts of the men near them
Bonheur has made those horse and men seem toBonheur has made those horse and men seem to Form a ringForm a ring Move in a circle.Move in a circle.
You can almost feel all the motion in the painting.You can almost feel all the motion in the painting.
The Horse FairThe Horse Fair Look at all the Look at all the
diagonal lines, made diagonal lines, made byby The legs of the horsesThe legs of the horses The bodies of the The bodies of the
menmen
Can you see the Can you see the push and pull?push and pull?
The zigzag lines of The zigzag lines of some of the horses’ some of the horses’ legs make themlegs make them AliveAlive Moving.Moving.
The Horse FairThe Horse Fair
““The Horse Fair” is said to The Horse Fair” is said to be the largest animal be the largest animal painting ever donepainting ever done
More than sixteen feet long More than sixteen feet long and eight feet highand eight feet high
Large enough to cover a Large enough to cover a wallwall
The painting makes such a The painting makes such a strong impression becausestrong impression because
It is bigIt is big The artist’s design includes The artist’s design includes
so much movement and so much movement and energyenergy
““The Horse Fair - Rosa Bonheur”The Horse Fair - Rosa Bonheur”
A Very Formal A Very Formal RoomRoom
An African American artist An African American artist named Horace Pippin named Horace Pippin painted “Victorian Interior”.painted “Victorian Interior”.
Horace PippinHorace Pippin Taught himselfTaught himself Never went to art schoolNever went to art school Had paintings, like the Had paintings, like the
quilts, belong to a category quilts, belong to a category of art called folk artof art called folk art
Folk art isFolk art is The art of everyday lifeThe art of everyday life Created by people who did Created by people who did
not study art in schoolnot study art in school
This paintingThis painting
Does not seem to have a Does not seem to have a lot of depthlot of depth
It looks quite flatIt looks quite flat Has a design that is not Has a design that is not
exactly symmetricalexactly symmetrical Does have balanceDoes have balance Has shapes on one side Has shapes on one side
that are similar in size to that are similar in size to the shapes on the otherthe shapes on the other
““Victorian Interior” - Horace Victorian Interior” - Horace PippinPippin
A Very Formal RoomA Very Formal Room Pippin made many design Pippin made many design
decisions as he useddecisions as he used
LinesLines ColorsColors
What makes the rug look so What makes the rug look so lively and bright?lively and bright?
Is it made of complementary Is it made of complementary colors? colors?
Are there more straight or Are there more straight or curved lines in the room?curved lines in the room?
How many circles and ovals?How many circles and ovals? How many rectangles and How many rectangles and
squares? squares? How many shapes are painted How many shapes are painted
red?red? Notice how the delicate lines Notice how the delicate lines
of the white lace doilies break of the white lace doilies break up the heavy, solid furniture.up the heavy, solid furniture.
““My heart tells my mind My heart tells my mind what to draw.” what to draw.”
– Horace Pippin– Horace Pippin
Picturing an Picturing an IdeaIdea The Quakers The Quakers
Came to America looking Came to America looking for religious freedomfor religious freedom
Settled in PennsylvaniaSettled in Pennsylvania Hoped to live in peaceHoped to live in peace
Look at this painting by Look at this painting by a Quaker artist named a Quaker artist named Edward Hicks.Edward Hicks.
Do you see anything Do you see anything unusual?unusual? All those animals All those animals
together in one place!together in one place! The little children are The little children are
with the animals.with the animals. The people are in the The people are in the
background.background.
““The Peaceable Kingdom”The Peaceable Kingdom” - Edward Hicks- Edward Hicks
Picturing an IdeaPicturing an Idea The painting is called “The The painting is called “The
Peaceable Kingdom”.Peaceable Kingdom”.
In this painting, he was In this painting, he was trying totrying to Express a very important Express a very important
idea from the Bibleidea from the Bible The artist was probably The artist was probably
remembering these lines remembering these lines from the Bible: from the Bible:
““The wolf shall dwell with The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid: shall lie down with the kid: and the calf and the young and the calf and the young lion and the fatling [or lion and the fatling [or young, fattened animal] young, fattened animal] together; and a little child together; and a little child shall lead them.” shall lead them.”
These lines describe a These lines describe a perfect world of peace, perfect world of peace, which is what the Quakers which is what the Quakers hoped their new home in hoped their new home in America would be.America would be.
