WASH Sector Coordination Model in Kenya

Acknowledgements WESCOORD - Jane Maonga-Jones (UNICEF) and Eliud Wamwangi (MoWI)

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Sudden unexpected situations that pose immediate risk to health, life, property or environment…

Slow-onset disasters that take a long time to produce emergency conditions…

What is an emergency in Kenya’s context??…

Kenya: Disaster Profile

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Conflict hotspots

Kenya: A recent history of Natural and Man-made Disasters

Year Type of disaster Area of Coverage No. of People affected2011 Drought Arid and semi-Arid areas 3 Million 2009 Drought Arid and semi-Arid areas 1 Million 2007/8 Post-election Violence Widespread 1500(deaths) 500,000(displaced)2005/6 Drought then Floods Widespread 3 Million + 2004 Landslides Nyeri, Othaya, Kihuri 5 deaths 2002 Landslides Meru Central, Muranga, Nandi 2,000 2002 Floods Nyanza, Busia, Tana river basin 150,000 1999/2000 La Nina Drought Widespread 4.4 million 1997/98 El Nino Flood Widespread 1.5 million 1997 Post-election Violence Rift valley/Coast 300,000 (displaced)1995/96 Drought Widespread 1.41 million 1992 Post-election Violence Rift valley/Western/Nyanza 127 (deaths) 120,000 (displaced) 1991/92 Drought Arid and semi-Arid districts 1.5 million 1985 Floods Nyanza and Western 10,000 1983/84 Drought Widespread 200,000 1982 Floods Nyanza 4,000 1980 Drought Widespread 40,000 1977 Drought Widespread 20,000 1975 Drought Widespread 16,000

Source : (Part of it) Republic of Kenya National Policy on Disaster Management (2004 - revised Draft)

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National Crisis Response Steering Committee Chair: Prime Minister

Members: Cabinet Sub-Committee on Food Security

Crisis Response Centre (CRC)

Co-ordinator: PS/MOSSP Deputy Co-ordinator: OPM

Members: OP/PA&IS, MOSD, MOA, MOE, MOMS, MW&I, MOF, MOLD, MOPHS, MOYAS, MoSDNK

Crisis Consultative Forum Chair: CRC Co-Chair; UN-OCHA Members: Sector Working Groups

(GOK, UN Lead Organizations, Development Partners, NGOs)

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene

Health Agric. & Livestock

Shelter Food Logistics/ Transport Education

District Steering Groups

Service Organizations National Disaster Operation Centre Data Information System (DISK) of the

Kenya Food Security Steering Group) Kenya Meteorological Department

Emergency-affected communities

Key OP Office of the President OPM Office of the Prime Minister PA&IS Provincial Administration &Internal Security MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOE Ministry of Education MW&I Ministry of Water and Irrigation MOF Ministry of Finance MOLD Ministry of Livestock Development MOPHS Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation MOYAS Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports MoSDNK Ministry of State for Development of Northern Kenya MOMS Ministry of Medical Service

Protection Nutrition

Government of Kenya Coordination Structures for Emergency Response

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2001:

WESCOORD formed as a

sector working group under the

Kenya Food Security

Steering Group to respond to the drought emergency

2005:

Cluster system

activated globally - but not in

Kenya

2007:

A review of the humanitarian coordination structures

recommends inclusion of

other hazards besides drought

2008:

Activation of the Cluster system in Kenya to

respond to Post Election

Violence.

2009: 10 Clusters -

including WESCOORD are handed over to the GoK line

ministries.

2011:

Horn of Africa drought crisis.

MoWI take lead in the

response, with UNICEF

taking on the role of sector

co-leads

2012: Looking Beyond Drought

Emergencies

TIMELINE: WASH Sector Coordination in Kenya

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Key Sectors/Actors involved in WESCOORD

MoWI

MoPHS

Local/ International

WASH implementing

agencies

UNICEF

Nutrition

Health

Education

Primary actors

Secondary actors

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WASH Sector Coordination Structure: National

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Water

Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion

Chair (MoPHS)

Info Mngt TWG

Sanitation &

(FAO/OGB)

WESCOORD support officer -

Secretariat

WESCOORD support officer -

KFSSG

WESCOORD support officer -

KFSSG

Officer

WASH Sector Coordination Structure: Sub-National level

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Dist

rict S

teer

ing

Gro

up

WESCOORD Chair/

District Water Officer

WESCOORD Co-chair/ District Public Health Officer

Focal WASH Agency (NGO)

