214 The cost of a safety analysis intended to fulfill these goals is about 30% higher than for a conventional risk analysis, and requires a much more flexible range of safety criteria. The Worker as a Safety Resource in Modern Production Systems JAN HOVDEN and TERJE STEN SIA’TEF, Safety and Reliability Section, N-7034 Trondheim-NTH (Norway) The traditional focus on human error, accident causation, and risk conditions in safety research should benefit from adding considerations of the worker as a safety resource and problem-solver. Identification of undesired risk behaviour, risk conditions and accidents is no guarantee of obtaining relevant knowledge of safe behaviour and safety measures. In a research project at SINTEF on man machine communication studies on operators’ monitoring and crisis intervention of sub-sea oil production systems, the theoretical approaches and research strategies stress the positive concept of man; e.g. coping, performance, skills, adequate handling of non- programmed tasks, etc., as a basis for recommendations on design of technical systems, work organization, and training. Accidents and Variance Control GORDON ROBINSON University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Industrial Engineering, 1513 University Acenue, Madison, WI 53706 (U.S.A.) New forms of work, in new organization designs, are placing maintenance tasks in the form of sociotechnical system’s “variance control” - in the hands of many more workers. This could have serious implications for a safety program. The function of variance control is discussed in relation to production and maintenance and as it has developed within sociotechnical systems theory and practice. Newer organizational designs that present further problems are presented. Design issues are then discussed, including those in the technical system (including the workplace) and in the social system (including training and responsibility). Safety Considerations in the Design of Factories - A Study of Three Cases GRETA FANG and LARS HARMS-RINGDAHL Occupational Accident Research Unit, Royal Institute of Technology, S-l 0044 Stockholm (Sweden) The design procedure of three factories has been studied. The safety considerations were of special interest. Also, the treatment of other factors of

Accidents and variance control

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The cost of a safety analysis intended to fulfill these goals is about 30% higher than for a conventional risk analysis, and requires a much more flexible range of safety criteria.

The Worker as a Safety Resource in Modern Production Systems

JAN HOVDEN and TERJE STEN

SIA’TEF, Safety and Reliability Section, N-7034 Trondheim-NTH (Norway)

The traditional focus on human error, accident causation, and risk conditions in safety research should benefit from adding considerations of the worker as a safety resource and problem-solver. Identification of undesired risk behaviour, risk conditions and accidents is no guarantee of obtaining relevant knowledge of safe behaviour and safety measures.

In a research project at SINTEF on man machine communication studies on operators’ monitoring and crisis intervention of sub-sea oil production systems, the theoretical approaches and research strategies stress the positive concept of man; e.g. coping, performance, skills, adequate handling of non- programmed tasks, etc., as a basis for recommendations on design of technical systems, work organization, and training.

Accidents and Variance Control

GORDON ROBINSON

University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Industrial Engineering, 1513 University Acenue, Madison, WI 53706 (U.S.A.)

New forms of work, in new organization designs, are placing maintenance tasks in the form of sociotechnical system’s “variance control” - in the hands of many more workers. This could have serious implications for a safety program. The function of variance control is discussed in relation to production and maintenance and as it has developed within sociotechnical systems theory and practice. Newer organizational designs that present further problems are presented. Design issues are then discussed, including those in the technical system (including the workplace) and in the social system (including training and responsibility).

Safety Considerations in the Design of Factories - A Study of Three Cases

GRETA FANG and LARS HARMS-RINGDAHL

Occupational Accident Research Unit, Royal Institute of Technology, S-l 0044 Stockholm (Sweden)

The design procedure of three factories has been studied. The safety considerations were of special interest. Also, the treatment of other factors of