How does the painting How does the painting express this idea of a express this idea of a peaceable world?peaceable world?
The Peaceable KingdomThe Peaceable Kingdom
This painting is very This painting is very three-dimensional.three-dimensional.
Hicks painted two Hicks painted two scenes in one painting.scenes in one painting.
The children and the The children and the animals are painted in animals are painted in the foreground.the foreground.
We can see each shape We can see each shape clearly because of the clearly because of the way Hicks placed dark way Hicks placed dark shapes next to light shapes next to light ones.ones.
The Peaceable KingdomThe Peaceable Kingdom The Native Americans and the The Native Americans and the
Quakers are painted in the Quakers are painted in the backgroundbackground Much smaller Much smaller To show that they are far wayTo show that they are far way
None of them are looking out None of them are looking out from the painting.from the painting. They just look at each other.They just look at each other. They are busy with their They are busy with their
meeting.meeting.
What do you think they are What do you think they are saying to each other?saying to each other?
The Peaceable KingdomThe Peaceable Kingdom
What do you think the foreground scene What do you think the foreground scene has to do with the background scene?has to do with the background scene?
Are they both about living in peace?Are they both about living in peace?
The The Peaceable Peaceable KingdomKingdom
Edward Hicks thought living in peace was so important Edward Hicks thought living in peace was so important that he created more than fifty paintings to convey that that he created more than fifty paintings to convey that idea.idea.
Can You Feel It?Can You Feel It? What is your first What is your first
reaction when you look reaction when you look at this painting created at this painting created by the Norwegian artist by the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch?Edvard Munch?
Most people lookMost people look
First at the face of the First at the face of the figure in the foregroundfigure in the foreground
Find the wavy lines and Find the wavy lines and the colors in the the colors in the background strange. background strange.
Did you expect a red Did you expect a red sky?sky?
Can You Feel It?Can You Feel It?
The artist called this The artist called this painting “The painting “The Scream”.Scream”.
Munch explainedMunch explained One day he was walking One day he was walking
with some friendswith some friends Suddenly all of nature Suddenly all of nature
seemed to cry outseemed to cry out He put his hands to his He put his hands to his
ears to close out the ears to close out the screamscream
““The Scream” – Edvard MunchThe Scream” – Edvard Munch
The ScreamThe Scream Look at the pale hands Look at the pale hands
and skull-like head of and skull-like head of the central figure. How the central figure. How would you describe his would you describe his expression?expression?
Fear? Fear? Terror? Terror? Surprise? Surprise?
His body seems unable His body seems unable to bear the emotionto bear the emotion Seems wavySeems wavy Like it might collapseLike it might collapse
The ScreamThe Scream
In the midst of all that In the midst of all that is swirling around, is swirling around, only the bridge seemsonly the bridge seems
StraightStraight SolidSolid
We see these We see these contrasts because of contrasts because of decisions the artist decisions the artist made in his design.made in his design.
The ExpressionistsThe Expressionists
Munch belonged to a group of artists called the Expressionists.Munch belonged to a group of artists called the Expressionists.
Expressionist artists tried to show their innermost feelings in their Expressionist artists tried to show their innermost feelings in their art.art.
Munch had a lot of sadness in his life. Can you see it expressed in Munch had a lot of sadness in his life. Can you see it expressed in his work?his work?
““Nature is not only all that Nature is not only all that is visible to the eye… is visible to the eye…
it also includes the inner it also includes the inner pictures of the soul.” pictures of the soul.”
– Edvard Munch– Edvard Munch
Quarter 3Quarter 3
SpaceSpace
Filling the SpaceFilling the Space Plane FiguresPlane Figures
CirclesCircles TrianglesTriangles SquaresSquares
Solid FiguresSolid Figures SpheresSpheres PyramidsPyramids Cubes Cubes
An artist begins in An artist begins in two dimensions:two dimensions: HeightHeight WidthWidth
An artist creates An artist creates something that looks something that looks like it has three like it has three dimensions:dimensions:
HeightHeight WidthWidth DepthDepth
Filling the SpaceFilling the Space
Filling the SpaceFilling the Space A painter starts with a flat A painter starts with a flat
planeplane A wallA wall A piece of paperA piece of paper A piece of clothA piece of cloth
A painter paints shapes A painter paints shapes that are supposed to look that are supposed to look solid.solid.
