Acetyl L-Carnitine with BioSint™

INGREDIENTSAcetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) is a naturally occurring form of L-carnitine, a vitamin-like nutrient synthesized in the body from the amino acids lysine and methionine. ALC serves as a transport molecule for “active acetate,” which is a source of fuel for metabolic processes that take place in cells. ALC carries active acetate (the “Acetyl” portion) directly into the mitochondrion, the cell’s energy-generating structure. Active acetate is used to produce cellular energy in the form of ATP. Both L-carnitine and ALC serve as fat carriers. Unlike L-carnitine, ALC readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it has specific benefits for brain neurons. When taken orally, ALC has been shown to promote healthy ALC levels in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid, demonstrating its uptake in the brain.1

Doctor’s Best Acetyl-L-Carnitine contains Biosint™ Acetyl-L-Carnitine, which is manufactured in Italy by the reputable company Sigma-Tau. It is derived from a base of pharmaceutical grade L-carnitine manufactured using an FDA approved process that fully complies with international monograph standards for carnitine production. Known as a global leader in L-carnitine research, Sigma-Tau holds numerous patents for production of L-carnitine, the derivatives of which are used in clinical trials.

BENEFITS• Supports Cognitive Function*• Supports Biosynthesis of Acetylcholine, a Key Neurotransmitter for

Brain and Nerve Function*• Helps Supply the Brain With Energy Through Mitochondrial

Efficiency*• Helps Uphold the Integrity of Intracellular Membranes*• Supports Nerve Growth Factor Production*• Supports Healthy Brain Neuron Function*

Supports Cognitive Function*ALC has been studied for its effect on cognitive performance and emotional health in the elderly. In a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 481 elderly subjects taking 1500 mg of ALC per day were found to have improved scores on a memory test assessing cognitive abilities after 90

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Acetyl L-Carnitine 60VC

Acetyl L-Carnitine 120VC

Supplement FactsServing Size 2 veggie capsulesServings per container 30 servings

Amount per serving % Daily Value

Acetyl-L-Carnitine 1000 mg †(from BIOSINT™ Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCl)

† Daily Value not established.

Other Ingredients: Magnesium silicate, micro- crystalline cellulose, modified cellulose (vege-tarian capsule), silicon dioxide, stearic acid.Suggested Adult Use: Take 2 capsules daily with food. For additional benefit take 4 capsules perday, or more, as recommended by a nutritionally- informed physician.Non-GMO / Gluten Free / VeganStore in a cool dry place.

Supplement FactsServing Size 2 veggie capsulesServings per container 60 servings

Amount per serving % Daily Value

Acetyl-L-Carnitine 1000 mg †(from BIOSINT™ Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCl)

† Daily Value not established.

Other Ingredients: Magnesium silicate, micro-crystalline cellulose, modified cellulose (vege- tarian capsule), silicon dioxide, stearic acid.Suggested Adult Use: Take 2 capsules daily with food. For additional benefit take 4 capsules per day, or more, as recommended by a nutritionally- informed physician.Non-GMO / Gluten Free / VeganStore in a cool dry place.

days of ALC supplementation.2 In addition to being known for its effects on recognition and memory, placebo-controlled ALC research has also shown better scores in scales measuring the mood of elderly people.2,3

Supports Biosynthesis of Acetylcholine, a Key Neurotransmitter for Brain and Nerve Function* Brain function requires coordinated communication between brain cells. Neurons (brain & nerve cells) communicate across tiny cell-to-cell gaps called synapses. The passage of an electrical impulse from one neuron to the next requires a neurotransmitter to act as a messenger to pass signals to adjacent neurons. When an electrical signal arrives at the synaptic junction, the neuron releases a neurotransmitter into the synapse. The neuron on the other side of the synapse contains receptors for the neurotransmitter (that will bind it), triggering a series of chemical events to send a new electrical signal down the membrane of the receiving neuron. Neurotransmitters work together like an orchestra to transmit information throughout the brain and nervous system.

Acetylcholine is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the body, regulating activities of vital organs and blood vessels, and communication between nerves and muscles. In the brain, acetylcholine helps to facilitate memory and learning, as well as influencing emotions. ALC is structurally similar to acetylcholine — enough so that brain neurons stimulated by acetylcholine are receptive to stimulation by ALC.4 In an experimental animal model, it was shown that ALC can furnish acetyl groups to be utilized during the natural biosynthesis of acetylcholine.5 ALC’s structural similarity to acetylcholine has led researchers to investigate its effects on mental function and emotional health.6

Helps Supply the Brain With Energy Through Mitochondrial Efficiency*The acetyl groups donated by ALC can be used to naturally synthesize acetyl-CoA, the key substrate for energy metabolism in the mitochondrion.1 Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle, the mitochondrial pathway that generates cellular energy in the form of ATP. Age-related decreases in mitochondrial oxidative capacity are a well-known cause of aging, as the organelles and organs in the body begin to operate less efficiently without ideal ATP production. The effects of decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity are especially prevalent in organs that require high-energy inputs, such as the brain and heart. Recent clinical studies have shown that ALC helps to promote and maintain healthy mitochondrial function.7

