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Absolutism – England 16.3. The problems in England revolved around power struggles between Parliament and the monarchy. Religion also a source of conflict. What did each claim as their basis for control?. English Problems. Queen Elizabeth’s death led to the Stuarts ascending the throne. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Absolutism – England16.3
English Problems• The problems in
England revolved around power struggles between Parliament and the monarchy.
• Religion also a source of conflict.
• What did each claim as their basis for control?
Problems in England• Queen Elizabeth’s
death led to the Stuarts ascending the throne.
• King James Stuart. Divine right ruler, problems with Parliament (religious) as well as philosophical.
Religious Issuesp. 517
• James I – Calvinist/Presbyterian • England – Anglican• Dissenters – differed from Anglican Church- ex. Puritans• What did the Puritans believe? What were their
goals?
Charles I (1625)
• Prison w/o trial• Needed money • “Petition of Right” by Parliament forced on
King.– Not tax w/out Pmt.– Can’t impose martial law in peacetime.– Dissolved Parliament
Outcome of Charles• Ignored the Petition of Right -it was contradiction of
absolute monarchy.• Angered Scots and Parliament (Laud, prayer book)• Long Parliament – 1640 -1653 -executed Laud-declared Parliament could not be dissolved-Charles used troops to arrest leaders (1642); who
raised own army
Civil War• What happened?• Civil War (1642-1649)
between loyalists (Cavaliers) and Parliament supporters (Roundheads)
• Rise of Oliver Cromwell and the NMA
Civil War and Cromwell
• Captured Charles and tried for treason and executed
- Significance?• Cromwell’s rule.
– Military dictator (sent parliament home)– Puritan (no fun)– Catholic persecution– Irish (catholic) treatment– Commonwealth (Republic) – Cromwell the Lord
Protector (1653) Ended with death in 1658
Execution of the King
• Execution of the King
Restoration p.520-521
• Charles II (Charles I’s son) voted into power with limitations placed by parliament (1660)
-constitutional based on rights of crown, Parliament and people
• James II – Catholic, younger bro of Charles II
• Problems with James-Open Catholic-appointed Catholics- Acted absolutist
William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution
• Mary daughter of James II married to William the Orange III from Netherlands.
• 1688 overthrew James with little bloodshed. James flees to France.
Limited Monarchyp.521-522
• Constitution or legislative body limits monarch• Move away from absolutism to constitutional
monarchy (gov’t power is defined and limited by law) . • Cabinet members (Prime Minister)-where did the term “cabinet” come from?• Toleration Act 1689: freedom of religion (except
Catholics)• Bill of Rights 1689 (only Anglicans can hold office)
– Freedom of speech in Pmt.– No taxes w/out Pmt. Approval– No standing army in peacetime-Habeas Corpus
Review
• Which came first, the English Civil War, or “Glorious Revolution”?
• Which king was the leader of the Royalists in the civil war?
• Which duo were asked to take power in the “Glorious Revolution”, and whom did they take it from?