How does a painter make How does a painter make something that lookssomething that looks Round?Round? Thick?Thick? Deep?Deep? Far away?Far away?
PerspectivPerspectivee
Look out a window.Look out a window. Some of the things you see are Some of the things you see are
farther away than others.farther away than others. Those things appear smaller, and Those things appear smaller, and
may be partially blocked from may be partially blocked from your view by other things that your view by other things that are closer to you.are closer to you.
You cannot see the trees behind You cannot see the trees behind your neighbor’s house as clearly your neighbor’s house as clearly as you can see the tree in your as you can see the tree in your own yard.own yard.
The tree far away The tree far away
Are not as clearAre not as clear Have their colors are not as Have their colors are not as
brightbright Seems smaller, even though you Seems smaller, even though you
know that they are as big as the know that they are as big as the tree closer uptree closer up
Three Parts to a PictureThree Parts to a Picture What you are seeing What you are seeing
can be divided into can be divided into three parts:three parts: The ForegroundThe Foreground
(Those things closest to (Those things closest to you, like your tree)you, like your tree)
The BackgroundThe Background (Those things farthest (Those things farthest from you, like the trees from you, like the trees in back of the house)in back of the house)
The Middle GroundThe Middle Ground (Those things between (Those things between the foreground and the the foreground and the background, like the background, like the house)house)
Jean-Francois MilletJean-Francois Millet Many paintings also have Many paintings also have
a foreground, a foreground, background, and middle background, and middle ground.ground.
This painting is a farm This painting is a farm scene called “The scene called “The Gleaners”, painted by the Gleaners”, painted by the French artist Jean-French artist Jean-Francois Millet.Francois Millet.
The central figures in the The central figures in the painting are three women painting are three women who are gleaning, or who are gleaning, or gathering what is left in a gathering what is left in a field after the harvest.field after the harvest.
““The Gleaners” - Jean-Francois MilletThe Gleaners” - Jean-Francois Millet
The ForegroundThe Foreground
Millet makes you focus on the women by painting themMillet makes you focus on the women by painting them
LargerLarger With more brightly colors than anything else in the paintingWith more brightly colors than anything else in the painting
While their faces are not visible, you can see the detail ofWhile their faces are not visible, you can see the detail of
Their clothesTheir clothes The stalks they hold in their handsThe stalks they hold in their hands
The Middle GroundThe Middle Ground
You see a wagonYou see a wagon Several large stacks of grainSeveral large stacks of grain Many peopleMany people
In these shapesIn these shapes
There is hardly any detailThere is hardly any detail The colors are much more paleThe colors are much more pale They seem little more than dabs of paintThey seem little more than dabs of paint
The BackgroundThe Background
The buildings and trees far are even The buildings and trees far are even smaller.smaller.
They seem out of focus, so pale they They seem out of focus, so pale they seem to fade away.seem to fade away.
The Peasant’s WeddingThe Peasant’s Wedding
This painting is called This painting is called “Peasant Wedding”“Peasant Wedding”
This is a view of a room This is a view of a room filled with peasants, poor filled with peasants, poor farm people like the women farm people like the women in “The Gleaners”.in “The Gleaners”.
Have you ever heard of a Have you ever heard of a wedding in a barn?wedding in a barn?
When the artist, Pieter When the artist, Pieter Brueghel, was painting in Brueghel, was painting in northern Europe, peasant northern Europe, peasant families would hold families would hold weddings in barns.weddings in barns.
The Peasant’s WeddingThe Peasant’s Wedding
Brueghel has kept the picture from looking too Brueghel has kept the picture from looking too crowded by placing peoplecrowded by placing people In the foregroundIn the foreground In the middle groundIn the middle ground In the backgroundIn the background
““Peasant Wedding” – Pieter BrueghelPeasant Wedding” – Pieter Brueghel
What happens to the size of the faces and bodies of the What happens to the size of the faces and bodies of the people as you look down the table?people as you look down the table?
Can you see the people waiting to enter the room? Did Can you see the people waiting to enter the room? Did Brueghel paint them with the same amount of detail as the Brueghel paint them with the same amount of detail as the people in the front?people in the front?
