ACIDS AND BASESACIDS AND BASES

By: Farhana M. Lucman By: Farhana M. Lucman iii-iii-neonneon

Kathreena C. LaguraKathreena C. Lagura

What are the physical What are the physical and chemical behavior of and chemical behavior of

acids and bases?acids and bases? Acids taste sour, are corrosive to metals, Acids taste sour, are corrosive to metals,

change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red, and become less acidic when mixed with red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases..

Bases feel slippery, change litmus blue, and Bases feel slippery, change litmus blue, and become less basic when mixed with     become less basic when mixed with     acids..

How do we differentiate How do we differentiate an acid from a base?an acid from a base?

Acids:Acids:· release a hydrogen ion into water · release a hydrogen ion into water (aqueous) solution.(aqueous) solution.

· neutralize bases in a neutralization · neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction.reaction.

· corrode active metals.· corrode active metals.

· turn blue litmus to red.· turn blue litmus to red.

·  taste sour.·  taste sour.

Bases:Bases:

· release a hydroxide · release a hydroxide ion into water ion into water solution.solution.

· neutralize acids in a neutralization · neutralize acids in a neutralization reaction.   reaction.   

· denature protein.· denature protein.

· turn red litmus to blue.· turn red litmus to blue.

· taste bitter.· taste bitter.

How are the strength of How are the strength of acids and bases identified?acids and bases identified?

The strength of acids and bases are The strength of acids and bases are identified through the amount acid identified through the amount acid quality of a solution that depends upon quality of a solution that depends upon the concentration of ionized hydrogens. the concentration of ionized hydrogens.

How are acids and bases How are acids and bases quantified?quantified?

DiproticDiprotic - has two ionizable hydrogens per formula - has two ionizable hydrogens per formula (or two mols of ionizable hydrogen per mol of acid). (or two mols of ionizable hydrogen per mol of acid).

MonoproticMonoprotic -  having only one ionizable proton per -  having only one ionizable proton per formula. Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is a weak acid.formula. Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is a weak acid.

TriproticTriprotic - has three hydrogen ions available to - has three hydrogen ions available to ionize and lose as a proton, and so phosphoric acid ionize and lose as a proton, and so phosphoric acid

PolyproticPolyprotic - with two or more ionizable hydrogens - with two or more ionizable hydrogens

What are pH indicators?What are pH indicators?

A pH indicator is aA pH indicator is a halochromic chemicalchemical compound that is added in small that is added in small amounts to aamounts to a solution so that the pH so that the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually. Hence a pH indicator determined visually. Hence a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (H3O+) or hydrogen ions(H+) in the (H3O+) or hydrogen ions(H+) in the Arrhenius model. Normally, the indicator Arrhenius model. Normally, the indicator causes the color of the solution to change causes the color of the solution to change dependingon the pH. dependingon the pH.

What are common What are common applications/uses of acids applications/uses of acids

and bases?and bases?Acids and bases can be found everywhere in the world Acids and bases can be found everywhere in the world

around us. Lactic acid occurs in sour milk, citric acid in citrus around us. Lactic acid occurs in sour milk, citric acid in citrus fruits, oxalic acid in rhubarb, malic acid in apples, and tartaric fruits, oxalic acid in rhubarb, malic acid in apples, and tartaric

acid in wine. Baking soda, antacids, and lye all contain acid in wine. Baking soda, antacids, and lye all contain bases.Acids and bases are also used widely in industry.The most bases.Acids and bases are also used widely in industry.The most important single use of acids and bases is in the manufacture ofimportant single use of acids and bases is in the manufacture of

other chemicals. Fertilizers, synthetic fabrics, pigments, other chemicals. Fertilizers, synthetic fabrics, pigments, petroleum, iron and steel, explosives, dyes, plastics, pesticides, petroleum, iron and steel, explosives, dyes, plastics, pesticides, soaps and detergents, paper, film, and many other chemicals are soaps and detergents, paper, film, and many other chemicals are produced from acids and bases. They are also used for various produced from acids and bases. They are also used for various

other purposes, including cleaning surfaces, refining oil and other purposes, including cleaning surfaces, refining oil and sugar, electroplating metals, and treating food products.sugar, electroplating metals, and treating food products.

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