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The Future Development and Advantages
of Advanced Water Mist Systems
in Fire Suppression
Arch.i. Alessandro Traballano
Advanced Fire Monitoring and Protection Technology Ltd
Background to Water Mist System
How Water Mist System Work
Water Mist Suppression Mechanism
Use of the Water Mist System:
Metro Station Water Mist System
Tunnel High Pressure Water Mist System
Metro System Application
Water Mist System in Off Shore, Oil Storage
Libraries and Museum
Water Mist System Advantages
Conclusion of the Water Mist System
Summary of the Presentation
Background to Water Mist System
Not New
Last 10 years seen massive development
Now a more than credible Challenger to:
Sprinkler and Drencher Systems
Foam Systems
Powder Systems
Inert Gas Systems
Background to Water Mist System
Now it is different from early water mist systems.
Now are equal and in most cases superior to the traditional
systems currently in use.
Typically uses 10% of the volume of water required by a
traditional sprinkler system, less water used but gives a
higher suppression rate
Conforms to recognised Standards NFPA 750.
To be Water Mist must have less than 1000 μm,
micrometre per droplet (1000 μm = 1 mm; 1 μm = 0,001
mm)
How Water Mist System Works
Uses 90% less water than sprinklers
Can be High or Low Pressure
Open or closed System
3 way, suppression of fire, cooling effect, oxygen
reduce effect and heat blocking effect
Dedicated Pump supplies the required pressure
Smaller droplets break down Smoke particles meaning
significantly less smoke damage
Effect Heat-absorption:
the very small droplets in a high-pressure water mist system quickly absorb
heat 100 thousand times more efficiently than traditional sprinkler system, and
absorb so much energy that the droplets evaporate and transform from water
to steam, high evaporation rate. (the evaporation of 1 kg of water produces an
absorption of heat equal to 595 kcal).
Rapid suffocation: the high surface area relative to the small mass of water means that each
droplet will expand approximately 1700 times, when getting close to the
combustible material. Oxygen and combustible gasses will then be displaced
from the fire.
Radiant Heat Blocking: radiant heat blocking
Water mist penetrates into the seat of fire.
This system save 90% less water than conventional systems whilst giving a
more effective suppression rate.
Water Mist Fire Suppression Mechanism
Uses of the Water Mist System
Metro Systems
Apartments and Hotels
Off Shore Oil Platforms
Libraries and Museums
Wind Turbines
Data and Control Rooms
Metro Water Mist System
Metro Fire Statistics
1995.10.28，Azerbaijan capital metro, electric motor car fault, 558
death, 369 hurts
2003.02.09， Daegu subway ， arson ，134 deaths，136 hurt，289
missing
2010.9.20，Shenyang subway line 1 Baogongjie，carriage fire, burn
over 100 square metres，40 people were trapped with 2 in deep
coma
2012.02.22, Osaka subway fire，3000 people were evacuated，off-
the-line for 1.5 hours，120 thousand were affected
2012.11.19, Before fitting water mist, Guangzhou Metro line 8 heavily
smoke logged in Kecun, and over 1 thousand people were
evacuated
Smoke is Fatal
85%
10% 5%
Toxicity :
High Temperature
Death Cause
10% Burning
85% Smoke
5%Other
CO concentration
The smokes
contain toxic gasses
CO2 concentration
when Oxygen < 17% in volume is lethal
burn
60℃ 120℃ > 200℃
can bear in
short time
normal
temperature
flashover
1.28% 0.16% 0%
death in
2 hours
death in
3 min
Smoke Damages Electrical Equipment
Fire Characteristics :
Damage Cause :
“Fire extinguishing systems for electric Equipment
Rooms should have a smoke eliminating function,
Water Mist breaks down the smoke particles thus
significantly reducing the damage caused by Smoke”
FCCNRC reports: in communication
centre room fire, 95% damage is caused by
smoke and only 5% by Temperature
Heavy Smoke
Toxic gas: such as CO, HCL, HF, NH3,
they can affect people and corrode
equipment
95%
5%
95% smoke
5% temperature
Up train
Station : Water Mist System in tunnel
Protection way: High Pressure
Water Mist Screen Locate nozzle between carriage shielded
gate and produce water mist screen
HP Water Mist Spray Gun for train and
platform
down train
Platform (top view)
Function: block toxic gasses to
allow safe and rapid evacuation
Water mist screen
Smoke flow
platform
Evacuation
Application:
Shanghai Metro
Line 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16
Wuxi Metro Line 1
Scheme Station
Tunnel
Fire Location area : carriage
Water Mist Screen
Water mist screen
Station : Water Mist System in the Hall
Protection way : closed wet system
Closed nozzles are set on the top of hall
HP Water Mist Spray Gun
Function : protects people in hall
Fast Automatic Response
Advantages
No wet floors caused by Sprinklers
Pipework is a smaller diameter
Shared pump unit means cost savings
Application :
Shanghai Metro Line 11,
Wuxi Metro Line 1
Hall (top view)
Fire Location area : Hall
Station:
Water Mist System electric equipment room Protection area: electric equipment
Strong Current : transformer room,
substation, switch gear room
Weak Current : communication center
room, weak current equipment room,
environmental control room, shielding door
equipment room
Protection way:
pre-action system or open system
Set open or closed nozzle on the top of room
Advantages :
Safe and environmentlly friendly, harmless to
humans
Eliminating smoke, and cooling in one
system decreases damage to equipment
Application : Shanghai Metro Line 11,
Guangzhou Metro APM, Wuxi Metro Line 1,
Hangzhou Metro Line1 Qibao vehicle base
Electric Room (top of room)
Station :
Water Mist System for Emergency Exits