Local & International WASH Actors

District WESCOORD Executive Committee

Members of the National WESCOORD Strategic Advisory Group

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WORLD CARES

MoWIMoPHS

Some outputs from the WASH Sector TWGs• National Water Policy (2012)• National Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Policy (2012/draft)• Draft Cholera Prevention and Control Plan (2011)• Flood Mitigation Strategy (MoWI - 2010)• Household Water Treatment and Storage Guidelines (2012)• National School Health Policy (2009)• Cholera EPR training• Sub-national coordination training

Other contributions:• WASH Sector preparedness and response plans (CAP)• Emergency Water Trucking Policy Briefing Paper (2009) – • WESCOORD Emergency Water Trucking Guidelines (2011)• WESCOORD Cholera Strategy (2011)• Community Water Management Committees Training manual

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WASH: Who is doing What Where (in Kenya) - as of September 2012

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WESCOORD: December 2011

WESCOORD 4Ws Partners Responding

Jul Aug Sep OctWESCOORD 4W Partners responding 2011

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

25

37

56

80

WESCOORD: December 2011

www.wescoord.or.ke

What else is on the website? • Hygiene Promotion WG page

• District pages – Garissa/Wajir up’n running ……

• Links to other interesting stuff…..For instance Majidata = urban WASH data; GOK WRMA (permits and info.)Technical resources incl. Sand dams, EWT guidelines, etc.

• Kenya = Hybrid model (sector leadership using cluster approach)• This model provides an opportunity for integration of long-term

programming in humanitarian response planning (focus on DRR)• Advocacy from within: “Positioning” of humanitarian issues with relevant

line ministries (through TWGs) to influence policy decisions• Coordination capacity: Double-hatting nature of WESCOORD

government staff roles makes effective coordination difficult• Sense of urgency to deal with rapid onset emergencies lacking in

government officers - who are also involved in development work• Mismatched priorities? WASH Sector focus on resilience building/ DRR

efforts not adequately backed by donor funding• What do “they” know that “we” don’t?? Political correctness affects how

certain humanitarian issues are addressed (e.g. contingency planning efforts for the upcoming elections)

Lessons Learnt from the Coordination Model… so far:

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WESCOORD: December 2011

Some (two) Challenges….

• Positioning WESCOORD in the Sector/Ministry.

ReliefRecoveryResiliance (Devt.)• Maintaining WESCOORD’s

momentum

2007/8 2011/12 201?

Highlights for Jan/Feb 2012

• Sub-national Coordination Training:

1. Turkana, W. Pokot, Baringo

2. Mandera, Wajir, Garissa, T River

3. Samburu, Isiolo, Marsabit (Moyale)

4. Coast

• Sand Dam Symposium.

• IM Training Garissa• Launch TOT Manual

Community WR Manag’t

What Next?In country:• Formalize Coordination role: Partnership Agreement Framework between the WASH line

Ministries. • WESCOORD as Platform for integration of long-term programming with humanitarian

response for sustainability• Focus on Emergency preparedness DRR/ Resilience building approaches • Local/ national coordination capacity building• Devolution Politics and WASH: Opportunities in the new constitution (integrating the WASH

sector into decentralized structures at sub-national levels - counties)

Regional/Global WASH Cluster support:1. Surge capacities in time of crisis - especially for sudden onset emergencies 2. Support to adapt GWC tools to the Kenyan context 3. Documentation and sharing of WASH sector best practices (structures, processes,

approaches, etc.) 4. Support resource mobilization efforts (lobbying for funding for preparedness/DRR/recovery

actions)5. Support efforts for capacity building (e.g. on emergency preparedness and contingency

planning)GoK

What lessons for us?• Similarities but also differences

– Different ministries engagement/line ministry changes– Even with almost constant crisis participation fluctuates in Kenya.

How to keep members interested & engaged?– Sub national challenges

• Sector coordination (for development) v. emergency preparedness and response. Equal needs.– Maintain emergency task force/SAG?– TWGs

• Information: a critical need. • Ministry unlikely to manage on its own (UNICEF traditionally

provides support) – Provinces?

Asante sana!

Thank you!

cartoons from WESCOORD annual report: ex World Bank Water & Sanitation Programme