Brueghel used the brightest colors in the foreground. Brueghel used the brightest colors in the foreground. The colors in the background almost blend with the walls. The colors in the background almost blend with the walls. The bride, seated in front of the dark green cloth, has pale skin. The bride, seated in front of the dark green cloth, has pale skin.
The hat hanging above her hair makes her stand out. The hat hanging above her hair makes her stand out.
To what are the guest paying the most attention?To what are the guest paying the most attention?
The Peasant’s WeddingThe Peasant’s Wedding
Drawing with Scissors Drawing with Scissors ProjectProject
1.1. Look at example of some of Matisse’s cut paper Look at example of some of Matisse’s cut paper creations.creations.
2.2. Read the title of the picture and figure out why it Read the title of the picture and figure out why it has that name.has that name.
3.3. Cut out your own big, medium sized and small Cut out your own big, medium sized and small shapes. Be creative.shapes. Be creative.
4.4. Imagine what it would be like to not be able to Imagine what it would be like to not be able to paint but be able to make large pictures out of paint but be able to make large pictures out of cut paper and glue.cut paper and glue.
5.5. Arrange the shapes around your big piece of Arrange the shapes around your big piece of construction paper. Make a good design.construction paper. Make a good design.
6.6. Glue the big shapes first, Glue the big shapes first, medium sized shapes medium sized shapes second,second, and small shapes thirdand small shapes third onto your onto your background.background.
7.7. Make a title for your creation. Make a title for your creation.
Drawing with ScissorsDrawing with Scissors For years, the French artist For years, the French artist
Henri Matisse painted bright, Henri Matisse painted bright, colorful pictures.colorful pictures.
He became too ill to stand at He became too ill to stand at an easel.an easel.
He started cutting out paper He started cutting out paper figures and gluing them onto figures and gluing them onto a ground.a ground.
He madeHe made CollagesCollages Works of art made of picturesWorks of art made of pictures Papers pasted together in a Papers pasted together in a
designdesign
IcarusIcarus One of Matisse's’ One of Matisse's’
collages is called collages is called “Icarus”, after a Greek “Icarus”, after a Greek myth.myth. Icarus’s father, Icarus’s father,
Daedalus, made wings Daedalus, made wings out of wax and feathers.out of wax and feathers.
They fastened the wings They fastened the wings and began to soarand began to soar
Icarus – against his Icarus – against his father’s warnings – flew father’s warnings – flew too close to the sun. too close to the sun.
The wax in his wings The wax in his wings meltedmelted
Icarus fell into the sea.Icarus fell into the sea. ““Icarus” - MatisseIcarus” - Matisse
IcarusIcarus
Which part of this story do you think Matisse’s collage tells?Which part of this story do you think Matisse’s collage tells?
The arms and shoulders of the figures are curved like wings.The arms and shoulders of the figures are curved like wings. He does not seem to be flying.He does not seem to be flying. It looks as though gravity is pulling his body down.It looks as though gravity is pulling his body down.
IcarusIcarus
His right leg hangs a bit His right leg hangs a bit below the below the blueblue backgroundbackground
What do you think Matisse What do you think Matisse meant by this?meant by this?
Do you think the blue is Do you think the blue is The sky?The sky?
The sea?The sea?
IcarusIcarus
Did you notice the Did you notice the bright bright yellowyellow shapes? shapes?
They could be They could be FeathersFeathers StarsStars
Their sharp straight Their sharp straight lines contrast with the lines contrast with the curves of the figure.curves of the figure.
They seem to be moving They seem to be moving right off the page. right off the page.
IcarusIcarus
What about the What about the tiny tiny redred oval? oval?
Matisse chose to Matisse chose to show Icarus’s heart show Icarus’s heart instead of his face.instead of his face.
Why?Why?
““I draw with scissors.” I draw with scissors.”
– Henri Matisse– Henri Matisse
Story TimeStory Time
A Color WheelA Color Wheel
A color wheel A color wheel shows the three shows the three primary colorsprimary colors
RedRed YellowYellow BlueBlue
A Color WheelA Color Wheel
In between the In between the primary colors are primary colors are the secondary colorsthe secondary colors OrangeOrange GreenGreen PurplePurple
Secondary colors Secondary colors are made by mixing are made by mixing the primary colors.the primary colors.