Protection area : emergency exits
Protection way: closed system + water
mist screen
Station entrance :
open water mist screen, which is triggered by
detector smoke or heat or gas in adjacent area
Gallery Inside :
closed water mist system
HP Water Mist Spray Gun for train and platform
Function：
Obstruct smoke
Extinguish fire
Station entrance:
Open water mist system
Station
Entrance
Evacuation Walk way: Closed wet system
(top view)
Station : Water Mist System in Escalator
Protection area : escalator
Protection way : open local water mist system
Set pipe outside of escalator and below handrail along
with guide rail
Set micro nozzle on pipe vertically
Function :
quickly extinguish fire inside
escalator
Nozzle pipe vertical
Control Center:
Water Mist System for Control Hall
Protection for : people, equipment
and large screen
Function : extinguishing fire
protect people equipment and screen
Application :
Beijing Metro Control Hall II
Tianjing East Station Control Center
Tianjing Station North Square
Shanghai Metro Ling 4, 6 Control Center
Advantage: Eliminate smoke and cool down to protect
equipment
Waterlogging is minimal facility can run
normally
Water Mist System for Vehicle Depot
Fire Location area: vehicle depot
Protect Way : open water mist
screen system 2-3 row open nozzles between 2 fire zones
HP Water Mist Spray Gun for train
Application : Hangzhou Metro Line 1
Beijing Metro Line 7
Beijing Metro Line 10
Train A Train B
Train C Train D
Fire Zone 1
Fire Zone 2
Top (view)
Function : eliminating smoke, cooling and fire
division
Main Substation :
Water Mist System in Transformer Room
Protect for: transformer room
Protect Way: local system (3-dimensional)
3 layers around transformer:
Down: circle around oil pool to protect it
Middle: circle around box to protect it
Up: set open nozzle upon expansion tank to
protect it
“Protection methods for electric
room, for cable vault and switching
room in main substation are the
same as in metro station”
Application:
Main substation of Shanghai Metro Line 11
Tunnel HP Water Mist System Solution
Protect for : tunnel, train
Protect Way : open system
Set 4 nozzles at vertical surface spraying to train
High Pressure Water Mist Spray Gun for train
and tunnel
Function : control and extinguish fire
Set 4 Nozzles
Application :
Hangzhou Metro Line 1 tunnel
Tunnel
Carriage
Water Mist System application
Shanghai Metro Line 6
Open system protecting control center
Water Mist System Application
Shanghai Metro Line 11
Protect electric room : rail line area,
public zone,
master substation
Electric Room
Rail Line Area
Public Zone
Master substation
Water Mist System Application
Hangzhou Metro Line 1
First tunnel application in Metro Shanghai China :
solving fire protection problem in tunnel
Now widely used in Metro Shanghai China, in : control center, vehicle base and tunnel
Water Mist System applications already
fitted
No. Project Name Protect ion Area
5 Shanghai, Beijing,
Wuhan Metro
Dispatching Office,
Interlayer
6 Wuxi Metro Line 1
Control Room, Rail Line
Area, Equipment Room,
Low-pressure Chamber,
UPS Power Room, Electric
Control Room
7 Hangzhou Metro
Line 1
Equipment Room, Control
Hall, Power Room, Network
Management Room, UPS,
Vehicle Base, etc.
8
Chengdu to
Dujiangyan Railway
Project
Rail Line Area
No. Project Name Protection Area
1
Guangzhou
Metro
（Zhujiang New
City）
Electric Room
2
Shanghai Metro
Line 2, 4, 6, 7, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13
Control Center, Office,
Electric Room, Rail Line
Area, Public Area
3 Tianjing Station
North Square
Variable power
distribution, Generator
Room, Control Room,
UPS Power Room,
Machine Room, etc.
4
Beijing Metro
Control Center II,
Line 10
Electricity Room,
Control Center, Network
Management Room,
Inspection Room,
Machine Room, Office,
etc.
Water Mist Apartments
and Hotels Video
Water Mist System in Off Shore Platforms
Inside Platform
Off Shore Platforms
Off shore
Foam traditional
Sprinkler System
Pure Air
How Water Mist System work with fuel or oil
Water Mist System in Oil Storage
Fuel/Oil
Advaced
Water Mist System
Fuel/Oil
90% less Water
Reduce the Oxygen,
contain and
suppression the fire
Fuel/Oil
Water
Fire spread effect
Libraries and Museums
Moscow 2015
“Major Fire in the library of Sciences”
Water Mist System Advantages
can be used for most classes of Fire
3 way suppression of fire, cooling effect, oxygen reduce effect and
heat blocking effect.
90% less water needed mean longer suppression time.
Water mist breaks down the smoke particles which cause the most
damage to sensitive Equipment.
less damage, means less Downtime because uses 90% less water.
better penetration into seat of fire.
environmentally friendly.
is cheaper than inert gases.
equal or better Suppression Rates.
is smaller installation space needed and lower overall system weight
and size saving space.
minimal upkeep.
easy to test.
is people friendly : No toxic problems means immediate activation with
no worries about delayed activation needed with gases to allow
evacuation.
Water Mist System Compared to Conventional
Sprinkler System
Conclusion of the Water Mist System
advanced water mist system is superior and is better
alternative than traditional sprinkler suppression systems.
Superior coverage of the protected volume.
Extra fitting cost is offset by less downtime.
No refill costs after activation.
In Hotels or Apartments space saved can provide extra
capacity.
Can be used for most applications as: Metro Systems,
Apartments and Hotels, Off Shore Oil Platforms, Libraries
and Museums, Wind Turbines, Data and Control Rooms.
Provides cost savings as well as safety.
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