Helps Uphold the Integrity of Intracellular Membranes*Phospholipids are structural components of brain cell membranes that regulate neuronal function. ALC has been shown to promote healthy membrane phospholipid metabolism in research subjects.8 Additionally, the acetyl groups in ALC are naturally utilized by the body to modify the activity of proteins in neuronal membranes.1 Through these means, ALC promotes normal membrane function, stability, and structural integrity.9

Supports Nerve Growth Factor Production*The body produces specialized proteins called growth factors that are essential to the growth and repair of tissue. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) prolongs the survival of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. As we age, our central nervous system experiences a decrease in the binding of NGF to neuron membranes. ALC has shown the ability to promote the maintenance of normal interactions between NGF and neuron membranes.10 Given to aged rats, ALC demonstrated effectiveness in promoting normal levels of NGF, and it helped maintain utilization of the growth factor in the rats throughout the duration of the study. Maintaining ideal levels of NGF is essential for the health of cholinergic neurons (nerve cells stimulated by acetylcholine), as cholinergic neurons lose some functional capacity due to a lack of NGF.

naturally sequester iron in the body to prevent iron-mediated oxidative damage to cells.16 As a whole, data from in vitro

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

In sum, such results suggest that ALC positively influences the maintenance of healthy and normal NGF activity.1

Supports Healthy Brain Neuron Function*Several animal studies have revealed that ALC contains many biochemical characteristics that help neurons face the aging process optimally.12,13 ALC has been shown to raise levels of glutathione, a key antioxidant, in isolated mouse brain tissue.14 ALC also reduces blood levels of MDA (malondialdehyde), a free radical byproduct.15

SAFETYALC is considered safe and well tolerated when consumed orally. Taken as directed by the label, the maximum daily dosage of this product is 4 capsules per day, well within the limits reported by human safety studies of ALC using the Observed Safety Level (OSL) method.17

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES

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1. Pettegrew, J.W., J. Levine, and R.J. McClure, Acetyl-L-carnitinephysical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: rele-vance for its mode of action in Alzheimer’s disease and geriatricdepression. Molecular Psychiatry, 2000. 5(6): p. 616-632.

2. Salvioli, G. and M. Neri, L-acetylcarnitine treatment of mentaldecline in the elderly. Drugs Exp Clin Res, 1994. 20(4): p. 169-76.

3. Tempesta, E., et al., L-acetylcarnitine in depressed elderly sub-jects. A cross-over study vs placebo. Drugs Exp Clin Res, 1987.13(7): p. 417- 23.

4. Falchetto, S., G. Kato, and L. Provini, The action of carnitines oncortical neurons. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 1971. 49(1): p. 1-7.

5. Dolezal, V. and S. Tucek, Utilization of citrate, acetylcarnitine, ac-etate, pyruvate and glucose for the synthesis of acetylcholine in ratbrain slices. J Neurochem, 1981. 36(4): p. 1323-30.

6. Passeri, M., et al., Mental impairment in aging: selection of pa-tients, methods of evaluation and therapeutic possibilities ofacetyl-L-carnitine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res, 1988. 8(5): p. 367-76.

7. Rosca, M.G., H. Lemieux, and C.L. Hoppel, Mitochondria in the el-derly: Is acetylcarnitine a rejuvenator? Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2009.61(14): p. 1332-42.

8. Pettegrew, J.W., et al., Clinical and neurochemical effects of ace-tyl- L-carnitine in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging, 1995. 16(1):p. 1-4.

9. Arduini, A., et al., Effect of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on thehuman erythrocyte membrane stability and deformability. Life Sci,1990. 47(26): p. 2395-400.

10.Taglialatela, G., et al., Stimulation of nerve growth factor recep-torsin PC12 by acetyl-L-carnitine. Biochem Pharmacol, 1992. 44(3): p.577- 85.

11. Taglialatela, G., et al., Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increases nervegrowth factor levels and choline acetyltransferase activity in thecentral nervous system of aged rats. Exp Gerontol, 1994. 29(1): p.55-66.

12. Forloni, G., N. Angeretti, and S. Smiroldo, Neuroprotective activityof acetyl-L-carnitine: studies in vitro. J Neurosci Res, 1994. 37(1): p.92-6.

13. Steffen, V., et al., Effect of intraventricular injection of 1-meth-yl-4- phenylpyridinium: protection by acetyl-L-carnitine. Hum ExpToxicol, 1995. 14(11): p. 865-71.

14. Fariello, R.G., et al., Systemic acetyl-L-carnitine elevates nigrallevels of glutathione and GABA. Life Sci, 1988. 43(3): p. 289-92.

15. Calvani, M., et al., Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegener-ation and Alzheimer’s disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1992. 663:p.483-6.

16. Calvani, M. and A. Carta, Clues to the mechanism of action ofacetyl-L-carnitine in the central nervous system. Dementia, 1991.2: p. 1-6.

17. Hathcock, J.N. and A. Shao, Risk assessment for carnitine. RegulToxicol Pharmacol, 2006. 46(1): p. 23-8.