A Color WheelA Color Wheel
Complimentary Complimentary colors are found colors are found opposite one opposite one another on the another on the color wheel.color wheel.
Can you name the Can you name the three pairs of three pairs of complimentary complimentary colors on this color colors on this color wheel?wheel?
Quarter 4Quarter 4
Ancient Rome and Ancient Rome and Byzantine CivilizationsByzantine Civilizations
Speaking of SpaceSpeaking of Space
The floor is divided into rectangles to the doorway.The floor is divided into rectangles to the doorway.
In the distant background, you see tiny figures In the distant background, you see tiny figures walking out through enormous gates.walking out through enormous gates.
Speaking of SpaceSpeaking of Space Panini has usedPanini has used
LinesLines ShapesShapes ColorColor ShadowShadow
All those elements to All those elements to make a two-make a two-dimensional painting dimensional painting look like a three-look like a three-dimensional scenedimensional scene
So high that you see So high that you see the clouds in the in the clouds in the in skysky
So wide that you see So wide that you see sunlight spreading sunlight spreading and many people and many people insideinside
So deep that you So deep that you see far, far away see far, far away through the gates of through the gates of the building.the building.
Speaking of SpaceSpeaking of Space This painting is called the “The This painting is called the “The
Interior of the Pantheon”.Interior of the Pantheon”.
This painting, created by an This painting, created by an Italian artist named Giovanni Italian artist named Giovanni Panini, shows the Pantheon in the Panini, shows the Pantheon in the eighteenth century, when Panini eighteenth century, when Panini was alive.was alive.
Imagine standing in the middle of Imagine standing in the middle of this room and looking up.this room and looking up.
You would feel very small.You would feel very small. Look how small the artist made Look how small the artist made
the figures in this painting, to the figures in this painting, to convey that sense of the space.convey that sense of the space.
The vertical line of the columns The vertical line of the columns lead your eyes upwards to the lead your eyes upwards to the huge curved roof.huge curved roof.
The panels in the dome become The panels in the dome become smaller and their lines fade into smaller and their lines fade into the shadows, the closer they are the shadows, the closer they are to the top.to the top.
““The Interior of the Pantheon” The Interior of the Pantheon” - Giovanni Panini- Giovanni Panini
The PantheonThe Pantheon
Is a real building in RomeIs a real building in Rome Was built by a Roman emperor in the second century Was built by a Roman emperor in the second century
ADAD Is a building with a huge domed ceiling and a window Is a building with a huge domed ceiling and a window
through which you can see the sky.through which you can see the sky.
Byzantine Mosaic Portrait Byzantine Mosaic Portrait ProjectProject
1.1. Look at example of some of Byzantine mosaics and Look at example of some of Byzantine mosaics and examples of how Byzantine people dressed.examples of how Byzantine people dressed.
2.2. Cut out and trace the portrait outline on your white Cut out and trace the portrait outline on your white board.board.
3.3. Write the name of your Byzantine person on the Write the name of your Byzantine person on the front of the picture.front of the picture.
4.4. Draw the details your face and hair inside the shape.Draw the details your face and hair inside the shape.5.5. Dress your portrait up in Byzantine style: hats, Dress your portrait up in Byzantine style: hats,
crowns & clothes.crowns & clothes.6.6. Outline your lines with a permanent marker.Outline your lines with a permanent marker.7.7. Paint your face and hair with multicultural paint.Paint your face and hair with multicultural paint.8.8. Paint the background and clothes with metallic Paint the background and clothes with metallic
paint.paint.9.9. Glue mosaic tiles on your portrait’s clothes.Glue mosaic tiles on your portrait’s clothes.10.10. Image light shining off of your portrait. Image light shining off of your portrait.
A Wall Filled with LightA Wall Filled with Light
A mosaic is made A mosaic is made fromfrom
Thousands of tiny Thousands of tiny pieces of colored pieces of colored glassglass
JewelsJewels Precious metalsPrecious metals Pieces fitted Pieces fitted
together like a together like a puzzle.puzzle.
Byzantine ArtByzantine Art
Byzantine artists Byzantine artists used gold to remind used gold to remind people of heaven.people of heaven.
Imagine how it would Imagine how it would feel to be in a room feel to be in a room full of mosaics full of mosaics shimmering with all shimmering with all the colors if the the colors if the rainbow!rainbow!
Byzantine ArtByzantine Art
Many great work of art were created when the Byzantine Many great work of art were created when the Byzantine Empire was strongest (from about AD 400 to 1400).Empire was strongest (from about AD 400 to 1400).
Since Christianity was so important, much of this art was made Since Christianity was so important, much of this art was made
for churches.for churches.
This mosaic honors the empress Theodora because she and This mosaic honors the empress Theodora because she and here husband built many new Christian churches.here husband built many new Christian churches.
San VitaleSan Vitale The mosaic you The mosaic you
see here shows see here shows The empress The empress
TheodoraTheodora The empress The empress
Theodora’s court Theodora’s court
In World History In World History you can read you can read about Theodora’s about Theodora’s husbandhusband The emperor The emperor
JustinianJustinian Ruler of the Ruler of the
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
This mosaic is a good This mosaic is a good example of Byzantine example of Byzantine Art.Art.
San VitaleSan Vitale
The mosaic in San Vitale The mosaic in San Vitale
Looks as if it is filled with light.Looks as if it is filled with light. Has much of the background made of Has much of the background made of
gold, which catches and reflects the gold, which catches and reflects the light light
coming through windowscoming through windows from candlesfrom candles
Can you tell which figure is Can you tell which figure is Theodora in the mosaic?Theodora in the mosaic?
She is the tallest figureShe is the tallest figure She is carrying a golden cupShe is carrying a golden cup
What else makes her more What else makes her more noticeable than the other?noticeable than the other?
San San VitaleVitale
If you visited San If you visited San Vital, you would Vital, you would see that this see that this mosaicmosaic Is largeIs large Has figures that Has figures that
are almost life-are almost life-size size
Just think how Just think how many tiny many tiny squares it took to squares it took to make Theodora!make Theodora!
Hagia SofiaHagia Sofia
Is the most famous building from the Byzantine EmpireIs the most famous building from the Byzantine Empire Is in the city of Istanbul, Turkey, which is the modern name for Is in the city of Istanbul, Turkey, which is the modern name for
ConstantinopleConstantinople Was built as a Christian church Was built as a Christian church Was destroyed by fires and earthquakes that damaged it, was Was destroyed by fires and earthquakes that damaged it, was
rebuilt by the people of Constantinoplerebuilt by the people of Constantinople Later became a mosque Later became a mosque Is a museum, todayIs a museum, today
Hagia SofiaHagia Sofia
Its largest domeIts largest dome
102 feet across102 feet across 180 feet above the 180 feet above the
floorfloor
Le Pont du GardLe Pont du Gard
The Romans built their aqueducts so well that you The Romans built their aqueducts so well that you can still see some today.can still see some today.
In France, cars now drive over the Pont du Gard, In France, cars now drive over the Pont du Gard, which was builtwhich was built
As an aqueduct by the Romans As an aqueduct by the Romans In 19 B.C.In 19 B.C.
When in Rome, When in Rome, do as the Romans do.do as the Romans do.
References
Text fromText from Hirsh, Jr., E.D. (2006). What Your
Fifth Grader Needs to Know. New York, NY: Bantam Dell Inc.
Hirsh, Jr., E.D. (2005). Grade 3 Teacher Handbook. Charlottesville, VA: Core Knowledge Foundation.
Photo References
Images from Google Image Search.
[Online]. Available: http://images.google.com/.
Wikimedia Commons Search. [On-line]. Available:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page.
CreditsCredits
The photo of the Navajo Blacket on page 36. 41 and 42 by Durova under the The photo of the Navajo Blacket on page 36. 41 and 42 by Durova under the following license following license http://http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/..
The photo of the Ruby Green Singing on pages 25-27 was uploaded by The photo of the Ruby Green Singing on pages 25-27 was uploaded by http://http://flickr.com/photos/inconstanti/23391944/flickr.com/photos/inconstanti/23391944/..
The photo of Faith Ringgold portrait on page 59 was taken by the AP Britannica. The photo of Faith Ringgold portrait on page 59 was taken by the AP Britannica. [On-line]. Available: http://www.britannica.com/..
The photo of Kachinas on page 47 were taken by Tom Bean/Corbis Britannica.The photo of Kachinas on page 47 were taken by Tom Bean/Corbis Britannica.[On-line]. Available: http://www.britannica.com/..
